Abstract：
PURPOSE:To develop a stable antimicrobial contact lens, which is effective against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) panel microorganisms, Acanthamoeba castellanii and drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS:Melimine was covalently incorporated into etafilcon A lenses. The amount of peptide present on the lens surface was quantified using amino acid analysis. After coating, the heat stability (121°C), lens surface hydrophobicity (by captive bubble), and in vitro cytotoxicity to mouse L929 cells of the lenses were investigated. Antimicrobial activity against the micro-organisms was evaluated by viable plate count and fluorescence microscopy, measuring the proportion of cell death compared with control lenses with no melimine. RESULTS:The most effective concentration was determined to be 152 ± 44 μg lens(-1) melimine on the lens surface. After coating, lenses were relatively hydrophilic and were nontoxic to mammalian cells. The activity remained high after autoclaving (e.g., 3.1, 3.9, 1.2, and 1.0 log inhibition against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. castellanii, and Fusarium solani, respectively). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed significantly reduced (P < 0.001) adhesion of viable bacteria to melimine contact lenses. Viable count confirmed that lenses were active against all the bacteria and fungi from the ISO panel, Acanthamoeba and gave at least 2 log inhibition against all the multidrug resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains. CONCLUSIONS:Melimine may offer excellent potential for development as a broad spectrum antimicrobial coating for contact lenses, showing activity against all the bacterial and fungal ISO panel microorganisms, Acanthamoeba, and antibiotic resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Dutta D,Cole N,Kumar N,Willcox MDdoi
10.1167/iovs.12-10989subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-07 00:00:00pages
175-82issue
1eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.12-10989journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Purpose:We investigated the relationship between inflammation, neuronal loss, and expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the retina of subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in the retina of rats with T1D. Methods:Retinas from T1D (n = 7), T2D (n = 13)...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21654
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although aqueous outflow is most likely a passive, nonenergy-dependent process, alterations in cellular function in the trabecular meshwork presumably are involved in the development of some types of glaucoma. Accordingly, it seems important to define both the normal and abnormal biochemistry of this tissue. The autho...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblasts in the retroocular connective tissue appear to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). We hypothesize that specific attributes, differentiating normal from GO retroocular fibroblasts, may render the latter more vulnerable to the ongoing immunopathological process in GO. We i...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have undergone a thorough eye examination. These patients had statistically significantly lower ocular rigidity measurements than a group of normal volunteers matched on age, sex, and refractive error. In addition, the corneal diameter and length of the eyeball was sm...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Individuals with developmental dyslexia suffer not only from reading problems as more general motor deficits can also be observed in this patient group. Both psychometric clinical tests and objective eyetracking methods suggest that unstable binocular fixation may contribute to reading problems. Because binocul...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-21305
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anterior chamber of the eye is an immunosuppressive microenvironment as shown experimentally by immune privilege, anterior chamber-associated immune deviation, and inability to display local delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. It recently was reported that both the aqueous humor and the cells of the iris and ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on vitreous oxygenation (pO2) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS:Patients due to undergo PPV for either macular hole or epiretinal membrane were recruited. MRI scanning was performed 1 week before and at least 3 months after PPV. MRI T1 mapping wa...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-11258
更新日期：2013-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the response of retinal vessel diameters and oxygen saturation to flicker light stimulation of neuronal activity in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS:We included 18 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mean age 62.2 ± 8.3 years, diabetes type 1 in 4 patients and type 2...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-9659
更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate macular focal cone ERG (fERG) as a tool for reliable and early detection of central retinal function decay in cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). METHODS:A retrospective study of the time course of fERG amplitude and its relation to visual acuity alterations was performed in 47 CRD patients followed yearly f...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12676
更新日期：2013-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To learn whether locally expressed and systemic mediators might modulate the cholinergically induced transepithelial Cl(-) fluxes that underlie lacrimal fluid production. METHODS:Reconstituted epithelial monolayers were exposed to a submaximal dose of the muscarinic agonist, carbachol (CCh), or to one of sever...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10202
更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the effect of aminoguanidine (AMG), an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, on the ocular infection of Balb/c mice with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 strain F and HSV-2 strain G. METHODS:Animals were treated with different amounts of AMG (0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 mg/mouse) by topical application in the...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to determine the importance of lens actin filament configuration to lens accommodation, the pattern of actin filaments in the epithelium was studied in human lenses from different decades of life spanning the accommodative and non-accommodative years. Polygonal arrays of microfilaments were demonstrated in wh...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate whether mucosal immune responses directed against the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii can be detected in tears of healthy humans. METHODS:Nonstimulated tears and blood were obtained from 62 healthy humans (mean age, 35 +/- 10 [SD] years). Serum anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin titers were det...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The global or gross response index of visual performance measured from the eye does not necessarily translate to global responses measured from the brain. A better understanding of this relationship would facilitate the monitoring of disease models that affect the visual pathway. We consider whether rod- and co...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-13003
