Abstract:
:As a result of sex chromosome differentiation from ancestral autosomes, male mammalian cells only contain one X chromosome. It has long been hypothesized that X-linked gene expression levels have become doubled in males to restore the original transcriptional output, and that the resulting X overexpression in females then drove the evolution of X inactivation (XCI). However, this model has never been directly tested and patterns and mechanisms of dosage compensation across different mammals and birds generally remain little understood. Here we trace the evolution of dosage compensation using extensive transcriptome data from males and females representing all major mammalian lineages and birds. Our analyses suggest that the X has become globally upregulated in marsupials, whereas we do not detect a global upregulation of this chromosome in placental mammals. However, we find that a subset of autosomal genes interacting with X-linked genes have become downregulated in placentals upon the emergence of sex chromosomes. Thus, different driving forces may underlie the evolution of XCI and the highly efficient equilibration of X expression levels between the sexes observed for both of these lineages. In the egg-laying monotremes and birds, which have partially homologous sex chromosome systems, partial upregulation of the X (Z in birds) evolved but is largely restricted to the heterogametic sex, which provides an explanation for the partially sex-biased X (Z) expression and lack of global inactivation mechanisms in these lineages. Our findings suggest that dosage reductions imposed by sex chromosome differentiation events in amniotes were resolved in strikingly different ways.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Julien P,Brawand D,Soumillon M,Necsulea A,Liechti A,Schütz F,Daish T,Grützner F,Kaessmann Hdoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001328subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
e1001328issue
5eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
PBIOLOGY-D-11-03207journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Transposable elements comprise a huge portion of most animal genomes. Unlike many pathogens, these elements leave a mark of their impact via their insertion into host genomes. With proper teasing, these sequences can relay information about the evolutionary history of transposons and their hosts. In a new publication,...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005470
更新日期:2018-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::The Global Health 2035 report notes that the "grand convergence"--closure of the infectious, maternal, and child mortality gap between rich and poor countries--is dependent on research and development (R&D) of new drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other health tools. However, this convergence (and the R&D underpinning...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002363
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::CD45(+):Sca1(+) adult stem cells isolated from uninjured muscle do not display any myogenic potential, whereas those isolated from regenerating muscle give rise to myoblasts expressing the paired-box transcription factor Pax7 and the bHLH factors Myf5 and MyoD. By contrast, CD45(+):Sca1(+) isolated from injured Pax7( ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020130
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::No organism lives in a constant environment. Based on classical studies in molecular biology, many have viewed microbes as following strict rules for shifting their metabolic activities when prevailing conditions change. For example, students learn that the bacterium Escherichia coli makes proteins for digesting lacto...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002068
更新日期:2015-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::How do we defend ourselves against pathogenic microbes and other parasites infecting us? Research on defence against parasites has traditionally focused on resistance--the ability to prevent infection or limit parasite replication. The genetics, physiology, and evolutionary ecology of such traits are now relatively we...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001989
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::To complete cell division with high fidelity, cytokinesis must be coordinated with chromosome segregation. Mammalian Polo-like kinase 1, Plk1, may function as a critical link because it is required for chromosome segregation and establishment of the cleavage plane following anaphase onset. A central spindle-localized ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000110
更新日期:2009-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::In fungi, mating between partners depends on the molecular recognition of two peptidyl mating pheromones by their respective receptors. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp) has two mating types, Plus (P) and Minus (M). The mating pheromones P-factor and M-factor, secreted by P and M cells, are recognized b...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000101
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The reproducibility crisis triggered worldwide initiatives to improve rigor, reproducibility, and transparency in biomedical research. There are many examples of scientists, journals, and funding agencies adopting responsible research practices. The QUEST (Quality-Ethics-Open Science-Translation) Center offers a uniqu...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000576
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::In this Formal Comment the authors respond to objections to their previous Essay, reiterating that comparative linguistics is not an easy undertaking. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000019
更新日期:2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Movements overtly sample sensory information, making sensory analysis an active-sensing process. In this study, we show that visual information sampling is not just locked to the (overt) movement dynamics but to the internal (covert) dynamics of cortico-motor control. We asked human participants to perform continuous ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000898
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) respond to numerous hormonal and neural signals, resulting in changes in food intake. Here, we demonstrate that ARC POMC neurons express capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1)-like receptors. To s...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2004399
更新日期:2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations affect individual health, population persistence, adaptation, diversification, and genome evolution. There is evidence that the mutation rate varies among genotypes, but the causes of this variation are poorly understood. Here, we link differences in genetic quality with variation in spontaneous mutation in ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002419
