Abstract：
:Loss of vision in severe retinal degenerations often is a result of photoreceptor cell or retinal pigment epithelial cell death or dysfunction. Cell replacement therapy has the potential to restore useful vision for these individuals especially after they have lost most or all of their light-sensing cells in the eye. A reliable, well-characterized source of retinal cells will be needed for replacement purposes. Human embryonic stem cells (ES cells) can provide an unlimited source of replacement retinal cells to take over the function of lost cells in the eye. The author's intent for this review is to provide an historical overview of the field of embryonic stem cells with relation to the retina. The review will provide a quick primer on key pathways involved in the development of the neural retina and RPE followed by a discussion of the various protocols out in the literature for generating these cells from non-human and human embryonic stem cells and end with in vivo application of ES cell-derived photoreceptors and RPE cells.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Reynolds J,Lamba DAdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
151-60eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(13)00200-5journal_volume
123pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a potentially blinding fibrotic complication. It is caused by the formation and contraction of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) that ultimately lead to retinal folds and traction retinal detachments. While multiple cell types have been identified in ERMs, retinal pigment epithelial ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.008
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to determine whether neuronal cell death in the retina accompanies senescence, retinas from pigmented ACI rats of various ages were analysed for changes in dimensions, cell densities, DNA content, and rhodopsin levels. Between the ages of 4 and 30 months, there were significant declines in the densities of nu...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(86)90022-9
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple species of mucins are synthesized and secreted by corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. These mucins are vital components of the tear film protecting the ocular surface from the external environment by providing a physical and chemical barrier. The release of mucins must be tightly regulated as both muci...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2003.10.005
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histopathological features of uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated using light and electron microscopy. Lewis rats were immunized by spinal cord homogenate, complete Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis. The eyes of rats with EAE exhibited va...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1993.1024
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for the isolation and purification of human ocular mucin from the brief saline extract of human ocular mucus is reported. Initial purification of ocular mucin was achieved by sequential chromatography of the saline-soluble mucus extract from an individual donor's mucus pool on columns of Sephadex G-50 and Sep...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(88)90002-4
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lacrimal glands of male NOD mice exhibit many of the features of the human lacrimal gland in patients afflicted with the autoimmune disease, Sjögren's syndrome, including loss of secretory functions and lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal gland. To elucidate the early changes in the secretory pathway associ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.04.019
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We wished to conduct a light and electron microscopic investigation of pigmentation within the trabecular meshwork of normals and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. In particular we wished to get a precise determination of whether there was a relationship between pigmentation and age. In addition we wanted t...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.10.009
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An aqueous solution of a pigmented glucoside associated with human lens protein, 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone-O-beta-D-glucoside (AHA-Glc), was irradiated with near UV-light. The near UV-irradiated glucoside was shown to generate a much lower level of active species of molecular oxygen as compared to the level of the...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2004.09.004
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Careful control of iron availability in the retina is central to maintenance of iron homeostasis, as its imbalance is associated with oxidative stress and the progression of several retinopathies. Ferritin, known for its role in iron storage and detoxification, has also been proposed as an iron-transporter protein, th...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2020.108292
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small percentage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) express melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Whether light can affect the development of ipRGCs is not clear. In the rat retina, we found constant light exposure during the first postnatal week significantly increased the number of melanopsin imm...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.011
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) previously has been shown to stimulate short-term survival in vitro of cells derived from the native amphibian retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In the present experiments, we have examined intracellular signaling pathways responsible for mediating these survival-specific growth factor ef...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2004.02.017
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several scleral cross-linking (SXL) methods were suggested to increase the biomechanical stiffness of scleral tissue and therefore, to inhibit axial eye elongation in progressive myopia. In addition to scleral cross-linking and biomechanical effects caused by riboflavin and light irradiation such a treatment might ind...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.07.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the ophthalmological clinic, intravitreally applied antibodies or Fc-containing fusion proteins are frequently used, but the biology and pharmacokinetics of these therapeutics in the retina are not well understood. We have previously shown intracellular uptake of Fc-containing molecules in RPE cells. In this study,...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.12.013
