A gatekeeper helix determines the substrate specificity of Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract:

:Mutations in the gene coding for membrane-bound fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) lead to toxic accumulation of lipid species and development of the Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS), a rare disorder characterized by skin defects and mental retardation. Here, we present the crystallographic structure of human FALDH, the first model of a membrane-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase. The dimeric FALDH displays a previously unrecognized element in its C-terminal region, a 'gatekeeper' helix, which extends over the adjacent subunit, controlling the access to the substrate cavity and helping orientate both substrate cavities towards the membrane surface for efficient substrate transit between membranes and catalytic site. Activity assays demonstrate that the gatekeeper helix is important for directing the substrate specificity of FALDH towards long-chain fatty aldehydes. The gatekeeper feature is conserved across membrane-associated aldehyde dehydrogenases. Finally, we provide insight into the previously elusive molecular basis of SLS-causing mutations.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Keller MA,Zander U,Fuchs JE,Kreutz C,Watschinger K,Mueller T,Golderer G,Liedl KR,Ralser M,Kräutler B,Werner ER,Marquez JA

doi

10.1038/ncomms5439

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-07-22 00:00:00

pages

4439

issn

2041-1723

pii

ncomms5439

journal_volume

5

pub_type

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