Abstract:
:In the ocean, the chemical forms of nitrogen that are readily available for biological use (known collectively as 'fixed' nitrogen) fuel the global phytoplankton productivity that exports carbon to the deep ocean. Accordingly, variation in the oceanic fixed nitrogen reservoir has been proposed as a cause of glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Marine nitrogen fixation, which produces most of the ocean's fixed nitrogen, is thought to be affected by multiple factors, including ocean temperature and the availability of iron and phosphorus. Here we reconstruct changes in North Atlantic nitrogen fixation over the past 160,000 years from the shell-bound nitrogen isotope ratio ((15)N/(14)N) of planktonic foraminifera in Caribbean Sea sediments. The observed changes cannot be explained by reconstructed changes in temperature, the supply of (iron-bearing) dust or water column denitrification. We identify a strong, roughly 23,000-year cycle in nitrogen fixation and suggest that it is a response to orbitally driven changes in equatorial Atlantic upwelling, which imports 'excess' phosphorus (phosphorus in stoichiometric excess of fixed nitrogen) into the tropical North Atlantic surface. In addition, we find that nitrogen fixation was reduced during glacial stages 6 and 4, when North Atlantic Deep Water had shoaled to become glacial North Atlantic intermediate water, which isolated the Atlantic thermocline from excess phosphorus-rich mid-depth waters that today enter from the Southern Ocean. Although modern studies have yielded diverse views of the controls on nitrogen fixation, our palaeobiogeochemical data suggest that excess phosphorus is the master variable in the North Atlantic Ocean and indicate that the variations in its supply over the most recent glacial cycle were dominated by the response of regional ocean circulation to the orbital cycles.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Straub M,Sigman DM,Ren H,Martínez-García A,Meckler AN,Hain MP,Haug GHdoi
10.1038/nature12397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-12 00:00:00pages
200-3issue
7466eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature12397journal_volume
501pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07410-0
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interneuronal messenger nitric oxide (NO) may play a central role in the processing of olfactory information. Several circuit elements in the mammalian olfactory bulb contain NO synthase or its functional equivalent, NADPH diaphorase. The effects of NO on cellular excitability or circuit dynamics in the olfactory ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/369061a0
更新日期:1994-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation of transient increases in intracellular calcium (Cai2+) activates protein kinases, regulates transcription and influences motility and morphology. Developing neurons generate spontaneous Cai2+ transients, but their role in directing neuronal differentiation and the way in which they encode information are ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/375784a0
更新日期:1995-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic da...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/nature14618
更新日期:2015-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Muscarinic receptors of cardiac pacemaker and atrial cells are linked to a potassium channel (IK.ACh) by a pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein. The dissociation of G-proteins leads to the generation of two potential transducing elements, alpha-GTP and beta gamma. IK.ACh is activated by G-protein alpha- and b...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/337557a0
更新日期:1989-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::All of the DNA synthesis genes of budding yeast examined so far are periodically expressed and hence under cell-cycle control (Table 1). Expression occurs near the G1/S phase boundary and the genes seem to be coordinately regulated (reviewed in ref. 4). The upstream promoter sequences of these genes have only a hexame...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/350247a0
更新日期:1991-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Self-assembled polyhedral structures are common in biology. The coats of many viruses, for example, have a structure based on icosahedral symmetry. The preparation of synthetic polyhedral molecular assemblies represents a challenging problem, but supramolecular chemistry has now advanced to the point where the task ma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/19740
更新日期:1999-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells line the inner surface of blood vessels and act as the main barrier to the passage of cells and large molecules from the blood stream to the tissues. Recent interest in the part played by the endothelium in regulating vascular tone has focused on the synthesis and secretion of prostacyclin and an end...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/325811a0
更新日期:1987-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) requires high levels of hedgehog (HH) signalling through the transcription factor GLI. Although inhibitors of membrane protein smoothened (SMO) effectively suppress HH signalling, early tumour resistance illustrates the need for additional downstream targets for therapy. Here we ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11889
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The collagens represent an interesting example of a structurally related but genetically distinct family of proteins. Type I, the most abundant of the vertebrate collagens, comprises two pro alpha 1(I) chains and one pro alpha 2(I) chain, each containing terminal propeptides and a central domain of 338 (Gly, X, Y) rep...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/310337a0
更新日期:1984-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib are approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancers harbouring activating mutations in the EGFR kinase, but resistance arises rapidly, most frequently owing to the secondary T790M mutation withi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17960
更新日期:2016-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer with an inherent potential for lymph node colonization, which is generally preceded by neolymphangiogenesis. However, sentinel lymph node removal does not necessarily extend the overall survival of patients with melanoma. Moreover, lymphatic vessels collapse and become dysfunctio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22977
更新日期:2017-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concern about how loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystems has stimulated numerous studies. Although most studies have assumed that species go extinct randomly, species often go extinct in order of their sensitivity to a stress that intensifies through time (such as climate change). Here we show that the co...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02515
