Abstract:
:How do we defend ourselves against pathogenic microbes and other parasites infecting us? Research on defence against parasites has traditionally focused on resistance--the ability to prevent infection or limit parasite replication. The genetics, physiology, and evolutionary ecology of such traits are now relatively well understood. During the last few years it has been realized that another, conceptually different type of defence also plays an important role in animal host-parasite interactions. This type of defence is called tolerance, and can be defined as the ability to limit the health effects of parasites without preventing infection or controlling parasite replication. Our understanding of the causes and consequences of variation in tolerance is, however, still rudimentary. Three recent studies shed light on these questions. In a study of HIV in humans, Regoes et al. show that an MHC class I gene affects not only resistance (as previously known) but also tolerance. In a study of voles, Jackson et al. identify a transcription factor mediating age differences in tolerance to macroparasites. Finally, Hayward et al. demonstrate that tolerance to intestinal parasites in sheep is under positive directional selection, but that most of the variation is environmentally induced rather than heritable. These studies increase our knowledge of the genetic and physiological sources of variation in tolerance, and how this variation affects Darwinian fitness. In addition, they illustrate different approaches to untangle tolerance from other factors determining the health effects of infectious disease.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Råberg Ldoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001989subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-04 00:00:00pages
e1001989issue
11eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
PBIOLOGY-D-14-03004journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort cargo into vesicles for transport from one membrane compartment of the cell to another. Four distinct AP complexes have been identified, which are present in most eukaryotes. We report the existence of a fifth AP complex, AP-5. Tagged AP-5 localises to a late endosomal compartment i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001170
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Centrosomes comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous pericentriolar material (PCM). Here, we have performed a microscopy-based genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins required for centriole duplication and mitotic PCM recruitment. We analysed 92% of the Droso...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060224
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The causes and mechanisms of evolutionary diversification are central issues in biology. Geographic isolation is the traditional explanation for diversification, but recent theoretical and empirical studies have shown that frequency-dependent selection can drive diversification without isolation and that adaptive dive...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001490
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000193.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000752
更新日期:2020-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::In Amazonian tropical forests, recent studies have reported increases in aboveground biomass and in primary productivity, as well as shifts in plant species composition favouring fast-growing species over slow-growing ones. This pervasive alteration of mature tropical forests was attributed to global environmental cha...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060045
更新日期:2008-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Primates sample their visual environment actively through saccades and microsaccades (MSs). Saccadic eye movements not only modulate neural spike rates but might also affect temporal correlations (synchrony) among neurons. Neural synchrony plays a role in neural coding and modulates information transfer between cortic...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2004132
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::The intrinsic flexibility of proteins allows them to undergo large conformational fluctuations in solution or upon interaction with other molecules. Proteins also commonly assemble into complexes with diverse quaternary structure arrangements. Here we investigate how the flexibility of individual protein chains influe...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001870
更新日期:2014-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Antagonistic interactions drive host-virus evolutionary arms races, which often manifest as recurrent amino acid changes (i.e., positive selection) at their protein-protein interaction interfaces. Here, we investigated whether combinatorial mutagenesis of positions under positive selection in a host antiviral protein ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000181
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catch-up growth after insults to growing organs is paramount to achieving robust body proportions. In fly larvae, injury to individual tissues is followed by local and systemic compensatory mechanisms that allow the damaged tissue to regain normal proportions with other tissues. In vertebrates, local catch-up growth h...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005086
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, biology has undergone a data revolution in how researchers collect data and the amount of data being collected. An emerging challenge that has received limited attention in biology is managing, working with, and providing access to data under continual active collection. Regularly updated data pr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000125
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Disease-associated misfolded proteins or proteins damaged due to cellular stress are generally disposed via the cellular protein quality-control system. However, under saturating conditions, misfolded proteins will aggregate. In higher eukaryotes, these aggregates can be transported to accumulate in aggresomes at the ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040417
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the role of cortical microstructure in organising neural function is well established, it remains unclear how structural constraints can give rise to more flexible elements of cognition. While nonhuman primate research has demonstrated a close structure-function correspondence, the relationship between microstru...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000284
更新日期:2019-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Citizen science is mainstream: millions of people contribute data to a growing array of citizen science projects annually, forming massive datasets that will drive research for years to come. Many citizen science projects implement a "leaderboard" framework, ranking the contributions based on number of records or spec...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000357
