Scientific and ethical issues related to stem cell research and interventions in neurodegenerative disorders of the brain.

abstract：:Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cellular uptake, storage as well as export of copper have to be tightly regulated in order to guarantee sufficient copper ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Scheiber IF,Mercer JF,Dringen R

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral p...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Korzeniewska A,Wang Y,Benz HL,Fifer MS,Collard M,Milsap G,Cervenka MC,Martin A,Gotts SJ,Crone NE

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are characterized by tissue and mitochondrial changes that compromise brain function. Alterations can include increased reactive oxygen species production and impaired antioxidant capacity with a consequent increase in oxidative damage, mi...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Marques-Aleixo I,Oliveira PJ,Moreira PI,Magalhães J,Ascensão A

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter deals with the central role that Sir John Eccles played in the elucidation of the mechanisms of synaptic transmission within the central nervous system during the three decades between the late 1930s and 1966. His seminal discoveries involved studies of synaptic input to spinal motoneurons using intracell...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Burke RE

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electrophysiological alterations provoked by axotomy have now been studied for almost half a century, in a number of different cell types. Consequently, it is now possible to detail some common mechanisms underlying these changes and to sort out certain trends in the data. The major phenomena reviewed in this sect...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Titmus MJ,Faber DS

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue-specific alternative splicing profoundly effects animal physiology, development and disease, and this is nowhere more evident than in the nervous system. Alternative splicing is a versatile form of genetic control whereby a common pre-mRNA is processed into multiple mRNA isoforms differing in their precise comb...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Grabowski PJ,Black DL

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review suggests that a previously unrecognized spinal cord pathway may be of major importance in the conduction of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) from the lower limb in Man. The nerve fiber type activated by a "typical" peripheral nerve stimulus used in studying the SEP will activate the posterior tibia...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： York DH

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the treatment and management of neuropathic pain are extremely complicated, the characterization of novel analgesics and neuroprotectors with safe toxicological profiles is a crucial need to develop efficient therapies. Several investigations revealed that the natural neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP) exerts ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Patte-Mensah C,Meyer L,Taleb O,Mensah-Nyagan AG

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive neuroscientists in the late 20th century began the task of identifying the part(s) of the brain concerned with normal behavior as manifest in the psychological capacities as affective powers, reasoning, behaving purposively and the pursuit of goals, following introduction of the 'functional magnetic resonanc...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Bennett MR,Hatton S,Hermens DF,Lagopoulos J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the psychological level, the notion that emotional events may be better remembered is a long accepted view. Its translation into neurobiological mechanisms has led to the proposal of the 'emotional tag' concept, according to which, the activation of the amygdala by emotionality would result in modulation of neural ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Bergado JA,Lucas M,Richter-Levin G

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging of the human brain is associated with "normal" functional, structural, and molecular changes that underlie alterations in cognition, memory, mood and motor function, amongst other processes. Normal aging also imposes a robust constraint on the onset of many neurological diseases, ranging from late onset neurodeg...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Glorioso C,Sibille E

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present article, we review the many facets of mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease due to loss of upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons in brainstem and spinal cord. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that th...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Cozzolino M,Carrì MT

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) constitute a unique population of glia that accompany and ensheath the primary olfactory axons. They are thought to be critical for spontaneous growth of olfactory axons within the developing and adult olfactory nervous system, and have recently emerged as potential candidates for ce...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Su Z,He C

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transplantation of cells that secrete neuroactive substances with analgesic properties into the CNS is a novel method that challenges current approaches in treating chronic pain. This review covers pre-clinical and clinical studies from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources. One cell source that has been utilized...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Czech KA,Sagen J

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Not later than two synapses after their arrival in the cerebellar cortex all excitatory afferent signals are subsequently transformed into inhibitory ones. Guaranteed by the exceedingly ordered and stereotyped synaptic arrangement of its cellular elements, the cerebellar cortex transmits this inhibitory result of cere...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Grüsser-Cornehls U,Bäurle J

