The facilitated values history: helping surrogates make authentic decisions for incapacitated patients with advanced illness.

abstract：RATIONALE:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation caused by a combination of airways disease (bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), whose relative proportion varies from patient to patient. OBJECTIVES:To explore and contrast the molecular pathogenes...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Faner R,Cruz T,Casserras T,López-Giraldo A,Noell G,Coca I,Tal-Singer R,Miller B,Rodriguez-Roisin R,Spira A,Kalko SG,Agustí A

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poor adherence to medication regimens may be contributing to the recent increase in asthma morbidity and mortality. We examined patient characteristics that may influence adherence to twice-daily inhaled steroid regimens. Fifty adults with moderate to severe asthma completed questionnaires examining sociodemographics,...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Apter AJ,Reisine ST,Affleck G,Barrows E,ZuWallack RL

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a significant modifiable risk for respiratory health in children. Although SHSe is declining overall, it has increased for low-income and minority populations. Implementation of effective SHSe interventions within community organizations has the potential for significant pu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Eakin MN,Rand CS,Borrelli B,Bilderback A,Hovell M,Riekert KA

更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on rate of FEV1 decline over 6 yr were examined in 4,451 Japanese-American men from the Honolulu Heart Program who were 45 to 68 yr of age at baseline (1965-1968). Within-person regression was used to calculate annual change in FEV1. Rates of FEV1 decline varied stron...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Burchfiel CM,Marcus EB,Curb JD,Maclean CJ,Vollmer WM,Johnson LR,Fong KO,Rodriguez BL,Masaki KH,Buist AS

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rationale: Recent retrospective evidence suggests the efficacy of early norepinephrine administration during resuscitation; however, prospective data to support this assertion are scarce. Objectives: To conduct a phase II trial evaluating the hypothesis that early low-dose norepinephrine in adults with sepsis with hyp...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Permpikul C,Tongyoo S,Viarasilpa T,Trainarongsakul T,Chakorn T,Udompanturak S

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Small studies have suggested that inhaled corticosteroids can suppress systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To determine the effect of inhaled corticosteroids with or without long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist on systemic biomarkers of inflammation. METHODS:W...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sin DD,Man SF,Marciniuk DD,Ford G,FitzGerald M,Wong E,York E,Mainra RR,Ramesh W,Melenka LS,Wilde E,Cowie RL,Williams D,Gan WQ,Rousseau R,ABC (Advair, Biomarkers in COPD) Investigators.

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To help assess short-term respiratory responses to summertime air pollution, we exposed 24 asthmatic volunteers aged 11-18 in a chamber to respirable acid aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter 0.66 micron) plus 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plus 0.2 ppm ozone (O3). The aerosol contained available hydrogen ions (H...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Linn WS,Anderson KR,Shamoo DA,Edwards SA,Webb TL,Hackney JD,Gong H Jr

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia, and reports suggest that several other clinical conditions are associated with HTLV-I infection, including myelopathy and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical entity of HTLV-I-associated lung disease remains...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kawakami K,Miyazato A,Iwakura Y,Saito A

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In anaphylactic shock (AS), the relative effects of the autacoids including histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on causing cardiovascular collapse and the extent to which receptor blocking agents and pathway inhibitors may prevent this collapse are not clear. In a ragweed model of anaphylaxis, we examined whet...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Chrusch C,Sharma S,Unruh H,Bautista E,Duke K,Becker A,Kepron W,Mink SN

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as well as to compare microbial patterns of severe CAP to a previous study from our respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) originating from 1984 to 1987. Patients admitted to the ICU according to clinical judgment were defi...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ruiz M,Ewig S,Torres A,Arancibia F,Marco F,Mensa J,Sanchez M,Martinez JA

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appearance of portable chest radiographs (CXRs) may be affected by changes in ventilation, particularly when patients are mechanically ventilated. Synchronization of the CXR with the ventilatory cycle should limit the influence of respiratory variation on the appearance of the CXR. This study evaluates the effect ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Langevin PB,Hellein V,Harms SM,Tharp WK,Cheung-Seekit C,Lampotang S

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In unilateral lung injury, application of global positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may cause overdistension of normal alveoli and redistribution of blood flow to diseased lung areas, thereby worsening oxygenation. We hypothesized that selective application of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) will recruit the inju...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Blanch L,Van der Kloot TE,Youngblood AM,Murias G,Naveira A,Adams AB,Romero PV,Nahum A

更新日期：2001-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. Deletion of PKCζ in experimental cancer models has been shown to increase tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of PKCζ down-regulation in cancerous cells have not been previously described. OBJECTIVES:To determine the molecular mec...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Queisser MA,Dada LA,Deiss-Yehiely N,Angulo M,Zhou G,Kouri FM,Knab LM,Liu J,Stegh AH,DeCamp MM,Budinger GR,Chandel NS,Ciechanover A,Iwai K,Sznajder JI

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The lungs of newborn rats exposed to 60% oxygen for 14 days develop an injury that shares morphologic similarities to human bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Neutrophil influx into the lung, as part of an inflammatory response, may play a pivotal role in the development of BPD. A neutrophil chemokine, cytokine-induced...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Yi M,Jankov RP,Belcastro R,Humes D,Copland I,Shek S,Sweezey NB,Post M,Albertine KH,Auten RL,Tanswell AK

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiologic responses to endurance training in patients with moderate to severe airflow obstruction by specifically looking at changes in skeletal muscle enzymatic activities. Eleven patients (age = 65 +/- 7 yr, mean +/- SD, FEV1 = 36 +/- 11% of predicted value, range = 24...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Maltais F,LeBlanc P,Simard C,Jobin J,Bérubé C,Bruneau J,Carrier L,Belleau R

