Hydroxyl hydrogen conformations in trypsin determined by the neutron diffraction solvent difference map method: relative importance of steric and electrostatic factors in defining hydrogen-bonding geometries.

abstract：:Conditional mutations such as temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are important for the analysis of protein function but are often difficult, or impossible, to obtain. Here we present a simple method for generating conditional mutations based on the use of a protein-destabilizing genetic element in combination with s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park EC,Finley D,Szostak JW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of projected global warming on crop yields has been evaluated by indirect methods using simulation models. Direct studies on the effects of observed climate change on crop growth and yield could provide more accurate information for assessing the impact of climate change on crop production. We analyzed weat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peng S,Huang J,Sheehy JE,Laza RC,Visperas RM,Zhong X,Centeno GS,Khush GS,Cassman KG

更新日期：2004-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biocompatible gold nanoparticles designed to absorb light at wavelengths of high tissue transparency have been of particular interest for biomedical applications. The ability of such nanoparticles to convert absorbed near-infrared light to heat and induce highly localized hyperthermia has been shown to be highly effec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rastinehad AR,Anastos H,Wajswol E,Winoker JS,Sfakianos JP,Doppalapudi SK,Carrick MR,Knauer CJ,Taouli B,Lewis SC,Tewari AK,Schwartz JA,Canfield SE,George AK,West JL,Halas NJ

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The paucity of knowledge about cardiomyocyte maturation is a major bottleneck in cardiac regenerative medicine. In development, cardiomyocyte maturation is characterized by orchestrated structural, transcriptional, and functional specializations that occur mainly at the perinatal stage. Sarcomeres are the key cytoskel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo Y,Cao Y,Jardin BD,Sethi I,Ma Q,Moghadaszadeh B,Troiano EC,Mazumdar N,Trembley MA,Small EM,Yuan GC,Beggs AH,Pu WT

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We used 5,6-dichloro-beta D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB), a selective and reversible inhibitor of mRNA production, to investigate the regulation of the pathway leading to resistance to viruses in cells treated with interferon (IF). DRB allows initiation of transcription but promotes premature termination of the n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gordon I,Stevenson D

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prokaryotic genomes are substantially diverse, even when from closely related species, with the resulting phenotypic diversity representing a repertoire of adaptations to specific constraints. Within the microbial population, genome content may not be fixed, as changing selective forces favor particular phenotypes; ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aras RA,Kang J,Tschumi AI,Harasaki Y,Blaser MJ

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription is a central step in gene expression, in which the DNA template is processively read by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), synthesizing a complementary messenger RNA transcript. At each cycle, Pol II moves exactly one register along the DNA, a process known as translocation. Although X-ray crystal structures ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silva DA,Weiss DR,Pardo Avila F,Da LT,Levitt M,Wang D,Huang X

更新日期：2014-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between the compositions of the Earth and chondritic meteorites is at the center of many important debates. A basic assumption in most models for the Earth's composition is that the refractory elements are present in chondritic proportions relative to each other. This assumption is now challenged by r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang S,Jacobsen SB,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2013-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe an algorithm to compute trisections of orientable four-manifolds using arbitrary triangulations as input. This results in explicit complexity bounds for the trisection genus of a 4-manifold in terms of the number of pentachora (4-simplices) in a triangulation. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bell M,Hass J,Rubinstein JH,Tillmann S

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In North America there are two generally recognized pathotypes (pathotypes 1 and 2) of the fungus Entomophaga grylli which show host-preferential infection of grasshopper subfamilies. Pathotype 3, discovered in Australia, has a broader grasshopper host range and was considered to be a good biocontrol agent. Between 19...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bidochka MJ,Walsh SR,Ramos ME,St Leger RJ,Silver JC,Roberts DW

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) contains two tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. The NH(2)-terminal SH2 domain has been known to mediate the binding of PLC-gamma1 to receptor protein tyrosine kinases, which then activate PLC-gamma1 via phosphorylation at Y783. We now show that the phosphorylated Y783 residue (pY7...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poulin B,Sekiya F,Rhee SG

更新日期：2005-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel is a complex of five subunits that is specifically localized in the triad. Its primary function is the rapid activation of Ca2+ release from cytoplasmic stores in a process called excitation-contraction coupling. To study the role of alpha1S-beta1a interactions in the incorporat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neuhuber B,Gerster U,Döring F,Glossmann H,Tanabe T,Flucher BE

更新日期：1998-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes in B-lymphocyte precursors requires the expression of the recombination activating genes (Rag), which leads to the generation of a highly diverse B-cell repertoire. We can use the level of Rag-1 mRNA in the bone marrow as an index of its capacity to support the maturation of B...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ben-Yehuda A,Szabo P,Dyall R,Weksler ME

更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter of mitochondria (Atm1) mediates iron homeostasis in eukaryotes, while the prokaryotic homolog from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (NaAtm1) can export glutathione derivatives and confer protection against heavy-metal toxicity. To establish the structural framework underlying ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fan C,Kaiser JT,Rees DC

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The Snf1 protein kinase family has been conserved in eukaryotes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Snf1 is essential for transcription of glucose-repressed genes in response to glucose starvation. The direct interaction between Snf1 and its activating subunit, Snf4, within the kinase complex is regulated by the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ludin K,Jiang R,Carlson M