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It seems likely that the Alzheimer disease (AD)-related dendritic changes addressed in this article are induced by two principally different processes. One process is linked to the plastic response associated with deafferentation, that is, long-lasting transneuronally induced regressive changes in dendritic geometry a...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Anderton BH,Callahan L,Coleman P,Davies P,Flood D,Jicha GA,Ohm T,Weaver C

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Removal from receptors of neurotransmitters just released into synapses is one of the major steps in neurotransmission. Transporters situated on the plasma membrane of nerve endings and glial cells perform the process of neurotransmitter (re)uptake. Because the density of transporters in the membranes can fluctuate, t...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Raiteri L,Raiteri M

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endogenous circadian rhythms govern most aspects of physiology and behaviour in mammals, including body temperature, autonomic and endocrine function, and sleep-wake cycles. Such rhythms are generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), but are synchronised to the environmental light-dark cycle b...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Ebling FJ

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain circuitry of saccadic eye movements, from brainstem to cortex, has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. The wealth of data gathered allowed the conception of numerous computational models. These models proposed descriptions of the putative mechanisms generating this data, and, in turn, made pre...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Girard B,Berthoz A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the application of information-theoretical analysis, employing measures of entropy and mutual information, for the study of aging and aging-related diseases. The research of aging and aging-related diseases is particularly suitable for the application of information theory methods, as aging proces...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Blokh D,Stambler I

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. It is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the nigrostriatal pathways involved in the control of movement. Since the introduction of L-DOPA as a therapy in the mid-1960s, clinical management of the symptoms has progressed, but...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Toulouse A,Sullivan AM

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The scientific understanding of preproglucagon derived peptides has provided people with type 2 diabetes with two novel classes of glucose lowering agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. For the scientists, the novel GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors have evolved as us...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Vrang N,Larsen PJ

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeoproteins are well known for their role in defining the shape of organs during early development. The late expression of some homeogenes in the nervous system suggests that they might have other, additional functions, possibly in neurite growth and target recognition. The 60 amino acid-long peptide corresponding t...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Joliot A,Le Roux I,Volovitch M,Bloch-Gallego E,Prochiantz A

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An understanding of how axons elongate is needed to develop rational strategies to treat neurological diseases and nerve injury. Growth cone-mediated neuronal elongation is currently viewed as occurring through cytoskeletal dynamics involving the polymerization of actin and tubulin subunits at the tip of the axon. How...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Suter DM,Miller KE

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition is the process by which a subject is aware that a stimulus has been previously experienced. It requires that the characteristics of events are perceived, discriminated, identified and then compared (matched) against a memory of the characteristics of previously experienced events. Understanding recognition...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Steckler T,Drinkenburg WH,Sahgal A,Aggleton JP

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term neuropeptides commonly refers to a relatively large number of biologically active molecules that have been localized to discrete cell populations of central and peripheral neurons. I review here the most important histological and functional findings on neuropeptide distribution in the central nervous system ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Merighi A

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neocortex, the neuronal structure at the base of the remarkable cognitive skills of mammals, is a layered sheet of neuronal tissue composed of juxtaposed and interconnected columns. A cortical column is considered the basic module of cortical processing present in all cortical areas. It is believed to contain a charac...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Feldmeyer D,Brecht M,Helmchen F,Petersen CC,Poulet JF,Staiger JF,Luhmann HJ,Schwarz C

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloning of K(Ca)2 channels revealed three subtypes, with each displaying distinct but partially overlapping expression distributions in the mammalian CNS and periphery. Activation of K(Ca)2 channels leads to membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of action potential firing. Block of K(Ca)2 channels has been sug...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Weatherall KL,Goodchild SJ,Jane DE,Marrion NV

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular proteolytic mechanism controlling the degradation of misfolded/abnormal proteins. A common hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in other neurodegenerative disorders is the accumulation of misfolded/abnormal proteins into the damaged neuron...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Bendotti C,Marino M,Cheroni C,Fontana E,Crippa V,Poletti A,De Biasi S

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New findings obtained during the past years, especially the discovery of mutations in the genes associated with brain iron metabolism, have provided key insights into the homeostatic mechanisms of brain iron metabolism and the pathological mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulated evidence...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Ke Y,Qian ZM

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00