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Müller cells can completely repair retinal injury by acting as endogenous stem/progenitor cells in lower-order vertebrates. However, a safe and effective approach to activate progenitor potential of retinal Müller cells in higher-order vertebrates, which rarely re-enter the cell cycle, is a bottleneck problem. In the ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.03.008. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.012
更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxyradicals probably play a major role in a number of specific pathological conditions of intraocular tissues, such as cataract formation and retinal degeneration. This paper reviews some of the mechanistic concepts relating to tissue damage by highly reactive oxidants derived from endogenous precursors, hydrogen pero...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(84)90075-7
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrences of herpetic stromal keratitis are believed to be initiated by reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, probably in the trigeminal ganglion. Genetic features of the virus and the host as well as the immune status of the host influence the outcome of infection. Following infection on the snout with HS...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(92)90146-j
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the ability of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to detect blood retinal barrier (BRB) damage in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). DCE-MRI with 0.1 mmol Gd-DTPA was used to measure BRB permeability in 10 healthy and visually normal subjects and eight patients with DME, ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.01.015
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental study was conducted on eight litters of newborn rats to evaluate the effects of supplemental oxygen administration on the retinal vasculature. The animals and their mothers were kept inside a pressure chamber and treated for the first 5 days of life. On the sixth day, they were removed and kept for fiv...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80179-3
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maintenance of cellular calcium levels is critical to cell function. Loss of calcium homeostasis might be a contributing factor to the development of cataract in the lens. In lens epithelium, calcium is involved in cell signaling and its precise regulation is vital. In this study, we investigated the regulation of sar...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.2002.2049
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagen was isolated from bovine cornea and tested for reactivity towards platelets and IgG-coated polystyrene latex particles. The corneal collagen caused a dose- and temperature-dependent platelet aggregation in all human platelet-rich plasmas studied. As little as 0 . 31 micrograms of purified corneal collagen cou...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(83)90122-7
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve produced ocular vasoconstrictor responses as measured from the anterior choroid of anesthetized cats using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Ipsilateral nictitating membrane contractions were simultaneously measured as an established index of neural sympath...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1993.1146
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural biomaterial and has excellent biochemical and physical properties with a history of proven biocompatibility in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent reports of fibrin-based matrices have offered new opportunities to apply PRF as a supplement for in vi...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2018.04.013
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lysosomal proteases cathepsin B and dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II) were identified biochemically in the supernatant fraction of rat and guinea-pig lens homogenates, using as substrates CBZ-Arg-Arg-4-methylcoumarin-7-amide (AMC) (5 microM, pH 6.0, 37 degrees C for cathepsin B, and Lys-Ala-AMC or Lys-Pro-AMC (5 mi...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80038-6
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a result of longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), longer wavelengths are blurred when shorter wavelengths are in focus, and vice versa. As a result, LCA affects the color and temporal aspects of the retinal image with hyperopic defocus. In this experiment, we investigated how the sensitivity to temporal color co...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2020.108331
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central retinal artery (CRA) is the main vessel for inner retinal oxygen and nutrition supply. While the intraocular branches lack autonomic innervation, the innervation pattern of the extra-ocular part of this vessel along its course within the optic nerve is poorly investigated. This part however is essential fo...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.020
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lipid composition of retinal pigment epithelial cells was determined for normal cells which have full phagocytic ability and for a genetic variant with impaired phagocytic function. Retinal pigment epithelial cells from 9-14-day-old congenic strains of normal (RCS-rdy+) and dystrophic (RCS-rdy/rdy) rats were separ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80006-9
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stromal transparency is a critical factor contributing to normal function of the visual system. Corneal injury, surgery, disease and infection elicit complex wound healing responses that serve to protect against insults and maintain the integrity of the cornea, and subsequently to restore corneal structure and transpa...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.013
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal degenerations, regardless of the initiating event or gene defect, often result in a loss of photoreceptors. This formal deafferentation of the neural retina eliminates the intrinsic glutamatergic drive of the sensory retina and, perhaps more importantly, removes coordinated Ca++-coupled signaling to the neural...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.03.006
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunofluorescent imaging is an indispensable technique to study morphology and molecular aspects in tissues. Classical approaches make it necessary to cut physical sections of tissue samples to overcome the limited penetration depth of light, restricting the available information to two dimensions. Recent advances in...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.001
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
