Abstract：
:This chapter deals with the central role that Sir John Eccles played in the elucidation of the mechanisms of synaptic transmission within the central nervous system during the three decades between the late 1930s and 1966. His seminal discoveries involved studies of synaptic input to spinal motoneurons using intracellular recording via glass micropipettes after their introduction in the late 1940s. After defending the hypothesis that electrical currents alone explained central synaptic events, his observations of reversal potentials and sensitivity to ion injections instantly converted Eccles to the idea that central synapses generate postsynaptic potentials, designated IPSPs and EPSPs, by liberating chemical transmitters. He and his collaborators used pharmacological manipulations of recurrent inhibition to support the idea that a given neuron liberates the same chemical transmitter substance at all of its synapses, which he called "Dale's Principle". His team worked out the mechanisms and spinal circuits underlying disynaptic and recurrent inhibition, as well as those of presynaptic inhibition. Not content with the view that central synapses were static entities, Eccles also made seminal observations on synaptic plasticity induced by alterations in use and disuse. Although his firmly held belief that the extensive dendritic trees of motoneurons were essentially irrelevant to synaptic events at the soma was later refuted by others in the mid-1960s, Eccles stands as a towering figure in the history of neuroscience. His prodigious energy and commanding intellect gave the field of central synaptic transmission the conceptual bases that have guided it for over 40 years.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Burke REdoi
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.02.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
173-88issue
3-5eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
S0301-0082(06)00019-0journal_volume
78pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:The freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS)-containing "nitroxergic" (NO-ergic) neurons, is unique among classical synaptic chemical transmitters because of its "non-specificity", molecular "NO-receptors" (e.g. guanylyl cyclase, iron complexes, nitrosylated proteins or DNA) in tar...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00062-7
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children. In adulthood, it may contribute to the significant asso...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(01)00018-1
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and functional properties of the mammalian subiculum in this paper. The subiculum is a pivotal structure positioned between the hippocampus proper and entorhinal and other cortices, as well as a range of subcortical structures. It is an under-investigated region that p...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00054-x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that afflicts 1 in 2000 individuals and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy-a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by positive emotions. Features of narcolepsy include dysregulation of arousal state boundaries as well as autonomic and metabolic disturban...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.002
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) occur in psychotic disorders, but also as a symptom of other conditions and even in healthy people. Several current theories on the origin of AVH converge, with neuroimaging studies suggesting that the language, auditory and memory/limbic networks are of particular relevance. Howev...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.11.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous circadian rhythms govern most aspects of physiology and behaviour in mammals, including body temperature, autonomic and endocrine function, and sleep-wake cycles. Such rhythms are generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), but are synchronised to the environmental light-dark cycle b...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00032-9
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-supervised models of how the brain represents and categorises the causes of its sensory input can be divided into two classes: those that minimise the mutual information (i.e. redundancy) among evoked responses and those that minimise the prediction error. Although these models have similar goals, the way they ar...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00076-x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunocytochemical mapping studies employing the extensively used monoclonal anti-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antibody M35 are reviewed. We focus on three neuronal muscarinic cholinoceptive substrates, which are target regions of the cholinergic basal forebrain system intimately involved in cognitive fun...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00092-6
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive time-consuming behaviors classified into three to five distinct symptom dimensions including: (1) aggressive/somatic obsessions with checking compulsions; (2) contamination concerns with washing compulsions; (3) symmet...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid developments in medical neuroimaging have made it possible to reconstruct the trajectory of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as it spreads through the living brain. The current review focuses on the progressive signature of brain changes throughout the different stages of AD. We integrate recent findings on changes in c...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noradrenaline release in areas within the forebrain occurs following activation of noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LoC). Release of noradrenaline by attentional/arousal/vigilance factors appears to be essential for learning and is responsible for the consolidation of memory. Noradrenaline can activate any ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00023-0
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurologic disease is a major cause of disability in resource-poor countries and a substantial portion of this disease is due to infections of the CNS. A wide variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses contribute to this disease burden. New emerging infections are commonly due to RNA viruses that have expanded their ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.003
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Should patients with Parkinson's disease participate in research involving stem cell treatments? Are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) the ethical solution to the moral issues regarding embryonic stem cells? How can we adapt trial designs to best assess small numbers of patients in receipt of invasive experimental...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.003
