Abstract：
AIM:To review the literature on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children with respect to occurrence, seriousness, type, therapeutic group, age and gender of the child and category of reporter. METHODS:Medline and Embase databases were searched from origin and updated until February 2010. We included empirically based articles on ADRs in populations aged 0 to 17 years. Studies monitoring ADRs in patients with particular conditions or drug exposure were excluded. We extracted information about types and seriousness of ADRs, therapeutic groups, age and gender of the child and category of reporter. ADR occurrence was calculated as incidence rate and prevalence. RESULTS:We included 33 studies monitoring ADRs in general paediatric populations. The highest numbers of ADRs were reported in national ADR databases where data were collected over a longer period than in studies monitoring inpatients and outpatients. However, prevalence and incidence were much lower in the national databases. Types of reported ADRs, seriousness of ADRs and types of medicines differed substantially between studies due to differences in time periods and patient populations. Information about ADRs was mainly provided by health care professionals, although parents also contributed reports. CONCLUSIONS:We found a higher incidence rate of ADRs in hospitalized children and outpatients than in national databases. There seems to be considerable potential for increasing the knowledge of ADRs by advocating the submission of reports to the spontaneous reporting systems. Our study underscores that ADRs in children constitute a significant public health problem.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Aagaard L,Christensen A,Hansen EHdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03682.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
481-91issue
4eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of solid and haematological malignancies and as an immunosuppressive agent. As a prodrug, it is dependent on bioactivation to the active phosphoramide mustard metabolite to elicit its therapeutic effect. This focused review will highlight the evidence for t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.14031
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To investigate the impact of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) on dose-adjusted serum concentrations of flupentixol, haloperidol, perphenazine and zuclopenthixol in a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) cohort of psychiatric patients. We also studied the functional impact of CYP2D6*41 on dose-adjusted serum concentration...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14626
更新日期：2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The potential interaction between selective beta 1-adrenoceptor blockers and sulphonylureas or biguanides was studied by comparing the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist betaxolol with placebo in 12 normal subjects taking glibenclamide or metformin in a single-blind crossover group study. 2. After a 4 day run-in period...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03838.x
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Study I evaluated the absorption of oxprenolol in the ileum, compared to jejunum, in healthy volunteers by an intestinal perfusion technique. Around 80 mg of drug were delivered as a saline solution directly in the small bowel. 2 Samples taken 30 cm distally to the site of perfusion showed that 63% of perfused oxpre...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03178.x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the association between risk of lupus and exposure to selected drugs implicated in risk of lupus in a number of case reports. METHODS:In this matched nested case-control study we utilized primary care data from the UK General Practice Research Database recorded between 1987 and 2001. Cases with at l...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03733.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The new converting enzyme inhibitor RHC 3659 was tested in 15 male volunteers. The study consisted of two parts: first, the ability of a single oral dose (5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg) to inhibit the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin I was tested with blood pressure and heart rate monitored continuously through an...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01327.x
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possibility that vigabatrin (VGB) decreases serum phenytoin (PHT) concentration by lowering the oral bioavailability of PHT was investigated in 21 patients with epilepsy. Each patient was switched from oral to intravenous PHT for 5 days before and after combined treatment with VGB. After VGB (2-3.5 g day(-1) for a...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00422.x
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of new insights and revised guidelines on initial and follow-up treatment with antihyperglycaemic drugs over the period 1998-2003. METHODS:The InterAction Database (IADB), which contains pharmacy dispensing data from 53 community pharmacies in the Northern and E...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02711.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of antibodies to trifluoroacetylated hepatic proteins (TFA-proteins) in sera from patients with the severe form of halothane-associated hepatitis (halothane hepatitis). The TFA-proteins are produced via cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of halothane to the reactive ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04560.x
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics. METHODS:In a randomized 3-phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingest...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14315
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists act antiemetically and slow colonic transit. This study evaluated effects of the high-affinity 5-HT3 antagonist, cilansetron, on fasting, meal-and anticholinesterase-stimulated phasic contractile activity of the human sigmoid colon as well as on bowel habits and stool cons...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00180.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Aspirin is partly hydrolyzed to salicylic acid during absorption. Absorbed aspirin is rapidly hydrolyzed systemically. Salicylic acid elimination kinetics are dependent on drug concentration due to the limited capacity of two major biotransformation pathways: formation of salicyluric acid and of salicylphenolic gluc...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01811.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:Rotigotine transdermal patch is a new non-ergolinic dopamine agonist developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. Peripheral dopaminergic side-effects of dopamine agonists such as nausea and vomiting can be prevented by the antiemetic agent domp...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03334.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of chlormethiazole and diazepam given orally on the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to CO2 in a placebo controlled study in 10 healthy volunteers. Diazepam 10 mg produced a significant reduction in both the ventilatory and P0.1 responses to CO2, and this was not as...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05266.x
