Abstract:
AIMS:To evaluate the comparative efficacy (50% reduction in seizure frequency) and tolerability (premature withdrawal due to adverse events) of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for refractory epilepsy. METHODS:We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2) including Epilepsy Group's specialized register, MEDLINE (1950 to March 2009), EMBASE (1980 to March 2009), and Current Contents Connect (1998 to March 2009) to conduct a systematic review of published studies, developed a treatment network and undertook a network meta-analysis. RESULTS:Forty-three eligible trials with 6346 patients and 12 interventions, including placebo, contributed to the analysis. Only three direct drug comparator trials were identified, the remaining 40 trials being placebo-controlled. Conventional random-effects meta-analysis indicated all drugs were superior in efficacy to placebo (overall odds ratio (OR] 3.78, 95% CI 3.14, 4.55) but did not permit firm distinction between drugs on the basis of the efficacy or tolerability. A Bayesian network meta-analysis prioritized oxcarbazepine, topiramate and pregabalin on the basis of short term efficacy. However, sodium valproate, levetiracetam, gabapentin and vigabatrin were prioritized on the basis of short-term efficacy and tolerability, with the caveat that vigabatrin is recognized as being associated with serious visual disturbance with chronic use. CONCLUSION:Of the wide range of AEDs licensed for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, sodium valproate, levetiracetam and gabapentin demonstrated the best balance of efficacy and tolerability. Until regulators mandate greater use of active comparator trials with longer term follow-up, network meta-analysis provides the only available means to quantify these clinically important parameters.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Bodalia PN,Grosso AM,Sofat R,Macallister RJ,Smeeth L,Dhillon S,Casas JP,Wonderling D,Hingorani ADdoi
10.1111/bcp.12083subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-01 00:00:00pages
649-67issue
5eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究,评审abstract::In order to clarify the characteristics of absorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) from the colon, a neutral solution was instilled into the right part of the colon and the rectum, respectively, in six volunteers. A laxative (bisacodyl) and liquid meals were given prior to each instillation. No significant differe...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03301.x
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of isoniazid and N-acetylisoniazid were measured at varying times after addition of both compounds to plasma (5 micrograms/ml) and storage at several different temperatures (-70 degrees C, -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C). The concentration of both compounds declined log-linearly with...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01496.x
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is concern in the UK about nonmedical use (NMU) of alprazolam (Xanax). We investigated the epidemiology of alprazolam NMU compared with diazepam using data from the Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) programme (collected 28 September-1 December 2017). The survey included 10 019 respondents a...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13959
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of benzhexol on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of an oral dose of levodopa have been studied in 10 young healthy volunteers. Subjects were given a suspension of levodopa (250 mg) 90 min after either benzhexol (5 mg) or placebo in a randomized cross over design with doses separated by at least 1 wee...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.32311.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight healthy normal subjects (19-23 years) received graded intravenous isoprenaline infusions PRE- and POST-atropine, 0.04 mg/kg i.v. The adequacy of atropinization was tested with bolus intravenous injections of phenylephrine. PRE-atropine, isoprenaline caused an increase in heart rate and systolic pressure, but a d...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02469.x
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The N-acetylation of dapsone (DDS) was studied in 182 unrelated healthy Japanese subjects. The frequency of slow acetylators determined using the plasma monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) to DDS ratio (MADDS/DDS, slow acetylators less than 0.30 and rapid acetylators greater than 0.35) at 3 h after an oral dose of DDS (100 m...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03333.x
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Lamivudine is used as first line therapy in HIV-infected children. Yet, like many other paediatric drugs, its dose rationale has been based on limited clinical data, without thorough understanding of the effects of growth on drug disposition. Here we use lamivudine to show how a comprehensive population pharmacokin...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.12247
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To evaluate putative associations between drugs and dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS:We used the case/noncase method in the French PharmacoVigilance Database (FPVD). Cases were all the observations with dilated cardiomyopathy registered into the FPVD between 1 January 1990 and 30 June 2007. Noncases were all other...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03596.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Nineteen pregnant patients whose mean arterial pressure (MAP) was persistently greater than or equal to 103.3 mmHg were given labetalol or methyldopa. 2 Singificant falls (P less than 0.001) in BP only occurred in the group treated with labetalol, and daily BP control was better in this group. 3 Two severely hyperte...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04784.x
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence suggesting that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in cardioprotective mechanisms. These include regulating vascular tone, modulating inflammatory responses, improving cardiomyocyte function and reducing ischaemic damage, resulting in attenuation of animal models of ca...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12603
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Because of the large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and established exposure-response and exposure-toxicity relationships in clinical trial patients, therapeut...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14332
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A possible route of metabolism of beta-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs used in obstetrics consists of conjugation by the enzyme phenol sulphotransferase. The substrate specificities of the platelet and the placental enzymes towards these drugs were tested. The specific activities of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists were ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05009.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To review the literature on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children with respect to occurrence, seriousness, type, therapeutic group, age and gender of the child and category of reporter. METHODS:Medline and Embase databases were searched from origin and updated until February 2010. We included empirically based...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03682.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. alpha-Bromoisovalerylurea (BIU) is a racemic drug that is metabolized by glutathione conjugation. The urinary excretion of the separate diastereomeric mercapturates formed from (S)- and (R)-BIU in healthy young human volunteers was investigated. 2. A pronounced stereoselectivity was observed: the mercapturate forme...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb05407.x