更新日期:2004-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::For many pathogens the availability of genome sequence, permitting genome-dependent methods of research, can partially substitute for powerful forward genetic methods (genome-independent) that have advanced model organism research for decades. In 2002 the genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature07361
更新日期:2008-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::When an intense laser pulse is focused into a gas, the light-atom interaction that occurs as atoms are ionized results in an extremely nonlinear optical process--the generation of high harmonics of the driving laser frequency. Harmonics that extend up to orders of about 300 have been reported, some corresponding to ph...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35018029
更新日期:2000-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::In this Letter, in Fig. 3c and f the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli networks were subject to both weight loss and node deletion, a combination of two types of perturbation, as opposed to weight loss only (as the labelling incorrectly indicated). The collapse in Fig. 3h was also obtained from this combin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1091-9
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A chimaeric gene, consisting of the 5'-flanking region of a member of the Pisum sativum gene family encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase linked to the coding region of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, has been introduced into the genome of the plant Nicotiana tabacum using a Ti plasmid of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/310115a0
更新日期:1984-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::Dominant alleles at the agouti locus (A) cause an obesity syndrome in the mouse, as a consequence of ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. This peptide, normally only found in the skin, is a high-affinity antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1-R), thus explaining the inhibitory effect of ag...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385165a0
更新日期:1997-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Optical structures with periodic variations of the dielectric constant in one or more directions (photonic crystals) have been employed extensively for studying optical diffraction phenomena. Practical interest in such structures arises from the possibilities they offer for tailoring photon modes, and thereby the char...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35038026
更新日期:2000-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIIH is composed of several polypeptides. The observation that the largest subunit of TFIIH is the excision-repair protein XPB/ERCC3 (ref. 1), a helicase implicated in the human DNA-repair disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne's syndrome, suggests a funct...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/368769a0
更新日期:1994-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a blueprint for effective vaccination. Here we report the isola...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12053
更新日期:2013-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Volatile anaesthetics have historically been considered to act in a nonspecific manner on the central nervous system. More recent studies, however, have revealed that the receptors for inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are sensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/38738
更新日期:1997-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB by stimulating the activity of a protein kinase that phosphorylates IkappaB, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, at sites that trigger its ubiquitination and degradation. This results in the nuclear translocation of freed NF-kappaB dimers and the activation...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/26261
更新日期:1998-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::A long-standing problem in managing the behaviour of a collection of solid grains concerns the nature of the grain packing, a property that is typically controlled by how the grains are poured or shaken. Here we show that a systematic and controllable increase in granular packing can be induced by simply raising and t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/442257a
更新日期:2006-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional structure of the 66-amino acid cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda suggests how it binds to its operator DNA. We propose that a dimer of cro protein is bound to the B-form of DNA with the 2-fold axis of the dimer coincident with the 2-fold axis of DNA. A pair of 2-fold-related alpha-hel...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/290754a0
更新日期:1981-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones and retinoic acid function through nuclear receptors that belong to the steroid/thyroid-hormone receptor superfamily. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) require auxiliary nuclear proteins for efficient DNA binding. Here we report that retinoid X receptors RXR alpha is o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/355441a0
更新日期:1992-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Microcrystals of the lipoprotein-phosphoprotein complex which are found in the oocytes of Xenopus laevis were examined using electron microscopy. Analysis of Fourier transforms of the images of the (010) and (001) projections showed the space group to be P2(1)22(1). Ten projections were combined to produce a map of th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/272028a0
更新日期:1978-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination has proved a powerful defence against a range of infectious diseases of humans and animals. However, its potential to control major epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in livestock is contentious. Using an individual farm-based model, we consider either national prophylactic vaccination campaigns in ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01343
更新日期:2003-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies were raised against antibodies to distinct carboxy-terminal KDEL sequences of two soluble, resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins. These anti-idiotype reagents recognize an intrinsic membrane protein with characteristics expected of a receptor responsible for the recognition and return of reside...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/345495a0
更新日期:1990-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T-cell repertoire requires appropriate interpretation of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals by CD4(+ ) CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Thymocyte cell fate is dictated by the nature of TCR-major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC)-peptide interactions, with signals of higher...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09848
更新日期:2011-04-07 00:00:00