Abstract:
:The companion article (Sholomenko et al. 1991) described the brainstem locomoter regions in the bird where direct intracerebral injection of a number of putative excitatory neurochemicals, including cholinergic agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and Substance P, evoke locomotion. Using the same experimental protocol, this study focuses on the locomotor effects following discrete brainstem injections of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and some of GABA agonists and antagonists. Brainstem regions that were electrically and chemically stimulated included the ventromedial medullary reticular formation, the pontobulbar locomotor strip of the dorsolateral pons and medulla, the pontine reticular formation, and the mesencephalic reticular formation. Locomotion was evoked after the injection of the GABA antagonists picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) and bicuculline (GABAA antagonist) into several brainstem locomoter regions. Brainstem stimulated locomotion (both chemically and electrically induced) could be transiently blocked by intracerebral infusion of GABA and irreversibly blocked by muscimol (GABAA agonist). Our avian results are similar to those described for mammals and provide support for the suggestion that motor circuitry, at least at brainstem levels, is similar in all vertebrates.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Sholomenko GN,Funk GD,Steeves JDdoi
10.1007/BF00231753keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
674-81issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Activation of glial cells has been proposed to contribute to neuronal dysfunction and neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we attempt to determine some of the effects of secreted factors from activated murine N-11 microglia on viability and morphology of neurons using the differentiated neuroblas...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1389-5
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived motion may be a stimulus for anticipatory slow eye movements. To test this possibility, the production of anticipatory slow eye movements in humans was studied using apparent motion stimuli. Short range apparent motion was produced with random dot stimuli and the anticipatory slow eye movements were isolated...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247357
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1257-8
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fast goal-directed voluntary movements of the human upper extremity are known to be associated with three distinct bursts of EMG activity in antagonistic muscles. The role of each burst (AG1, ANT, AG2) in controlling motion is not fully understood, largely because overall limb response is a complex function of the ent...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236850
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0948-x
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236546
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231153
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005725
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236214
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4531-2
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05746-6
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236784
更新日期:1979-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::Albinism affects the anatomy and physiology of the visual system in mammals. Behavioural, anatomical and in vivo electrophysiological investigations revealed that the optokinetic reflex is abnormal and retinal slip neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1722-8
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1346-8
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4486-3
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00234015
更新日期:1976-06-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3868-2
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0964-6
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1097-7
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235707
更新日期:1977-06-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0935-y
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228525
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239202
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0064-4
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal automatic postural responses are thought to contribute to balance impairment in Parkinson's disease. However, because postural responses are modifiable by stance, we have speculated that some postural abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease are secondary to their stooped stance. We have studied thi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050644
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2844-3
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238839
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00