Abstract:
:Deciding whether a set of objects are the same or different is a cornerstone of perception and cognition. Surprisingly, no principled quantitative model of sameness judgment exists. We tested whether human sameness judgment under sensory noise can be modeled as a form of probabilistically optimal inference. An optimal observer would compare the reliability-weighted variance of the sensory measurements with a set size-dependent criterion. We conducted two experiments, in which we varied set size and individual stimulus reliabilities. We found that the optimal-observer model accurately describes human behavior, outperforms plausible alternatives in a rigorous model comparison, and accounts for three key findings in the animal cognition literature. Our results provide a normative footing for the study of sameness judgment and indicate that the notion of perception as near-optimal inference extends to abstract relations.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
van den Berg R,Vogel M,Josic K,Ma WJdoi
10.1073/pnas.1108790109subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-21 00:00:00pages
3178-83issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1108790109journal_volume
109pub_type
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