Abstract:
:Chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections are highly prevalent and create a substantial burden to healthcare systems globally. These two chronic infections are the cause of significant global morbidity and mortality with approximately 1 million annual deaths attributable to them and their sequelae. Children are vulnerable to both infections. The availability of new drugs and new therapeutic strategies are increasing the complexity and individualizing the management of children with viral hepatitis. Therefore, it is extremely important to educate and advise pediatricians concerning the new lines of treatment. More than 350 million persons worldwide are infected with HBV. Although its incidence has dramatically declined since the implementation of universal immunization programs in many countries, scores of children are still being infected each year. Despite its benign course, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during childhood and adolescence, 3-5% and 0.01-0.03% of chronic carriers develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively, before adulthood. Treatment of CHB in childhood has been hampered by the long delay in licensing new drugs for pediatric use. Safe and effective antiviral therapies are available in adults, but few are labeled for use in children, and an accurate selection of whom to treat and the identification of the right timing for treatment are needed to optimize response and reduce the risk of antiviral resistance. Although several guidelines on the management of adult patients with CHB have been published by major international societies, the clinical approach to infected children is still evolving, and is mostly based on the expert opinions. Standard interferon (IFN)-α is still the treatment of choice for most children with HBV infection. Licensing of highly-effective nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NA) for older children and adolescents has opened new possibilities of treatment. However, the risk of emergence of drug resistant strains is a public health problem and a major long-term issue for young patients. Before starting a child on NAs, the risks of treatment should be carefully weighed against the possible benefits. As the management of special patient populations is problematic and not evidence-based, their referral to highly specialized centers is strongly recommended. The World Health Organization estimates that over 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HCV. In countries where adults have a high prevalence of HCV infection, an increased prevalence in children can also be expected. In Egypt, for example, approximately 1-2% of children are infected. The child infected with HCV must be over 2 years old in order to be treated by a licensed drug. The standard of care therapy is pegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin with success rates as similar in adults. The first-wave, first-generation oral direct acting anti-virals (DAAs) telaprevir and boceprevir were licensed by the FDA for use in HCV genotype 1 infection in adults in 2011. Telaprevir and boceprevir must be coadministered with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. Sofosbuvir, the second-wave DAA has been approved in adults in January 2014 and other DAAs are on the way of approval soon in adults. Some DAAs are being tested for children and the results are eagerly awaited.
journal_name
Minerva Pediatrjournal_title
Minerva pediatricaauthors
El-Shabrawi M,Hassanin Fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
473-89issue
5eissn
0026-4946issn
1827-1715pii
R15Y2014N05A0473journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains one of the major challenges in neonatal surgery. Survival rate has increased in the last decades mainly due to perinatal care and surgical technique improvements. Classically, a laparotomy has been performed after cardiovascular and respiratory stabilization. Introduction ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.17.05110-6
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the cooperation of 12 Maternity Hospitals we have started a prospective study to evaluate the effect of dietary and environmental measures in the development of atopic disease in "at risk" newborns. The preventive measures included: exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of life, soy milk supplement when...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to asses the validity of the TCB nomogram for the European population for predicting significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and late-preterm newborns. METHODS:This observational study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2009 in the well-baby nurseries of Gemelli hos...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a condition characterised by airways inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to specific and aspecific spasmogens associated with reversible airways obstruction. The bronchomotor tone is the result of an interaction between neurotransmitter release and local mediators. The efferent neurohumoral pathwa...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the central nervous system involving quite a number of neurological sequelae the most common of which is hearing impairment. To assess the incidence of audiological deficit the authors evaluated retrospectively 20 patients, between 4 months and 11 years of age, observed at the P...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noonan syndrome (NS) is a rare genetic disorder, revealing autosomal dominant trait. It is a multiface condition that is characterized by a series congenital malformations including facial anomalies, postnatal growth retardation, webbing of the neck, pectus excavatum/carinatum, pulmonic stenosis and undescended testic...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intra-abdominal lymphangiomas are rare benign tumours that can cause various symptoms, mainly during childhood. They are diagnosed by ultrasonography, CT scanning or at laparotomy; ultrasonographic examination often shows a voluminous tumoral cystic formation with septa. The location of the cyst may be determined eith...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Providing optimal mechanical ventilation to critically-ill children remains a challenge. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony results frequently with numerous deleterious consequences on patient outcome including increased requirement for sedation, prolonged duration of ventilation, and greater imposed work of breathing. M...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inflammation may represent a common underlying mechanism in a wide range of diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Cytokine involvement has been investigated in some studies on patients with childhood neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines are involved in...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of developmental and behavioral profile in a domestic adoptees sample. METHODS:Thirty-six domestic adoptive families were recruited, resulting in a sample of 39 children. Families were sent a general questionnaire for collecting data related to the childre...