Caring for children with drug-resistant tuberculosis: practice-based recommendations.

abstract：RATIONALE:There is growing evidence that alveolar cell apoptosis plays an important role in emphysema pathogenesis, a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by alveolar destruction. The association of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency with the development of emphysema has supported the concept that protease/antipr...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Petrache I,Fijalkowska I,Zhen L,Medler TR,Brown E,Cruz P,Choe KH,Taraseviciene-Stewart L,Scerbavicius R,Shapiro L,Zhang B,Song S,Hicklin D,Voelkel NF,Flotte T,Tuder RM

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a widely recognized and often catastrophic complication of organ transplantation. The incidence of PTLD after lung transplantation ranges from 6.2 to 9.4% and is two-fold higher than that seen after organ transplantation of other organs. Primary Epstein-Barr ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Aris RM,Maia DM,Neuringer IP,Gott K,Kiley S,Gertis K,Handy J

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To examine whether these medications might be associated with an excess risk of pneumonia. METHODS:We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of patients with COPD from Que...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ernst P,Gonzalez AV,Brassard P,Suissa S

更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rationale: Tidal expiratory flow limitation (tidal-EFL) is not completely avoidable by applying positive end-expiratory pressure and may cause respiratory and hemodynamic complications in ventilated patients with lungs prone to collapse. During spontaneous breathing, expiratory diaphragmatic contraction counteracts ti...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Pellegrini M,Gudmundsson M,Bencze R,Segelsjö M,Freden F,Rylander C,Hedenstierna G,Larsson AS,Perchiazzi G

更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Implementation of intervention strategies to prevent lung damage in early cystic fibrosis (CF) requires objective outcome measures that capture and track lung disease. OBJECTIVES:To define the utility of the Lung Clearance Index (LCI), measured by multiple breath washout, as a means to track disease progress...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Stanojevic S,Davis SD,Retsch-Bogart G,Webster H,Davis M,Johnson RC,Jensen R,Pizarro ME,Kane M,Clem CC,Schornick L,Subbarao P,Ratjen FA

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We prospectively analyzed the diagnostic yield and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy in the histologic diagnosis of 40 patients with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. During a 4-yr period, 40 patients with SVC obstruction were admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital. Of t...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ko JC,Yang PC,Yuan A,Chang DB,Yu CJ,Wu HD,Lee LN,Kuo SH,Luh KT

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO p...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Morris CR,Poljakovic M,Lavrisha L,Machado L,Kuypers FA,Morris SM Jr

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The determinants of immunoglobulin G (IgG) level and the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in patients with severe lung disease before and after lung transplantation are unknown. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to identify predictors of low IgG levels before and after lung transplantation. METHODS:We performed a retr...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Yip NH,Lederer DJ,Kawut SM,Wilt JS,D'Ovidio F,Wang Y,Dwyer E,Sonett JR,Arcasoy SM

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been four types of drug treatment of asthma that have been used over the past 100 years. Belladonna alkaloids, derived from the thorn-apple plant were used in 1905, and chemically synthesized entities in this class are still in use today. Western medicine began to use adrenergic stimulants approximately 100...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Chu EK,Drazen JM

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Chronic bronchitis (CB) is characterized by persistent cough and sputum production. Studies were performed to test whether mucus hyperconcentration and increased partial osmotic pressure, in part caused by abnormal purine nucleotide regulation of ion transport, contribute to the pathogenesis of CB. OBJECTIVE...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Anderson WH,Coakley RD,Button B,Henderson AG,Zeman KL,Alexis NE,Peden DB,Lazarowski ER,Davis CW,Bailey S,Fuller F,Almond M,Qaqish B,Bordonali E,Rubinstein M,Bennett WD,Kesimer M,Boucher RC

更新日期：2015-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a subgroup of cigarette smokers who are more susceptible than others to the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke and to chronic airflow obstruction. The study of histopathologic and physiologic differences between these "susceptible" smokers and "resistant" smokers, who do not develop clinically significant...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Aguayo SM

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of diaphragm injury, to quantify the injury and number of macrophages at the light microscopic level, and to determine their association with airflow obstruction in humans. Partial-thickness diaphragm biopsies were obtained from 21 subjects going for thoracotomy sur...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Macgowan NA,Evans KG,Road JD,Reid WD

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs) are important regulators of lung development and may also act as autocrine growth factors in lung tumors. We have previously demonstrated expression of mRNA for the three BLP receptor subtypes (neuromedin B [NMB]) receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide [GRP] receptor, and bombesin receptor s...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Siegfried JM,DeMichele MA,Hunt JD,Davis AG,Vohra KP,Pilewski JM

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on cough threshold in patients with digestive symptoms but free from respiratory involvement. Of 57 consecutive subjects referred for 24-h esophageal pH monitoring because of digestive reflux symptoms, 29 patients free from respiratory...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ferrari M,Olivieri M,Sembenini C,Benini L,Zuccali V,Bardelli E,Bovo P,Cavallini G,Vantini I,Lo Cascio V

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-2 has a central role in regulating T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adjunctive immunotherapy with recombinant human IL-2 was studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in 110 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adults in whom smear-positive, drug-susceptible...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Johnson JL,Ssekasanvu E,Okwera A,Mayanja H,Hirsch CS,Nakibali JG,Jankus DD,Eisenach KD,Boom WH,Ellner JJ,Mugerwa RD,Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration.