更新日期：2014-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron is a potent generator of oxidative damage whose levels increase with age, potentially exacerbating age-related diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation may be a factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD retinas have more iron within the photoreceptors, RPE, and drusen than do...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type：
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0568
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Imaging studies suggest that the choroidal vasculature may be altered in central serous chorioretinopathy. Little is known, however, about the regulation of ocular blood flow in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The hypothesis for the present study was that choroidal blood flow changes durin...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0268
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the refractive status and optical components in school age children born prematurely and to examine the risk factors associated with refractive errors. METHODS:The participants were a cohort of children aged 7 to 9 years with gestational age less than 35 weeks or birth weight less than 1500 g. The ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5234
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the importance of lens epithelial cell death in age-related cataract. To determine whether the large percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive lens epithelial cells previously reported in human capsulotomy specimens results from apopto...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The authors investigated how individual differences in macular pigment (MP) density are related to loss of visual sensitivity with age. METHODS:Macular pigment and visual sensitivity of 27 healthy older subjects (aged 60-84 years) were compared with data from 10 younger subjects (aged 24-36 years). Macular pig...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the association between ocular dominance and spherical or astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex. METHODS:Medical records of 10,264 myopic refractive surgery candidates were filtered. Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test. Manifest refractive error was measured in each subje...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8131
更新日期：2011-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare corneal dystrophy that is characterized by abnormal deposits in the corneal stroma, keratocytes, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium, accompanied by progressive clouding. It has been classified into three immunophenotypes--MCD types I, IA, and II--according to the seru...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Metabolism and transport of cysteine are critical for maintenance of the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. In this study, transport mechanisms of L-cystine and regulation of GSH biosynthesis in the absence or presence of NO-induced oxidant stress were investigated in primary cultured rabbit conjunctival ep...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0409
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Stereoscopic displays challenge the neural cross-coupling between accommodation and vergence by inducing a constant accommodative demand and a varying vergence demand. Stereoscopic viewing calls for a decrease in the gain of vergence accommodation, which is the accommodation caused by vergence, quantified by us...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18854
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal cone photoreceptors are polarized cells with discrete functional compartments. Little is known of the membrane-skeleton components in cones responsible for the maintenance of cellular morphology and compartmentalization of integral membrane proteins. The authors describe a high density of the membrane-skeleton...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein known to promote expression of matrix metalloproteinases, a hallmark of ulceration, through interaction with the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of galectin-3 in corneas of patients with ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-23196
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Human tear film stability decreases with increasing age. In this study, the changes in meibum composition were measured in search of markers of tear film instability. METHODS:(1)H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 43 normal donors aged 1 to 88 years were acquired. RESULTS:Compared with meibum fr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8341
更新日期：2012-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has demonstrated that distinct, gender-related differences exist in the morphology of the rat lacrimal gland. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this sexual dimorphism is unique to the rat, or extends as well to other species. Lacrimal glands were collected from adult male and ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid and powerful modulator of neuronal excitability. The neuroprotective effects of allopregnanolone involve potentiation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory responses. Although glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to ganglion cell death in glaucoma, the role of GABA in glauc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15624
更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To explore differences in optic disc tilt and torsion between normal control and glaucoma subjects, and to determine whether the direction of optic disc tilt is consistent with the initial location of glaucomatous visual field (VF) defect. METHODS:Glaucoma patients with isolated superior or inferior hemifield ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-14663
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that acute topical dorzolamide (DZ) decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) and increases retinal and choroidal blood flow in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. METHODS:Retinal and choroidal blood flow were measured in 4- and 9-month-old DBA/2J mice, and 4-month C57BL/6 (control) mice unde...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18291
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
