Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Root canal treatment forms an essential part of general dental practice. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics due to its ability to dissolve organic soft tissues in the root canal system and its action as a potent antimicrobial agent. Although NaOCl accidents created by extrusion of the irrigant through root apices are relatively rare and are seldom life-threatening, they do create substantial morbidity when they occur. METHODS:To date, NaOCl accidents have only been published as isolated case reports. Although previous studies have attempted to summarise the symptoms involved in these case reports, there was no endeavour to analyse the distribution of soft tissue distribution in those reports. In this review, the anatomy of a classical NaOCl accident that involves facial swelling and ecchymosis is discussed. RESULTS:By summarising the facial manifestations presented in previous case reports, a novel hypothesis that involves intravenous infusion of extruded NaOCl into the facial vein via non-collapsible venous sinusoids within the cancellous bone is presented. CONCLUSIONS:Understanding the mechanism involved in precipitating a classic NaOCl accident will enable the profession to make the best decision regarding the choice of irrigant delivery techniques in root canal débridement, and for manufacturers to design and improve their irrigation systems to achieve maximum safety and efficient cleanliness of the root canal system.
journal_name
J Dentjournal_title
Journal of dentistryauthors
Zhu WC,Gyamfi J,Niu LN,Schoeffel GJ,Liu SY,Santarcangelo F,Khan S,Tay KC,Pashley DH,Tay FRdoi
10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-01 00:00:00pages
935-48issue
11eissn
0300-5712issn
1879-176Xpii
S0300-5712(13)00216-9journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of hydrothermal aging (H), mechanical cycling (M), and the combination of hydrothermal plus mechanical cycling (H+M) on biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and microstructure of two monolithic zirconias, indicated for anterior (AMZ) or posterior restorations (PMZ) and a conventional zircon...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.021
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study concerned the temperature and linear dimensional change of heat-cured acrylic resin in the two-stage processing technique for complete dentures. METHODS:Thermocouples were incorporated in the acrylic resin for recording temperatures. Measurements between reference marks were made by a high-resolu...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-5712(95)91190-x
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Reattachment of the avulsed enamel-dentine coronal fragment to the remaining tooth structure has become an accepted clinical alternative to a resin composite build-up for the restoration of crown fractured teeth. Since little knowledge exists as to the pulpal response to this procedure, this study was design...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-5712(98)00003-7
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel multifunctional composite with nanoparticles of silver (NAg), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); and (2) investigate biofilm-inhibition ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of three manual toothbrushes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. METHODS:The elmex Sensitive Extra Soft (ESES), elmex Sensitive Soft (ESS) and an ADA standard toothbrush (ADAS) were evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Subjects brushed twice daily in their usual manner....
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2007.04.005
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:During laboratory fabrication procedures and/or clinical adjustments, pressable materials: IPS Empress and Empress 2, may be ground, polished or sandblasted. These treatments may affect their strength by introducing microscopic flaws and defects. This study investigates the effect of these procedures on the ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2003.08.006
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This paper reports the findings of a study on the roles of dental nurses in cross-infection control in general dental practices and who were undergoing training for their initial certificate. The research aimed to find out what factors in their vocation gave them satisfaction, what caused stress and the bear...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-5712(95)00094-1
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Methacrylic compounds such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) are largely present in auto- or photopolymerizable composite resins. Since the polymerization reaction is never complete, these...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2006.07.008
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis, derived from a previous short-term (7-day) assessment, that the absence of conventional pulp protection is not responsible for long-term pulp complications of composite resin restorations with self-etching adhesives. METHODS:All 150 patients who received the restorations with self-etc...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2007.02.005
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that investigated changes in perceived quality of life following vital tooth bleaching. METHODS:Online searches (Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane database of systemic reviews and Google scholar), bibliographic, and manual searches were carried out. ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.007
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study determined the shear bond strength of a nanohybrid composite resin to bleached enamel immediately or 15 days later using different adhesive systems and laser application. METHODS:One hundred and forty enamel specimens were prepared from human molar teeth and bleached either with 16% carbamide peroxi...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2009.03.012
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the immediate and 6-month resin-dentin micro-bond strength (microTBS) of one-step self-etch systems (Adper Prompt L-Pop [AD] 3M ESPE; Xeno III [XE] Dentsply De Trey; iBond [iB] Heraeus Kulzer) under different application modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Dentin oclusal surfaces were exposed ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2008.01.018
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) has antibacterial activity before polymerization. Furthermore, the antibacterial agent is immobilized by the polymerization of MDPB and the resin-based material incorporating MDPB is able to show an antibacterial effect even after being cured. The pur...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-5712(97)00013-4