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuously mixed series of microbial communities inhabits various points of the respiratory tract, with community composition determined by distance from colonization sources, colonization rates, and extinction rates. Ecology and evolution theory developed in the context of biogeography is relevant to clinical mic...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Whiteson KL,Bailey B,Bergkessel M,Conrad D,Delhaes L,Felts B,Harris JK,Hunter R,Lim YW,Maughan H,Quinn R,Salamon P,Sullivan J,Wagner BD,Rainey PB

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Acute lung injury (ALI) that develops 6 hours after transfusion (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Several transfusion characteristics have been postulated as risk factors for TRALI, but the evidence is limited to retrospective studies. OBJECTIVES:To compare patient and transfusio...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gajic O,Rana R,Winters JL,Yilmaz M,Mendez JL,Rickman OB,O'Byrne MM,Evenson LK,Malinchoc M,DeGoey SR,Afessa B,Hubmayr RD,Moore SB

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes for the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2 are characterized by polymorphisms resulting in a nonfunctional receptor expression. Ligands for CCR2 and CCR5 (chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1] and RANTES) are implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We have, therefore, analyzed polymorphisms of ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Petrek M,Drábek J,Kolek V,Zlámal J,Welsh KI,Bunce M,Weigl E,Du Bois R

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We prospectively investigated the mechanism of airflow limitation before and after targeted emphysematous resection in 12 consecutively studied adult patients 68 +/- 4 yr of age (mean +/- SD) with very severe COPD undergoing bilateral thoracoscopic stapling techniques. Lung function, static lung elastic recoil, and ai...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gelb AF,Zamel N,McKenna RJ Jr,Brenner M

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Platelets may interact with the immune system in tuberculosis (TB) to regulate human inflammatory responses that lead to morbidity and spread of infection. OBJECTIVES:To identify a functional role of platelets in the innate inflammatory and matrix-degrading response in TB. METHODS:Markers of platelet activa...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fox KA,Kirwan DE,Whittington AM,Krishnan N,Robertson BD,Gilman RH,López JW,Singh S,Porter JC,Friedland JS

更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that hyperresponsiveness of the upper airway (UAHR) is present in patients with chronic cough of diverse etiology. We determined the frequency of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), hyperresponsiveness of the upper airway, sputum eosinophilia, pulmonary aspiration, and psychological symptoms ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Carney IK,Gibson PG,Murree-Allen K,Saltos N,Olson LG,Hensley MJ

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:No methodical assessment of the lung, cardiac, and sleep function of patients surviving an acute hypercapnic respiratory failure episode requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVES:To prospectively investigate the prevalence and impact of comorbidities...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Adler D,Pépin JL,Dupuis-Lozeron E,Espa-Cervena K,Merlet-Violet R,Muller H,Janssens JP,Brochard L

更新日期：2017-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical for critical illnesses are substantial alterations within the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-peripheral hormonal axes that are proportionate to the risk of poor outcome. These neuroendocrine responses to critical illness follow a biphasic pattern. The acute phase (first hours to days) is characterized by an i...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Van den Berghe G

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic inflammation is present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We determined the effects of oral and inhaled corticosteroids on serum markers of inflammation in patients with stable COPD. We recruited 41 patients with mild to moderate ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sin DD,Lacy P,York E,Man SF

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To gain insight into the source of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in normal humans, we examined the effects of respiratory pattern on the concentration of NO in exhaled air while subjects were wearing a noseclip and then under endotracheal intubation, using a specially designed gas sampling system to separate exhaled air i...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tsujino I,Miyamoto K,Nishimura M,Shinano H,Makita H,Saito S,Nakano T,Kawakami Y

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma that causes irreversible airflow obstruction. Although asthma is considered to be a Th2 disease, the role of T-bet and GATA-3, the key transcription factors for differentiation toward Th1 and Th2 cells, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is poo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kiwamoto T,Ishii Y,Morishima Y,Yoh K,Maeda A,Ishizaki K,Iizuka T,Hegab AE,Matsuno Y,Homma S,Nomura A,Sakamoto T,Takahashi S,Sekizawa K

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of chronic wasting, in part associated with a chronic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and prospectively the potential role of leptin in relation to systemic inflammation in the regulation of the energy balance ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Schols AM,Creutzberg EC,Buurman WA,Campfield LA,Saris WH,Wouters EF

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipidomics is a novel and emerging research field that may provide new insights in the origins of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as COPD. OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether expression of the sputu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Telenga ED,Hoffmann RF,Ruben t'Kindt,Hoonhorst SJ,Willemse BW,van Oosterhout AJ,Heijink IH,van den Berge M,Jorge L,Sandra P,Postma DS,Sandra K,ten Hacken NH

更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The exact influence of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) on blood pressure control remains unknown. We investigated the influence of different degrees of SRBD on daytime blood pressure and its association to documented hypertension by examining 1,190 consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of SRBD. The proto...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Grote L,Ploch T,Heitmann J,Knaack L,Penzel T,Peter JH

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The safety of sputum induction and the reproducibility of measurements in induced sputum in multicenter studies is unknown. We examined the safety of sputum induction in a two-visit, six-center study in 79 subjects with moderate to severe asthma (mean +/- SD FEV(1) 71 +/- 12% predicted, 67% taking inhaled corticostero...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fahy JV,Boushey HA,Lazarus SC,Mauger EA,Cherniack RM,Chinchilli VM,Craig TJ,Drazen JM,Ford JG,Fish JE,Israel E,Kraft M,Lemanske RF,Martin RJ,McLean D,Peters SP,Sorkness C,Szefler SJ,NHLBI Asthma Clinical Research Netw

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00