Abstract：
:The vitamin D signal transduction system involves a series of cytochrome P450-containing sterol hydroxylases to generate and degrade the active hormone, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which serves as a ligand for the vitamin D receptor-mediated transcriptional gene expression described in companion articles in this review series. This review updates our current knowledge of the specific anabolic cytochrome P450s involved in 25- and 1α-hydroxylation, as well as the catabolic cytochrome P450 involved in 24- and 23-hydroxylation steps, which are believed to initiate inactivation of the vitamin D molecule. We focus on the biochemical properties of these enzymes; key residues in their active sites derived from crystal structures and mutagenesis studies; the physiological roles of these enzymes as determined by animal knockout studies and human genetic diseases; and the regulation of these different cytochrome P450s by extracellular ions and peptide modulators. We highlight the importance of these cytochrome P450s in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, metabolic bone disease, and hyperproliferative diseases, such as psoriasis and cancer; as well as explore potential future developments in the field.
journal_name
J Lipid Resjournal_title
Journal of lipid researchauthors
Jones G,Prosser DE,Kaufmann Mdoi
10.1194/jlr.R031534subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
13-31issue
1eissn
0022-2275issn
1539-7262pii
jlr.R031534journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The genetic variability of apolipoprotein E (apoE) influences plasma lipoprotein levels, and allele frequencies differ between African Americans and Caucasians. As African Americans have higher lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) levels than Caucasians, we investigated the effects of the apoE gene on allele-specific apolipoprotei...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M600431-JLR200
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been applied primarily to the analysis of glycosphingolipids separated from other complex mixtures by TLC, but it is difficult to obtain quantitative profiling of each glycosphingolipid among the different spots on TLC by MALDI-MS. Thus, the ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.D800038-JLR200
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ceramides play an essential role in modulating immune signaling pathways and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to infectious pathogens, stress stimuli, or chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we demonstrated that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the pathogen for aggressive periodontitis, induced ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M031427
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that antibodies to cubulin, a receptor on the yolk sac that binds high density lipoproteins (HDL) and cobalamin, induce fetal abnormalities. Mice with markedly low concentrations of plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) give birth to healthy pups, however. To establish whether maternal HDL-C has a...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of the cholesterol needed by the cornea for growth and cell turnover was addressed by comparing absolute rates of sterol synthesis with rates of sterol accumulation during early development of the rabbit. Linearity of incorporation of 3H2O and [14C]mevalonate into digitonin-precipitable sterols with time of...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remnant-like emulsions were prepared with lipid compositions similar to remnants derived from triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. When injected into the bloodstream of conscious mice the remnant-like emulsions labeled with cholesteryl[13C]oleate were metabolized in the liver and the appearance of 13CO2 in the breath wa...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of cholesterol hydroperoxides has been prepared and tested as inactivators of calmodulin. Two previously undescribed compounds, tentatively identified as 20-(R)-25-dihydroperoxy-5-cholesten-3 beta-ol and its 20-(S) isomer inactivate calmodulin with 50% loss of activity at 5-10 microM. Cholesterol derivatives ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of microbiological deconjugation of bile acids on total bile acid and neutral sterol fecal excretion by adult male rats has been studied. A screening method utilizing mice allowed selection of a Clostridium perfringens type A strain, which accelerated cholesterol catabolism in mice. When this species of bac...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates brain AEA content, the purpose of this study was to determine its role in the postmortal accumulation of AEA using FAAH null mice. As expected, AEA content in immediately frozen brain tis...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M400377-JLR200
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second major apolipoprotein following apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in HDL. ApoA-II has multiple physiological functions and can form senile amyloid fibrils (AApoAII) in mice. Most circulating apoA-II is present in lipoprotein A-I/A-II. To study the influence of apoA-I on apoA-II and...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M013235
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) used for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) become epimerized at C-3 to isoUDCA. We investigated the metabolism of isoUDCA and a possible pharmacologic effect in five patients (51.4 +/- 5.8 years old; 3 females, 2 males) with PBC and persis...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The percentage of saturated cholesteryl esters (CEs) synthesized by human LCAT is several times higher than expected from the sn-2 acyl composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas the synthesis of 20:4 CE and 22:6 CE is much lower than expected. To explain these discrepancies, we proposed that LCAT transfe...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M400197-JLR200
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are the major lipoprotein in perfusates of normal guinea pig livers. Their component apoprotein B is mainly B-100 together with some B-95. This apoprotein is actively synthesized, as are C apoproteins and small amounts of apoprotein E. Only trace amounts of interm...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid lamellae present in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, form the main barrier for the diffusion of molecules through the skin. The presence of a unique 13 nm lamellar phase and its high crystallinity are characteristic for the stratum corneum lipid phase behavior. In the present study, small-an...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M500221-JLR200