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Systemic conditions may affect host susceptibility, disease progression and severity as well as treatment response. Previously, low oestrogen (E(2)) levels were associated with increased bone resorption, due to increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased osteoclast apoptosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an essen...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.013
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine whether conventional black tea and a herbal tea were capable of eroding dental enamel. A further aim was to investigate whether herbal tea of the type tested eroded dental hard tissues to a greater or lesser extent than conventional black tea. METHODS:Three groups of 2...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-5712(01)00044-6
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the effects of surface preparation and the application time of adhesives on the resin-dentine bond strengths with universal adhesives. METHODS:Sixty molars were cut to exposed mid-coronal dentine and divided into 12 groups (n=5) based on three factors; (1) adhesive: G-Premio Bond (GP, GC...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2016.02.001
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A low pH environment is created by cariogenic bacteria. This study was aimed to measure pH of carious lesions intraorally using a micro-pH sensor, and assess predominant acid-producing cariogens by qPCR to differentiate caries activities. METHODS:103 dentine lesions classified as active or arrested caries b...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2011.12.013
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of saliva substitutes on enamel erosion in vitro. METHODS:A total of 204 bovine enamel samples were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated to 17 groups (n=12). The specimens were eroded in an artificial mouth (3 days; 6×30 s/days, flow rate: 2 ml/min) using citric acid (pH: 2.5). ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2014.03.012
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs), cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH), and gingival recession (GR), besides the relationship among these conditions in a specific Brazilian sample population. METHODS:185 patients who attended the "A...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.017
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore the association between frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and caries increment over 4 years in adults. A second objective was to explore whether the association between frequency of SSB consumption and caries increment varied by socio-demographic characteristics and use o...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.011
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-fluoride toothpastes with calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) on enamel remineralization in situ. METHODS:Volunteers (n=10) wore palatal devices holding four bovine enamel blocks. The treatments involved 5 experimental phases of 3 days each according to the followi...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2014.09.001
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the permeability of the occlusal and the cervical dentinal regions within the same tooth, which represent the bottom of Class I and V cavities, respectively, with two different compositions of perfusion fluid, in vitro. METHODS:An occlusal and a buccal disc were cut from each extracted third molar...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-5712(02)00005-2
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:to determine the mode of light transmission and its impact on the polymerisation kinetic in modern bulk-fill resin-based composites (B-RBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Four low-viscosity methacrylate-based and one high-viscosity ormocer-based B-RBCs were considered. One material was available in three different ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.017
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the influence of tooth bleaching on the opalescence properties of enamel. METHODS:Color of 38 specimens was determined by colorimetric analysis before and after bleaching in the reflectance and transmittance modes. The results were described as CIELab color coordinates. The Opalescent Parameter ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.011
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVES.: To compare the safety and plaque removal efficacy of two oscillating/rotating/pulsating toothbrushes (Oral-B ProfessionalCaretrade mark 7000 [PC 7000] and Oral-B 3D Excel [3DE]) and a high-frequency toothbrush (Sonicare(R) Advance, Philips Oral Healthcare; SA) in a single-use, examiner-blind, three period...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the effect of a chromium interlayer deposited by electroplating on the adhesion between titanium and porcelain by means of strain energy release rate (G-value (J/m(2)) or interfacial toughness). METHODS:Seventy rectangular specimens of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) plates grade II ...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Manufacturers are adding fluoride (F) to calcium-containing chewing gums to further promote enamel remineralization. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and fluoride on remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions, in a d...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.009
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Soy beverages are water extracts of whole soybeans and are often promoted as a healthy alternative to bovine milk. Little analysis has been carried out to determine the effects of soy beverages on oral health, especially their potential acidogenicity. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the po...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2012.05.004
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Acrylic resins, used in the manufacturing of different types of intra-oral prostheses, are vulnerable to colonisation by microorganisms which potentially endanger the general health of the prostheses, wearers. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a novel coating (Parylene) on surface rou...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.011
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare four finishing/polishing systems (F/P) on surface roughness and gloss of different resin composites. METHODS:A total of 40 disc samples (15 mm × 3 mm) were prepared from a nanofill - Filtek Supreme Plus (FS) and a micro-hybrid resin composite - Esthet-X (EX). Following 2...
journal_title：Journal of dentistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.006
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
