Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:The goal of this project is to evaluate a new auditory cue, which the authors call spearcons, in comparison to other auditory cues with the aim of improving auditory menu navigation. BACKGROUND:With the shrinking displays of mobile devices and increasing technology use by visually impaired users, it becomes important to improve usability of non-graphical user interface (GUI) interfaces such as auditory menus. Using nonspeech sounds called auditory icons (i.e., representative real sounds of objects or events) or earcons (i.e., brief musical melody patterns) has been proposed to enhance menu navigation. To compensate for the weaknesses of traditional nonspeech auditory cues, the authors developed spearcons by speeding up a spoken phrase, even to the point where it is no longer recognized as speech. METHOD:The authors conducted five empirical experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, they measured menu navigation efficiency and accuracy among cues. In Experiments 3 and 4, they evaluated learning rate of cues and speech itself. In Experiment 5, they assessed spearcon enhancements compared to plain TTS (text to speech: speak out written menu items) in a two-dimensional auditory menu. RESULTS:Spearcons outperformed traditional and newer hybrid auditory cues in navigation efficiency, accuracy, and learning rate. Moreover, spearcons showed comparable learnability as normal speech and led to better performance than speech-only auditory cues in two-dimensional menu navigation. CONCLUSION:These results show that spearcons can be more effective than previous auditory cues in menu-based interfaces. APPLICATION:Spearcons have broadened the taxonomy of nonspeech auditory cues. Users can benefit from the application of spearcons in real devices.
journal_name
Hum Factorsjournal_title
Human factorsauthors
Walker BN,Lindsay J,Nance A,Nakano Y,Palladino DK,Dingler T,Jeon Mdoi
10.1177/0018720812450587subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
157-82issue
1eissn
0018-7208issn
1547-8181journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HUMAN FACTORS文献大全abstract：:The functional state of the human operator is critical to optimal system performance. Degraded states of operator functioning can lead to errors and overall suboptimal system performance. Accurate assessment of operator functional state is crucial to the successful implementation of an adaptive aiding system. One meth...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/hfes.45.4.635.27088
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This field study examined the effects of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on mind wandering prevalence. BACKGROUND:ACC relieves the driver of the need to regulate vehicle speed and following distance, which may result in safety benefits. However, if ACC reduces the amount of attentional resources drivers must d...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720820974856
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to clarify how knowledge elaborated by specific experience may lead to erroneous expectations during interactions between drivers and riders. BACKGROUND:Situation awareness is partly determined by prior knowledge. Unshared knowledge may cause difficulties in managing driving interact...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720811420841
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A dual-task study was performed to explore the performance effects for swimming, word recall, and the combination of the two tasks performed simultaneously. BACKGROUND:Dual-task interference studies have been performed for a variety of tasks; however, there has not been much dual-task interference research w...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720819871743
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In this qualitative review, we develop an integrative framework to bring coherence to the concept of environmental support (ES) in the fields of human factors and cognitive aging. BACKGROUND:The ES hypothesis, originally formulated to explain effects of retrieval support on age-related differences in memory ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1518/001872008X312251
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Teamwork is an essential element in the majority of critical Army lifting tasks. Therefore, an understanding of the relationship between individual and team lifting capacity is of great tactical importance. Twenty-three male and 17 female U.S. Army soldiers were randomly assigned to single- and mixed-gender teams of t...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1518/001872097778827106
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study reexamined the additivity of maximum isometric teamwork lifting strength using experienced and height-matched young male participants. The maximum isometric lifting strength was measured for four exertion heights (45, 75, 105, and 140 cm) and four lifting styles (one-, two, three-, and four-person exertions...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1518/hfes.46.4.686.56812
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the differences between walking on an advanced robotic locomotion interface called the Treadport and walking overground with healthy subjects. BACKGROUND:Previous studies have compared treadmill-based and overground walking in terms of gait parameters. The Treadport's unique features including se...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720818819951
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of 10 min of cyclic twisting motion on abdominal and back muscle activities. BACKGROUND:Repetitive (cyclic) occupational activity was identified by many epidemiological reports to be a risk factor for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Biomechanical and physiolo...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/001872007X230190
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In this study, the impact of including a bone conduction transducer in a three-channel spatialized communication system was investigated. BACKGROUND:Several military and security forces situations require concurrent listening to three or more radio channels. In such radio systems, spatial separation between ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/0018720812460247
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We examined preferences for different forms of causal explanations for indeterminate situations. Background: Klein and Hoffman distinguished several forms of causal explanations for indeterminate, complex situations: single-cause explanations, lists of causes, and explanations that interrelate several causes....
