Abstract:
:Vibrio vulnificus naturally inhabits a variety of aquatic organisms, including oysters, and is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the United States. Strains of this bacterium are genetically classified into environmental (E) and clinical (C) genotypes, which correlate with source of isolation. E-genotype strains integrate into marine aggregates more efficiently than do C-genotype strains, leading to a greater uptake of strains of this genotype by oysters feeding on these aggregates. The causes of this increased integration of E-type strains into marine "snow" have not been demonstrated. Here, we further investigate the physiological and genetic causalities for this genotypic heterogeneity by examining the ability of strains of each genotype to attach to chitin, a major constituent of marine snow. We found that E-genotype strains attach to chitin with significantly greater efficiency than do C-genotype strains when incubated at 20°C. Type IV pili were implicated in chitin adherence, and even in the absence of chitin, the expression level of type IV pilin genes (pilA, pilD, and mshA) was found to be inherently higher by E genotypes than by C genotypes. In contrast, the level of expression of N-acetylglucosamine binding protein A (gbpA) was significantly higher in C-genotype strains. Interestingly, incubation at a clinically relevant temperature (37°C) resulted in a significant increase in C-genotype attachment to chitin, which subsequently provided a protective effect against exposure to acid or bile, thus offering a clue into their increased incidence in human infections. This study suggests that C- and E-genotype strains have intrinsically divergent physiological programs, which may help explain the observed differences in the ecology and pathogenic potential between these two genotypes.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Williams TC,Ayrapetyan M,Oliver JDdoi
10.1128/AEM.03811-13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
1580-7issue
5eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.03811-13journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Two strains of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus cremoris AM2 and Leuconostoc lactis CNRZ 1091, were grown in pure and mixed cultures in the presence or absence of citrate (15 mM) and at controlled (pH 6.5) or uncontrolled pH. Microbial cell densities at the end of growth, maximum growth rates, the pH dec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.10.2527-2531.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphism of the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum was studied to evaluate whether this sequence could be used in field studies to estimate the diversity of strains forming mycorrhizas on individual Pinus pinaster root systems. This sequence w...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.3.903-909.1999
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xanthobacter flavus 14p1 was isolated from sludge of the river Mulde by selective enrichment with 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium did not use other aromatic or chloroaromatic compounds as growth substrates. During growth on 1,4-dichlorobenzene, stoichiometric amounts of chlor...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.11.3884-3888.1995
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant Escherichia coli fadR atoC(Con) mutants containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes from Alcaligenes eutrophus are able to incorporate significant levels of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) into the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)]. We have used E. coli fadR (F...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.7.2487-2492.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 514 in vol. 55.]. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify genes that are important for class IIa bacteriocin interaction and resistance in Listeria species, transposon Tn917 knockout libraries were constructed for Listeria innocua strain Lin11 and screened for mutants that are resistant to pediocin AcH. A highly resistant mutant (G7) (MIC > 20 microg/ml; 1,000-fo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1283-1290.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quorum sensing (QS) regulates Phaeobacter gallaeciensis antagonism in broth systems; however, we demonstrate here that QS is not important for antagonism in algal cultures. QS mutants reduced Vibrio anguillarum to the same extent as the wild type. Consequently, a combination of probiotic Phaeobacter and QS inhibitors ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01436-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The establishment of bacterial communities in two healthy babies was examined for more than the first 10 months of life by monitoring 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) diversity in fecal samples by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and by analyzing the sequences of the major ribotypes. DGGE profiles of the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.1.219-226.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ophthalmic acid (OA; l-γ-glutamyl-l-2-aminobutyryl-glycine) is an analog of glutathione (GSH; l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) in which the cysteine moiety is replaced by l-2-aminobutyrate. OA is a useful peptide for the pharmaceutical and/or food industries. Herein, we report a method for the production of OA using ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02806-17
更新日期:2018-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::The role of protease produced by a heterotrophic bacterium during growth was investigated with Aeromonas salmonicida, the pathogen of fish furunculosis, strain A-7301 and its protease-deficient mutant NTG-1 induced by mutagenesis. Strain A-7301 produced extracellular protease in a mixed amino acid medium (composed of ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.4.1031-1037.1985
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several transposable elements were isolated from the genome of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. These elements and an avirulence gene isolated from X. oryzae pv. oryzae were used as hybridization probes for a collection of X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from the Philippines. Each of the sequences was present in multiple c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.9.3275-3283.1994
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To ascertain its physiological similarity to other methanogenic bacteria, Methanospirillum hungatii, the type species of the genus, was characterized nutritionally and biochemically. Good growth occurred in a medium consisting of mineral salts, cysteine sulfide reducing buffer, and an H2-CO2 (80:20) atmosphere. Additi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.4.371-376.1977