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors report 3 cases of cytochrome-c-oxidase deficiency (2 cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome and 1 case of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia) with Central Nervous System alterations and facial anomalies. The facial anomalies are high forehead, wide nasal bridge, upturned nose, long and flat philtrum (alt...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sidenham's chorea represents one of the gold standards of rheumatic fever. Its identification however has recently become more difficult, owing to the progressive decrease of rheumatic fever itself. Nevertheless this pathology disturbing both the child and the family, easily dominated by a suitable therapy, is still t...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in the exploration of the abdomen in a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy. Results are compared with those obtained using two widely used diagnostic methods: CT and ultrasonography (US). US revealed a prevalent involvement ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspecific chronic diarrhea is one of the most common causes of protracted diarrhea in infancy. The pathology is characterised by an increased frequency of daily bowel movement with half-formed feces; it is not associated to malabsorption syndrome or enteric infections and appears to be correlated to an unbalanced diet...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bronchiolitis is the most frequent lower airway infection leading hospitalization in children younger than 2 years. RSV is the typical common cause, followed by rhinovirus. Criteria for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission are not defined by guidelines. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of children...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05574-7
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A drug-related problem (DRP) may be defined as "an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome". Our aim was to determine the frequency and characteristics of DRPs in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary cardiac care center in the ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The increase in life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has brought about a rise in new clinical problems in these patients, such as a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). The cause of diminished BMD in CF is multi-factorial. METHODS:The aim of this cross-sectional study, conducted on 39 CF patients un...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen concentration in expired breath depends on the fraction of ingested carbohydrates unabsorbed by the small intestinal mucosa which reach the large intestine and are fermented by the colonic flora. The aim of this study is to assess whether in coeliac children breath hydrogen excretion reflects the histological...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper illustrates the characteristics of external fixators (EF) (Wagner, FEA, Ilizarov) regularly used in pediatric surgery. Attention is focused on the indications for their use in orthopedics and traumatology during the developmental age. In conclusion, their use, even though in traumatology this is more restric...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the present trial is to determine the efficacy and safety profile of oxatomide, a potent antiallergic drug, in children aged under 2 years, suffering from atopic dermatitis. A comparison between 2 different dosage schemes was scheduled. METHODS:An oral suspension of oxatomide, in a neonatological...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) show a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms intimately related to the disturbed mineral and bone metabolism and summarized as CKD-mineral-bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Whereas in adults an impaired bone metabolism translates mainly into an increased risk of fractures, in pediatric ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study is to investigate the suicide and attempted suicide phenomenon among young people (<25 years old) in the Verbano-Cusio-Ossola province from January 1988 to December 2000. METHODS:This epidemiological-descriptive survey is based on the acquisition of data through the examination ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease is the most common complication of pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). There is emerging evidence that the disease may be reversed with the use of parenteral lipid emulsions derived from fish-oils, which contain significant concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids (w3FA). T...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Specific learning disabilities are disorders that affect the instrumental skills of academic learning, leaving intact the general intellectual functioning. It is possible to distinguish: dyslexia, dysorthography, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. The diagnosis is made according to DSMV. The aim of this study is t...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05036-3
更新日期:2018-04-12 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to assess the impact and the peculiarities of cerebral palsy (CP) in children discharged from our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 1998 to April 2004. METHODS:A total of 2 303 children were discharged from our NICU during this period and 1 912 were followed up for 1 year t...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The nutritional status of foster children, the quality of daily menus in group homes and the food security inside these organizations have been poorly studied. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate them. METHODS:A sample of 125 children, ranging in age from 0-17 years, among seven group ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.16.04802-7
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of our study was multifaceted neurodevelopmental examination of children born prematurely with very low birth weight (VLBW) in order to evaluate the usefulness of popularly used tests. The second aim of the study was exploration of risk and protective factors of neurodevelopmental impairment. METHOD...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.16.04513-8
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis poisoning is rarely reported in young children. We present the case of a child twenty months old admitted to the Emergency Room because of sopor, hypotonia and miosis. This is the first out of 1150 poisonings under the age of five registered at Trieste between 1975-1992. Cannabis poisoning has to be considere...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the blood pressure (BP), heart rate and weight distribution of 1214 school-age children (6-11 years old) in Messina. The systolic BP is significantly correlated with weight in every age and in both sexes. The incidence of BP values equal or above the 95 degrees percentile are significantly higher ...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a demyelinating disease of the pons often associated with the demyelination of extrapontine areas of the central nervous system. It typically occurs 0.5-7 days after a rapid increment in serum Na level in hyponatremic patients and may lead to death. A 2.5-year-old child with a dia...
journal_title:Minerva pediatrica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00