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To describe age- and gender-related prescription patterns of diuretics in community-dwelling elderly, and to compare diuretics to other cardiovascular (CV) medications. METHODS:Cross-sectional study of patient-specific prescription data derived from a panel of 10 Dutch community pharmacies. Determination of propo...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00793.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The absorption of ciprofloxacin from different regions of the human gastrointestinal tract was investigated in four healthy males using a remote-controlled drug delivery device (hf-capsule). 2. Significant differences in AUC were observed in the control study (oral administration of ciprofloxacin solution without t...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03740.x
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Women experience more adverse drug reactions (ADR) to antiretroviral therapy than men. This may be attributed to higher plasma concentrations of protease inhibitors due to pharmacokinetic interactions with hormonal preparations. Thus, in the present study we aimed to investigate the influence of oral contraceptive...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2003.01983.x
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The objective of this study is to develop a generic model for tacrolimus pharmacokinetics modelling using a meta-analysis approach, that could serve as a first step towards a prediction tool to inform pharmacokinetics-based optimal dosing of tacrolimus in different populations and indications. METHODS:A systemati...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/bcp.14110
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals. Both errors in the act of writing (prescription errors) and prescribing faults due to erroneous medical decisions can result in harm to patients. 2. Any step in the prescribing process can generate errors. Slips, lapses, or mistakes are sources of e...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03425.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a dog model of partial myocardial ischaemia, superimposed ST segment elevations in epicardial ECGs were inhibited by nicardipine over a cumulative i.v. dose range of 1-20 micrograms kg-1. Over the cumulative i.v. dose range of 0.5-166.5 micrograms kg-1, nicardipine had little overall effect on gross cardiac conduct...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05142.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To assess whether frequency of placebo administration is associated with duodenal ulcer healing. METHODS:A systematic literature review of randomized clinical trials was undertaken. 79 of 80 trials that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled 4 week placebo healing rate of all duodenal ulcer trials that employed a...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00094.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:In 2017, concerns regarding adverse events (AEs) associated with the Mirena levonorgestrel intrauterine device were largely echoed in the media in France. This resulted in a tremendous reporting of AEs to pharmacovigilance centres. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting of AEs regarding Mirena in Fran...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14027
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of epanolol (200 mg once daily) and diltiazem (60 mg three times daily) on the response of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to exercise were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 16 patients with angina pectoris. Exercise tolerance as assessed by peak oxygen consumption was s...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To determine whether and to what extent bronchoconstriction affects plasma concentrations of fluticasone and budesonide following inhalation. METHODS:Twenty people with mild asthma inhaled 1000 microg fluticasone (Accuhaler) plus 800 microg budesonide (Turbohaler) on two visits. On one occasion, prior to drug inh...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02856.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Venlafaxine may increase the risk of arrhythmia in certain patients. We sought to characterize the cardiovascular effects of venlafaxine overdose in adults. METHODS:A retrospective casenote review of patients admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between January 2000 and June 2006. Haemodynamic and electro...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02849.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Benzodiazepines are regarded as pure anxiolytics, and their value in the treatment of depression is controversial. Nevertheless, symptoms of anxiety and depression coexist in patients with endogenous or neurotic depression, and clinical trials indicate that depressed patients respond better to a benzodiazepine-tricy...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01835.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 This study was designed to compare in a double-blind randomized crossover trial, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol and pindolol. Considerable differences in dose (atenolol 138 +/- 13 mg daily; labetalol 308 +/- 34 mg daily; metoprolol 234 +/- 22 mg daily; and pindolol 24 +/-2 mg daily were required to produce similar ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04774.x
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute peripheral vascular and diuretic effects of intravenous frusemide 10 mg and 20 mg were compared with those of bumetanide 250 micrograms and 500 micrograms in a group of 10 salt depleted volunteers. Significant reductions in forearm blood flow (FBF) were observed after frusemide 10 mg (-0.77 ml 100 ml-1 min-1...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05207.x
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To determine whether repeated once daily administration of grapefruit juice altered the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the calcium antagonist amlodipine. METHOD:S The effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous amlodipine were assessed in 20 healthy me...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00283.x
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:We investigated whether the deterioration in asthma control reported following cessation of theophylline was due to tolerance to theophylline. METHODS:Eighteen subjects with mild stable asthma were given oral theophylline 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) or placebo for 2 weeks in a double-blind crossover study. FEV1 and PD20...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.t01-1-00691.x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00