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720814530427
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One major problem with pilot-automation interaction on modern flight decks is a lack of mode awareness; that is, a lack of knowledge and understanding of the current and future status and behavior of the automation. A lack of mode awareness is not simply a pilot problem; rather, it is a symptom of a coordination break...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/001872000779698178
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to quantify shoulder muscle fatigue during repetitive exertions similar to motions found in automobile assembly tasks. BACKGROUND:Shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common and costly problem in automotive manufacturing. METHOD:Ten subjects participated in the stu...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720813482328
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-resolution visual displays have been designed for flight simulation so that observers may judge the aspect angle of aircraft at far distances. The present experiment compares two display devices as untrained observers judge the spatial orientation of two target aircraft: F-15 and F-16 jets. The display devices ar...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/0018720024497006
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of practice on the parallel organization and control of discrete, asymmetrical bimanual movements was investigated. Subjects performed a flexion movement in the left limb together with a flexion-extension-flexion movement in the right limb. Two groups, one of which received kinematic information feedback, w...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/001872089103300401
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 2 classifiers to determine their ability to discriminate among 4 levels of mental workload during a simulated air traffic control task using psychophysiological measures. Data from 7 air traffic controllers were used to train and test artificial neural network and stepwise discriminant classifiers. Very hig...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/hfes.45.3.381.27252
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We describe a networked, two-user virtual reality (VR) power wheelchair (PWC) simulator system in which an actor (client) and an observer (clinician) meet. We then present a study with 15 observers (expert clinicians) evaluating the effect of three principal forms of viewpoint control (egocentric-egomotion, e...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720819853682
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To highlight the working strategies used by expert manual handlers compared with novice manual handlers, based on recordings of shoulder and upper limb kinematics, electromyography (EMG), and estimated muscle forces during a lifting task. BACKGROUND:Novice workers involved in assembly, manual handling, and p...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720820965021
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Each of 52 (25 female and 27 male) high school students reproduced from memory 1000 eight-digit numbers after viewing each number for 5 s. Subjects were given unlimited time to reproduce the numbers and were allowed to change their reproductions. The range of errors was very large: from 71 to 2231 out of 8000 digits r...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/001872089003200201
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We show that psychophysiologically driven real-time adaptive aiding significantly enhances performance in a complex aviation task. A further goal was to assess the importance of individual operator capabilities when providing adaptive aiding. BACKGROUND:Psychophysiological measures are useful for monitoring ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/001872007X249875
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report an investigation into the processes involved in a common graph-reading task using two types of Cartesian graph. We describe an experiment and eye movement study, the results of which show that optimal scan paths assumed in the task analysis approximate the detailed sequences of saccades made by individuals. ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/hfes.45.1.28.27225
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Field studies were conducted in homes, offices, and public places with younger and older adults to determine how legibility performance (in a proofreading and phone book search) changes with age and luminance. Homes and public places generally exhibited much lower than recommended luminance values for reading. Older a...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1518/001872099779591204
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative contribution of number of fixations and fixation duration to reaction time in visual search was investigated. Ten participants (age 20-24 years) took part in each of two experiments. In Experiment 1, the experimental factors were display type (icon and file name), organization (arrangements with and witho...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1518/001872005774860032
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skilled performers in complex environments rely heavily on heuristic strategies to cope with the time pressure and complexity of dynamic tasks. We suggest that the use of task simplification strategies based largely on perception and pattern recognition is fundamental to the novice-expert shift in dynamic decision mak...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/001872089606380209
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We seek to develop a new approach for analyzing the physical demands of highly variable lifting tasks through an adaptation of the Revised NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Lifting Equation (RNLE) into a Variable Lifting Index (VLI). BACKGROUND:There are many jobs that contain ind...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720815612256
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This article presents a systematic framework characterizing adaptive systems. BACKGROUND:Adaptive systems are those that can appropriately modify their behavior to fit the current context. This concept is appealing because it offers the possibility of creating computer assistants that behave like good human ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720812443983
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-four people learned three versions of a room-sized maze: a wire-frame desktop virtual environment (VE), a normal surface-rendered desktop VE, and a real-world maze. Differences among the mental representations formed from each environment were measured with pointing and distance estimation tasks in a real-world...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1518/001872001775992561
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liquid crystal displays maintain superior contrast under bright sunlight conditions compared with cathode-ray tube displays. This attribute, along with reduced weight, volume, and power requirements, make liquid crystal displays especially desirable for use in vehicular applications. The present experiment was designe...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/001872089203400508
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective The purpose of the present research is to establish measurement equivalence and test differences in reliability between computerized and pencil-and-paper-based tests of spatial cognition. Background Researchers have increasingly adopted computerized test formats, but few attempt to establish equivalence for ...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720817747731
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the effects of hospital bed features on the biomechanical stresses experienced by nurses when turning and laterally repositioning patients. Turn Assist, a common feature in ICU beds that helps to rotate patients, and side rail orientation were evaluated. BACKGROUND:Manual patient hand...
journal_title：Human factors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0018720815612625
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