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisera were raised against nine strains which had been isolated from phenol-acclimated oil refinery activated sludge. Although several antisera reacted significantly with the activated sludge during a period of adaptation to phenol, only an antiserum against one of the isolates, Alcaligenes sp. E2, reacted with the ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.10.3901-3904.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High numbers (10(7) to 10(10) cells per g [dry weight]) of heterotrophic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-sporeforming, aerobic, thermophilic bacteria related to the genus Thermus were isolated from thermogenic composts at temperatures between 65 and 82 degrees C. These bacteria were present in different types of waste...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.5.1723-1727.1996
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two duck farms in Hong Kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. The predominant virus in one community was H3N2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic Hong Kong strain. This virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from fec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.110-115.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype, which has been associated with Crohn's disease, shows similar traits to human and animal extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) with respect to their phylogenetic origin and virulence gene profiles. Here, we demonstrate that animal ExPEC strains generally do...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02614-10
更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The ever-increasing industrial demand for biocatalysis necessitates innovations in the preparation and stabilization of biocatalysts. In this study, we demonstrated that beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) displayed on Bacillus spores by fusion to the spore coat proteins (CotG) may be used as a whole-cell immobilized biocat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01489-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of pressure and temperature on the fatty acid composition in a barotolerant deep-sea bacterium that had branched-chain fatty acids were examined. The major fatty acids of the strain at atmospheric pressure were iso-C(15:0), C(16:1), iso-C(17:0), and iso-C(17:1). As the growth pressure increased, the propor...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.3.924-926.1993
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (R)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (RdpA) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (S)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (SdpA), which are involved in the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH, were expressed and purified as His6-tagged fusion proteins from Escherichia...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02758-05
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A small spirillum, designated 5175, was isolated from an anaerobic enrichment culture for Desulfuromonas in which the major medium constituents were acetate and elemental sulfur. The organisms grew only under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Elemental sulfur was formed anaerobically in a malate-sulfide medium,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.2.427-433.1977
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mercury resistance (mer) operon of plasmid R100 was cloned onto various plasmid vectors to study the effect of mer gene amplification on the rate of Hg2+ reduction by Escherichia coli cells. The plasmids were maintained at copy numbers ranging from 3 to 140 copies per cell. The overall Hg2+ reduction rate of intac...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.12.3558-3564.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids causes potential biosafety and clinical hazards, such as the possibility of horizontal spread of resistance genes or the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This paper introduces a novel auxotrophy complementation system that allowed plasmids and host ce...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02462-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms which are derived from a bacteriophage genome are termed Per (phage-encoded resistance). When present in trans in Lactococcus lactis NCK203, Per50, the cloned origin of replication from phage phi50, interferes with phi50 replication. The per50 fragment was found to afford negligible...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.8.2449-2456.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mode of action of purified aminopeptidase N from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 on a complex peptide mixture of a tryptic digest from bovine beta-casein was analyzed. The oligopeptides produced in the tryptic digest before and after aminopeptidase N treatment were identified by analysis of the N- and C-ter...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.5.1430-1436.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primers obtained from gene sequences coding for heat shock proteins (HSP) were used to specifically detect enteric protozoans of the genus Giardia. The HSP primers amplified Giardia DNA or the corresponding RNA sequences obtained from lysed cysts and gave a 163-bp product. Since the presence of the product did not ind...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.1.324-328.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus thermophilus is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that has the ability to grow and survive in aerobic environments, but the mechanism for this remains unclear. In this study, the efeB gene, encoding a dye-decolorizing peroxidase, was identified in the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus CGMCC 7.179, and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01300-15
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reductive dechlorination of the ortho moiety of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as of meta and para moieties is shown to occur in anaerobic enrichments of Baltimore Harbor sediments. These estuarine sediments ortho dechlorinated 2,3,5,6-chlorinated biphenyl (CB), 2,3,5-CB, and 2,3,6-CB in freshwater or estuar...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.7.2534-2539.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four DNA probes were derived that hybridized specifically to DNA from Lactobacillus acidophilus O. The probes were constructed by randomly cloning lactobacillus DNA in plasmid vector pBR322. Two of the probes (pSR1 and pSR2) were composed of vector and plasmid DNA inserts (3.6 and 1.6 kb, respectively); the others (pS...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.11.3871-3877.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determination of microbial viability by the plate count method is routine in microbiology laboratories worldwide. However, limitations of the technique, particularly with respect to environmental microorganisms, are widely recognized. Many alternatives based upon viability staining have been proposed, and these are of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/AEM.00744-11
更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A homokaryotic, clavine alkaloid-producing strain of ergot, Claviceps sp. strain SD 58, was used in an attempt to demonstrate parasexuality. Genetically marked auxotrophic strains were produced by mutation with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Protoplast fusion of pairs of unlike doubly auxotrophic strains and is...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.1.70-73.1987
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00