更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells arise from pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx1)-positive progenitors. The molecular mechanisms controlling cell fate determination and subsequent proliferation, however, are poorly understood. Unlike endocrine cells, less is known about exocrine cell specification. We repo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060293
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although the developmental principles of sensory and cognitive processing have been extensively investigated, their synergy has been largely neglected. During early life, most sensory systems are still largely immature. As a notable exception, the olfactory system is functional at birth, controlling mother-offspring i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006994
更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The deleterious effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on behavior and cognition are a concern in modern society. Persons at risk for impaired performance and health-related issues resulting from prolonged sleep loss would benefit from agents capable of reducing these detrimental effects at the time they are sleep dep...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invariant representations of stimulus features are thought to play an important role in producing stable percepts of objects. In the present study, we assess the invariance of neural representations of tactile motion direction with respect to other stimulus properties. To this end, we record the responses evoked in in...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000305
更新日期:2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past two decades, neuroscientists have increasingly turned their attention to the question of how the brain implements decisions between differently valued options. This emerging field, called neuroeconomics, has made quick progress in identifying a plethora of brain areas that track or are modulated by rewar...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002174
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is a neuron-specific phosphatase that regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, as well as ERK1/2, p38, Fyn, and Pyk2 activity. STEP is overactive in several neuropsychiatr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001923
更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system, which secretes a suite of virulence effector proteins into the host cytoplasm, and the production of a number of toxins such as coronatine (COR), which is a mimic of the plant hormone jasmonate-isoleuce (JA-Ile). Inside the plant cell, ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001792
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this notion based on studies in mast cell-deficient mice is controversial. We therefore established an in vivo model for hyperactive mast cells by specifically ablating the NF-κB negative feedback regulator A20. While A20 d...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001762
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evidence that diel patterns of physiology and behaviour in mammals are governed by circadian 'clocks' is based almost entirely on studies of nocturnal rodents. The emergent circadian paradigm, however, neglects the roles of energy metabolism and alimentary function (feeding and digestion) as determinants of activi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000360
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002794.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002615
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HAPLESS2 (HAP2) is a broadly conserved, gamete-expressed transmembrane protein that was shown recently to be structurally homologous to viral class II fusion proteins, which initiate fusion with host cells via insertion of fusion loops into the host membrane. However, the functional conformation of the HAP2 fusion loo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006357
更新日期:2018-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000193.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000752
更新日期:2020-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotaxis allows bacteria to colonize their environment more efficiently and to find optimal growth conditions, and is consequently under strong evolutionary selection. Theoretical and experimental analyses of bacterial chemotaxis suggested that the pathway has been evolutionarily optimized to produce robust output u...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000171
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, the high-dose refuge (HDR) strategy, aimed at delaying the evolution of pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops, became mandatory in the United States and is being discussed for Europe. However, precopulatory dispersal and the mating rate between residen...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040181
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used a class of designed peptide detergents to stabilize photosystem I (PS-I) upon extended drying under N2 on a gold-coated-Ni-NTA glass surface. PS-I is a chlorophyll-containing membrane protein complex that is the primary reducer of ferredoxin and the electron acceptor of plastocyanin. We isolated the complex fr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030230
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations can originate from the chance misincorporation of nucleotides during DNA replication or from DNA lesions that arise between replication cycles and are not repaired correctly. We introduce a model that relates the source of mutations to their accumulation with cell divisions, providing a framework for underst...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002355
更新日期:2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic activity of GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs) is considered critical to maintain the typically high activity of Rho GTPases found in cancer cells. However, the large number of them has made it difficult to pinpoint those playing proactive, nonredundant roles in tumors. In this work, we have investigated wh...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001615
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapidly grouping local elements into an organized object (i.e., perceptual integration) is a fundamental yet challenging task, especially in noisy contexts. Previous studies demonstrate that ventral visual pathway, which is widely known to mediate object recognition, engages in the process by conveying object-level in...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003646
更新日期:2017-11-30 00:00:00