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal models have provided invaluable data for identifying the pathogenesis of epileptic disorders. Clearly, the relevance of these experimental findings would be strengthened by the demonstration that similar fundamental mechanisms are at work in the human epileptic brain. Epilepsy surgery has indeed opened the poss...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.09.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Firstly, the noetic value of the ontogenetic approach to the problems of learning and memory is emphasized; then the heterochrony and uneven time course of the development of neural systems are accentuated, which fully holds for the basic cognitive functions. Contrary to a broadly accepted opinion, that inhibitory lea...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00036-1
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptic transmission is a finely regulated mechanism of neuronal communication. The release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is not only the reflection of membrane depolarization events, but rather, is the summation of interactions between ion channels, G protein coupled receptors, second messengers, and the exocyt...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.009
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some authors claim that microglia originate from the neuroepithelium, although most now believe that microglial cells are of mesodermal origin, and probably belong to the monocyte/macrophage cell line. These cells must enter the developing central nervous system (CNS) from the blood stream, the ventricular space or th...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00035-5
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neocortex, the neuronal structure at the base of the remarkable cognitive skills of mammals, is a layered sheet of neuronal tissue composed of juxtaposed and interconnected columns. A cortical column is considered the basic module of cortical processing present in all cortical areas. It is believed to contain a charac...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although more than 8000 papers of apoptosis are published annually, there are very few reports concerning necrosis in the past few years. A number of recent studies using lower species animals have suggested that the cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 neuronal death after brief global cerebral ischemia occurs by apoptosis, an activ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00006-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, opioid receptor like1 (ORL1) receptor was identified. The ORL1 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor and the sequence of the ORL1 receptor is closely related to that of the opioid receptors. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ has been identified as a potent endogenous agonist of the ORL1 receptor and the sequence of ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00067-7
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cause of sleep is a complex question, which needs first, a clear distinction amongst the different meanings of a causal relationship in the study of a given behavior, second, the requisites to be met by a suggested cause, and third, a precise definition of sleep to distinguish behavioral from polygraphic sleep. Th...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00013-7
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulation of membrane receptors linked to a phospholipase C and the subsequent production of the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) is a signaling pathway of fundamental importance in eukaryotic cells. Signaling downstream of these initial steps involves mobilization of Ca(2+...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00002-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reconstructing the genealogy of every cell that makes up an organism remains a long-standing challenge in developmental biology. Besides its relevance for understanding the mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development, resolving the lineage origin of cell types will be crucial to create these types on-dem...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101966
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Following rapid methodological advances, ultra-high field (UHF) functional and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been repeatedly and successfully used for the investigation of the human auditory system in recent years. Here, we review this work and argue that UHF MRI is uniquely suited to shed light on h...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101887
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An understanding of how axons elongate is needed to develop rational strategies to treat neurological diseases and nerve injury. Growth cone-mediated neuronal elongation is currently viewed as occurring through cytoskeletal dynamics involving the polymerization of actin and tubulin subunits at the tip of the axon. How...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.002
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one an intriguing set of nine neurodegenerative diseases caused by the expansion of a unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat where the repeat is located within the coding of the affected gene, i.e. the polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. A gain-of-function mechanism for toxicity in SCA1,...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.04.003
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular proteolytic mechanism controlling the degradation of misfolded/abnormal proteins. A common hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in other neurodegenerative disorders is the accumulation of misfolded/abnormal proteins into the damaged neuron...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most important endemic encephalitis in the world especially in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. JE affects over 50,000 patients and results in 15,000 deaths annually. JE virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to family flaviviridae. JE virus is transmitted ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.008
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system are quite different from all other peripheral neurons. The IPANs are transducers of physiological stimuli, including movement of the villi or distortion of the mucosa, contraction of intestinal muscle and changes in the chemistry of the contents ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.12.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