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and immunogenicity of CNTO 7160, an anti-interleukin-33 receptor (IL-33R) monoclonal antibody, in healthy subjects and patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS:In Part 1 of this Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-c...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14361
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To compare gastric acid suppression by netazepide, a gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist, with that by a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and to determine if netazepide can prevent the trophic effects of PPI-induced hypergastrinaemia. METHODS:Thirty healthy subjects completed a double-blind, randomized, parallel group t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/bcp.12534
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To evaluate the comparative efficacy (50% reduction in seizure frequency) and tolerability (premature withdrawal due to adverse events) of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for refractory epilepsy. METHODS:We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2) including Epilepsy Gro...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.12083
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Elevated serum creatinine (sCr) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) whereas sildenafil treatment improves PAH outcomes. This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of sildenafil on kidney function and links with ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/bcp.12616
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Apparent Vmax and Km for phenytoin were estimated in 40 children (aged 8--33 months) and 21 adults (aged 18--66 years). 2 The derived values of Vmax and Km were used to predict the plasma and salivary concentrations of phenytoin following a change in dose. There was a highly significant correlation between observed ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01285.x
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The inhibitory effect of sufotidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on gastric secretion of acid and pepsin was studied in six healthy male volunteers. This was a three-way, cross-over, randomized, double-blind study. On each of 3 study days, the drug in a dose of 600 mg, or placebo, was administered eithe...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03519.x
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Glucocorticoids suppress the release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages in vitro and cause monocytopaenia in vivo. These actions may contribute to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. We therefore examined relationships between prednisolone concentration, suppression of monocyte...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.00586.x
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of clobazam taken 3 h before, during, and 3 h after a standard hospital meal were studied in six healthy volunteers. Peak plasma levels were significantly lower when the drug was taken with or after meals suggesting that the rate of absorption was reduced by food. The mean area under the concentration vs ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02251.x
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on carotid artery blood flow of atenolol (a selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) and xamoterol (a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist with 43% agonist activity) were measured using a Doppler technique in eight healthy volunteers. Atenolol produced a decrease in blood pressure and blood velocity flow, ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03578.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Widespread use of cocaine and its attendant toxicity has produced a wealth of benchwork studies and small animal investigations that evaluated the effects of cocaine on the cardiovascular system. Despite this wealth of knowledge, very little is known about the frequency or types of arrhythmias in patients with signifi...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03632.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of propranolol and atenolol given in random order in a cross-over study to fifteen patients with essential hypertension have been studied. 2 Both drugs were effective in lowering blood pressure and side effects were not markedly different. 3 There was no change in exchangeable sodium or potassium or in t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb00501.x
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To use non-linear mixed effects modelling and simulation techniques to predict whether PF-04878691, a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, would produce sufficient antiviral efficacy while maintaining an acceptable side effect profile in a 'proof of concept' (POC) study in chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients. METHO...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04047.x
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of the voltage dependent calcium channel blocking agent nifedipine, and of a calcium free bathing medium, on the responses of human blood vessels obtained postmortem to various agonists have been compared with those of the rat aorta. The human vessels studied were digital arteries, basilar arteries and ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03856.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cefpiramide is a new parenteral cephalosporin mainly excreted in the bile. Eight patients with cholestasis and 11 healthy subjects received a single 1 g i.v. dose. Cefpiramide concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by h.p.l.c. and plasma binding was determined by ultrafiltration. Total clearance of cefpirami...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04278.x
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Labetalol, a new drug combining alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, has been compared with placebo in a double-blind crossover study of a group of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (blood pressure 150/100 to 189/114 mmHg). 2. Labetalol and propranolol lowered blood pressure satisfac...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00898.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The population pharmacokinetics and limited sampling strategies for ciclosporin monitoring have been extensively studied in renal and liver transplant recipients. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin in patients undergoing haematopoietic allogeneic stem c...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04116.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