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In the absence of any overt task performance, it has been shown that spontaneous, intrinsic brain activity is expressed as systemwide, resting-state networks in the adult brain. However, the route to adult patterns of resting-state activity through neuronal development in the human brain is currently unknown. Therefor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fransson P,Skiöld B,Horsch S,Nordell A,Blennow M,Lagercrantz H,Aden U

更新日期：2007-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The lactate racemase enzyme (LarA) of Lactobacillus plantarum harbors a (SCS)Ni(II) pincer complex derived from nicotinic acid. Synthesis of the enzyme-bound cofactor requires LarB, LarC, and LarE, which are widely distributed in microorganisms. The functions of the accessory proteins are unknown, but the LarB C termi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desguin B,Soumillion P,Hols P,Hausinger RP

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) in tissue culture systems has been correlated with virulence of avian influenza viruses. To examine the structural requirements for cleavage of the HA, the HA gene from a virulent H5 influenza virus was expressed in mammalian cells (CV-1), and the cleavage site of the HA was explored...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawaoka Y,Webster RG

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout most of pregnancy, uterine quiescence is maintained by increased progesterone receptor (PR) transcriptional activity, whereas spontaneous labor is initiated/facilitated by a concerted series of biochemical events that activate inflammatory pathways and have a negative impact on PR function. In this study, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renthal NE,Chen CC,Williams KC,Gerard RD,Prange-Kiel J,Mendelson CR

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The extinction of a species is inevitably preceded by the extirpation of a series of local populations. Ecological theory predicts that vulnerability to extirpation varies between populations and is ultimately linked to environmental heterogeneity. If populations of a species are present in multiple regions separated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yackulic CB,Sanderson EW,Uriarte M

更新日期：2011-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The conditional lifetime expectancy function (LEF) is the expected lifetime of a subject given survival past a certain time point and the values of a set of explanatory variables. This function is attractive to researchers because it summarizes the entire residual life distribution and has an easy interpretation compa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong J,Klein BE,Klein R,Wahba G

更新日期：2015-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Rotaviruses are the single most common cause of fatal and severe childhood diarrheal illness worldwide (>125 million cases annually). Rotavirus shares structural and functional features with many viruses, such as the presence of segmented double-stranded RNA genomes selectively and tightly packed with a conserved numb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Periz J,Celma C,Jing B,Pinkney JN,Roy P,Kapanidis AN

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We use a three-dimensional, higher-order ice flow model and a realistic initial condition to simulate dynamic perturbations to the Greenland ice sheet during the last decade and to assess their contribution to sea level by 2100. Starting from our initial condition, we apply a time series of observationally constrained...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Price SF,Payne AJ,Howat IM,Smith BE

更新日期：2011-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic matter is responsible for the generation of hydrocarbons during the thermal maturation of source rock formation. This geochemical process engenders a network of organic hosted pores that governs the flow of hydrocarbons from the organic matter to fractures created during the stimulation of production wells. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berthonneau J,Obliger A,Valdenaire PL,Grauby O,Ferry D,Chaudanson D,Levitz P,Kim JJ,Ulm FJ,Pellenq RJ

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri initiates a specific, persistent symbiosis in the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes. During the early stages of colonization, V. fischeri is exposed to host-derived nitric oxide (NO). Although NO can be both an antimicrobial component of innate immunity and a key s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Dufour YS,Carlson HK,Donohue TJ,Marletta MA,Ruby EG

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The poly(A) site of bovine prolactin (bPRL) mRNA was examined by phased priming of cDNA synthesis with oligodeoxynucleotides of the general sequence d(pT8-N-N'). The existence of multiple poly(A)-adjacent sequences in bPRL mRNA was indicated by the production of specific chain-termination fragments with at least three...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sasavage NL,Smith M,Gillam S,Woychik RP,Rottman FM

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of leukocyte integrin avidity is a crucial aspect of inflammation and immunity. The actin cytoskeleton has an important role in the regulation of integrin function, but the cytoskeletal proteins involved are largely unknown. Because inflammatory stimuli that activate integrin-mediated adhesion in human poly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones SL,Wang J,Turck CW,Brown EJ

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated a gene from Escherichia coli homologous to the gene encoding the Mr 83,000 Drosophila heat shock protein (hsp83). In E. coli the protein homologous to hsp83 is a heat shock protein called C62.5. The predicted amino acid sequence of C62.5 is 41% and 42% identical to the Drosophila and human hsp83 prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bardwell JC,Craig EA

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal oxygen depletion (hypoxia) in coastal bottom waters can lead to the release and persistence of free sulfide (euxinia), which is highly detrimental to marine life. Although coastal hypoxia is relatively common, reports of euxinia are less frequent, which suggests that certain environmental controls can delay t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seitaj D,Schauer R,Sulu-Gambari F,Hidalgo-Martinez S,Malkin SY,Burdorf LD,Slomp CP,Meysman FJ

更新日期：2015-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of in vitro resistance to HN2 (also called mustargen or mechlorethamine hydrochloride), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), and cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] was achieved in two human cell lines, the Raji/Burkitt lymphoma and a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. A 10- to 20-fol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frei E 3rd,Cucchi CA,Rosowsky A,Tantravahi R,Bernal S,Ervin TJ,Ruprecht RM,Haseltine WA

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00