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biliary amphipathic anionic polypeptide (APF) the major protein of the pigment-lipoprotein complex in bile, and calcium-binding protein (CBP) from gallstones are both small (less than 10 kDa), highly acidic, amphipathic proteins present in bile and closely associated also with pigmented areas in human gallstones. Poly...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A device for the simultaneous evaporation of six samples under separately controlled streams of nitrogen is described. ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular cholesterol is known to be under homeostatic control in nonsteroidogenic cells, and this intrigued us to understand how such control works in steroidogenic cells that additionally use cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis. We employed primary culture of rat ovarian granulosa cells to study how steroidogen...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M030239
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A three-step procedure has been developed for the separation of complex mixtures of sterol intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis. The method has been applied to the separation of sterol intermediates formed from [14C]mevalonate by normal rat hepatocyte culture cells. In Step 1, a short gravity-flow silicic acid co...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We elucidated the mechanisms of action of two n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in Jurkat T-cells. Both DHA and EPA were principally incorporated into phospholipids in the following order: phosphatidylcholine < phosphatidylethanolamine < phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine. Fur...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M400444-JLR200
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentration of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) is primarily determined by the rate at which LDL-C is produced (Jt) and the rate at which the liver takes up this particle through receptor-dependent transport (Jm). The accumulation of specific dietary fatty acids in the liver profoundly alt...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the formation and pharmacology of prostaglandin E(3) (PGE(3)) derived from fish oil eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in human lung cancer A549 cells. Exposure of A549 cells to EPA resulted in the rapid formation and export of PGE(3.) The extracellular ratio of PGE(3) to PGE(2) increased from 0.08 in control...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M300455-JLR200
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The composition of the emulsified oil and of the micellar phases obtained when a glyceride-fatty acid mixture is dispersed in bile salt solution has been defined. The micellar phase in equilibrium with the emulsified oil phase was obtained by filtration through Millipore filters. The behavior of different lipids in su...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PAF-dependent transacetylase (TA) modifies the functions of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory lipid, either by transferring the acetyl group from PAF to lysophospholipids (TAL activity), or to sphingosine (TAS activity) or by hydrolyzing PAF (acetylhydrolase activity). In stimulated endothelial c...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M200292-JLR200
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PPARs regulate the expression of genes for energy metabolism in a ligand-dependent manner. PPARs can influence fatty acid oxidation, the level of circulating triglycerides, glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 8-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 12-HEPE and 18-HEPE (hydr...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M047514
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods are easy, rapid, and reliable. Their growing popularity is in part due to their operational simplicity and cost reduction in solvents, and partly because they are easier to automate. Sphingolipids are implicated in various cellular events such as growth, differentiation, and apopto...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The uropygial gland secretions produced by female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) throughout the year were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Most of the year, the secretion was composed of wax esters. With the beginning of the mating season in the middle ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adipose tissue development was studied histochemically and histologically in fetuses from lean and obese sows. At 110 days of gestation, fetuses were removed from Ossabaw (obese-feral) sows and from sows selected for high backfat (obese-domestic) and for low backfat (lean) thickness. Body weights were similar for lean...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is a known risk factor for atherogenesis. This study aimed to reveal structural features of oxLDL present in human circulation related to atherosclerosis. When LDL was fractionated on an anion-exchange column, in vivo-oxLDL, detected by the anti-oxidized PC (oxPC) mAb, was recovered in flow-throug...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.RA119000312
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were carried out to determine whether apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, like apoA-I, can recruit phospholipid and cholesterol from cell membranes, thereby forming nascent apoA-II-specific HDL. ApoA-II and apoA-I were purified from plasma and each was incubated with CHO cells at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. Li...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and oleic acid on lipid synthesis and secretion by HepG2 cells were examined to identify fatty acid specific changes in lipid metabolism that might indicate a basis for the hypolipidemic effect attributed to eicosapentaenoic acid and related n-3 fatty acids. Cellular glycerolipid s...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