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-induced lung overdistension and alveolar recruitment in six patients with acute lung injury (ALI) using a computed tomographic (CT) scan method. Lung overdistension was first determined in six healthy volunteers in whom CT sections were obtain...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Vieira SR,Puybasset L,Richecoeur J,Lu Q,Cluzel P,Gusman PB,Coriat P,Rouby JJ

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:FVC has emerged as a standard primary endpoint in clinical trials evaluating novel therapies for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, it has recently been proposed that all-cause mortality or a composite comprised of all-cause mortality and all-cause nonelective hospitalization be adopt...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： King TE Jr,Albera C,Bradford WZ,Costabel U,du Bois RM,Leff JA,Nathan SD,Sahn SA,Valeyre D,Noble PW

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Recent studies have suggested that both embryonic stem cells and adult bone marrow stem cells can participate in the regeneration and repair of diseased adult organs, including the lungs. However, the extent of airway epithelial remodeling with adult marrow stem cells is low, and there are no available in viv...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sueblinvong V,Loi R,Eisenhauer PL,Bernstein IM,Suratt BT,Spees JL,Weiss DJ

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:β2-Agonists are the treatment of choice for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and act through specific receptors (ADRB2). Arg16Gly polymorphisms have been shown to affect responses to regular use of β2-agonists. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the influence of the Arg16Gly receptor polymorphism on salmeterol...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bonini M,Permaul P,Kulkarni T,Kazani S,Segal A,Sorkness CA,Wechsler ME,Israel E

更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We reasoned that a prospective assessment of glucocorticoid withdrawal in subjects with asthma would provide insight into the basis for flares of the disease. We therefore enrolled 25 subjects with moderate persistent asthma and treated them for 30 days with inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,760 microg/day) followed b...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Castro M,Bloch SR,Jenkerson MV,DeMartino S,Hamilos DL,Cochran RB,Zhang XE,Wang H,Bradley JP,Schechtman KB,Holtzman MJ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a significant modifiable risk for respiratory health in children. Although SHSe is declining overall, it has increased for low-income and minority populations. Implementation of effective SHSe interventions within community organizations has the potential for significant pu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Eakin MN,Rand CS,Borrelli B,Bilderback A,Hovell M,Riekert KA

更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The severity of breathlessness at given degrees of airway obstruction varies between patients with asthma. It has been postulated that the symptoms during bronchoconstriction are determined in part by involvement of airway inflammation. We compared the severity of breathlessness at various degrees of acute airway obst...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sont JK,Booms P,Bel EH,Vandenbroucke JP,Sterk PJ

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism responsible for the increased air-space permeability in cigarette smokers is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the air spaces of smokers. Fourteen cigarette smokers underwent 99mT...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Morrison D,Rahman I,Lannan S,MacNee W

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:There are no accepted blood-based biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC/CCL-18) is a lung-predominant inflammatory protein that is found in serum. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether PARC/CCL-18 levels are elevated and modifiable in COPD an...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sin DD,Miller BE,Duvoix A,Man SF,Zhang X,Silverman EK,Connett JE,Anthonisen NA,Wise RA,Tashkin D,Celli BR,Edwards LD,Locantore N,Macnee W,Tal-Singer R,Lomas DA,ECLIPSE Investigators.

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In anaphylactic shock (AS), the relative effects of the autacoids including histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on causing cardiovascular collapse and the extent to which receptor blocking agents and pathway inhibitors may prevent this collapse are not clear. In a ragweed model of anaphylaxis, we examined whet...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Chrusch C,Sharma S,Unruh H,Bautista E,Duke K,Becker A,Kepron W,Mink SN

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Acute lung injury (ALI) that develops 6 hours after transfusion (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Several transfusion characteristics have been postulated as risk factors for TRALI, but the evidence is limited to retrospective studies. OBJECTIVES:To compare patient and transfusio...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gajic O,Rana R,Winters JL,Yilmaz M,Mendez JL,Rickman OB,O'Byrne MM,Evenson LK,Malinchoc M,DeGoey SR,Afessa B,Hubmayr RD,Moore SB

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscles are not well understood. We hypothesized that nonphagocyte NAD(P)H oxidase could be a source of ROS in muscle fibers. We thus investigated the existence, structure, and contribution of nonphagocyte NAD(P)H oxidase to ROS production in rat skele...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Javeshghani D,Magder SA,Barreiro E,Quinn MT,Hussain SN

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The airway surface liquid, the thin layer of liquid covering the airways, is essential for mucociliary clearance and as a barrier against microbial and other noxious agents. Proteins secreted into the airway surface liquid by epithelial and nonepithelial cells may be important in innate immunity and to improv...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Candiano G,Bruschi M,Pedemonte N,Caci E,Liberatori S,Bini L,Pellegrini C,Viganò M,O'Connor BJ,Lee TH,Galietta LJ,Zegarra-Moran O

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the source of intravascular fat in systemic organs (brain, heart, and kidney) after massive pulmonary fat embolism during cemented arthroplasty. We used a bilateral cemented arthroplasty (BCA) in anesthetized mongrel dogs that simulates a cemented total-hip replacement procedure. We hypothesized that d...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Byrick RJ,Mullen JB,Mazer CD,Guest CB

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a previous study of older pulp and paper workers in Berlin, New Hampshire, decrements in spirometry results associated with accidental exposures to high levels of irritant gases depended on cumulative levels of pulp mill exposure and cigarette smoking. Many of those subjects were older and retired. A new study was ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Henneberger PK,Lax MB,Ferris BG Jr

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00