更新日期:2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::The small GTPase Rab5 is a key regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. On early endosomes, within a spatially restricted domain enriched in phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate [PI(3)P], Rab5 coordinates a complex network of effectors that functionally cooperate in membrane tethering, fusion, and organelle motility. H...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020261
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kabuki Syndrome patients have a spectrum of congenital disorders, including congenital heart defects, the primary determinant of mortality. Seventy percent of Kabuki Syndrome patients have mutations in the histone methyl-transferase KMT2D. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive these congenital disorders are un...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000087
更新日期:2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::In this Open Highlight, Senior Editor Lauren Richardson features exciting new Open Access research into how species evolve their characteristic traits. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000020
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular aging, a progressive functional decline driven by damage accumulation, often culminates in the mortality of a cell lineage. Certain lineages, however, are able to sustain long-lasting immortality, as prominently exemplified by stem cells. Here, we show that Escherichia coli cell lineages exhibit comparable pa...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000266
更新日期:2019-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::A developing plant organ exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of growth, cell division, cell size, cell shape, and organ shape. Explaining these patterns presents a challenge because of their dynamics and cross-correlations, which can make it difficult to disentangle causes from effects. To address these problems,...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005952
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult humans possess a sophisticated repertoire of mathematical faculties. Many of these capacities are rooted in symbolic language and are therefore unlikely to be shared with nonhuman animals. However, a subset of these skills is shared with other animals, and this set is considered a cognitive vestige of our common...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050328
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal welfare requires the adequate housing of animals to ensure health and well-being. The application of environmental enrichment is a way to improve the well-being of laboratory animals. However, it is important to know whether these enrichment items can be incorporated in experimental mouse husbandry without crea...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005019
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::During biogenesis of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, the pre-40S particles are exported to the cytoplasm prior to final cleavage of the 20S pre-rRNA to mature 18S rRNA. Amongst the factors involved in this maturation step, Fap7 is unusual, as it both interacts with ribosomal protein Rps14 and harbors adenylate kin...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001860
更新日期:2014-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::African swine fever virus (ASFV) can cause highly lethal disease in pigs and is becoming a global threat. ASFV DNA Polymerase X (AsfvPolX) is the most distinctive DNA polymerase identified to date; it lacks two DNA-binding domains (the thumb domain and 8-KD domain) conserved in the homologous proteins. AsfvPolX cataly...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002599
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of cells to accurately control gene expression levels in response to extracellular cues is limited by the inherently stochastic nature of transcriptional regulation. A change in transcription factor (TF) activity results in changes in the expression of its targets, but the way in which cell-to-cell variabi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001528
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the physical interaction between cis-regulatory DNA sequences and proteins drive the evolution of gene expression. However, it has proven difficult to accurately quantify evolutionary rates of such binding change or to estimate the relative effects of selection and drift in shaping the binding evolution. He...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001420
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In fungi, mating between partners depends on the molecular recognition of two peptidyl mating pheromones by their respective receptors. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp) has two mating types, Plus (P) and Minus (M). The mating pheromones P-factor and M-factor, secreted by P and M cells, are recognized b...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000101
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The Amazon is Brazil's greatest natural resource and invaluable to the rest of the world as a buffer against climate change. The recent election of Brazil's president brought disputes over development plans for the region back into the spotlight. Historically, the development model for the Amazon has focused on exploi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000526
更新日期:2019-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-five years after Turing first revealed the potential of systems with local activation and long-range inhibition to generate pattern, we have only recently begun to identify the biological elements that operate at many scales to generate periodic patterns in nature. In this Primer, we first review the theoretical...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2004412
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal DNA transfer (HDT) is a pervasive mechanism of diversification in many microbial species, but its primary evolutionary role remains controversial. Much recent research has emphasised the adaptive benefit of acquiring novel DNA, but here we argue instead that intragenomic conflict provides a coherent framewo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002394
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The illusion of apparent motion can be induced when visual stimuli are successively presented at different locations. It has been shown in previous studies that motion-sensitive regions in extrastriate cortex are relevant for the processing of apparent motion, but it is unclear whether primary visual cortex (V1) is al...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030265
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::How cell proliferation subsides as cells terminally differentiate remains largely enigmatic, although this phenomenon is central to the existence of multicellular organisms. Here, we show that GATA-1, the master transcription factor of erythropoiesis, forms a tricomplex with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and E2F-2....
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000123
更新日期:2009-06-09 00:00:00