Abstract：
:Human biomonitoring (HBM) has proven an extremely valuable tool for determining which chemicals are getting into people, detecting trends in population exposures over time, and identifying populations with exposures above background. The potential significance of the HBM data in the context of existing toxicology data and risk assessments can be assessed if chemical-specific quantitative screening criteria are available. Such screening criteria would ideally be based on robust datasets relating potential adverse effects to biomarker concentrations in human populations. However, such assessments are data intensive and exist for only a few chemicals. As an interim approach, the concept of Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) has been developed. A Biomonitoring Equivalent (BE) is defined as the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolites in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guidance value such as a Reference Dose (RfD) or Tolerable or Acceptable Daily Intake (TDI or ADI). This paper provides an overview of the derivation of BEs and how BEs can be used to interpret human biomonitoring data in a public health risk context.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Hays SM,Aylward LLdoi
10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
145-8issue
2eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(11)00233-1journal_volume
215pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Household water treatment using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been recognized as a cost-effective means of reducing the heavy burden of diarrhea and other waterborne diseases, especially among populations without access to improved water supplies. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), which is widely used in emergenc...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.004
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to evaluate the contamination level of the Peri Lagoon, the main freshwater reservoir of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil, for human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and somatic coliphages (SOMCPH). Viruses were also investigated in sediments and their sensi...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.009
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The p53 gene plays a major role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acquired mutations may provide clues to etiology, as some carcinogenic agents are associated with specific genetic changes in p53. Our aim was to analyze the spectrum of p53 mutations in tumor tissues from subjects with HCC in Egypt, where there is a r...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.02.002
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of an investigation of the total indoor exposure of residents in PCB contaminated apartments in a building estate in Denmark, 73 homes were visited. Samples of air, vacuum cleaner dust and surface wipes were taken and analysed for 15 PCB congeners. The 53 apartments located in high-rise buildings with indoor P...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113429
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a community-level randomized-controlled trial of cookstove interventions for pregnant women and their newborns in rural Ghana. Given that household air pollution from biomass burning may be implicated in adverse cardiovascular outc...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dusts are one of the main air pollutants emitted during cement manufacturing. A substantial part of these are breathable particles that are less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), which represent a potential threat for the health of the exposed population. This study aimed at evaluating the short-term effects of PM10 conc...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.016
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dissolution of metal-containing particles in the gastric compartment is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of artificial gastric juice chemical composition on bioaccessibility of metals associated with ingestion-based health concerns. Dissolution rates were evaluated for we...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.12.006
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides are persistent organic pollutants that have a widespread distribution in the environment. Human biomonitoring is a suitable tool to assess the burden of humans with these substances. Over a time span of 8 years, a free analysis of their milk was offered to...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.001
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The production and use of the plasticisers Hexamoll® DINCH (di-(iso-nonyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate) and DPHP (di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate) have increased after both chemicals were introduced into the market in the early 2000s as substitutes for restricted high molecular weight phthalates. During the population...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.004
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levoglucosan is a sugar anhydride produced by combustion of carbohydrates. In ambient monitoring it serves as an indicator for wood smoke. Its use in human biomonitoring, however, is not yet widespread. This study investigated whether levoglucosan in urine is a suitable biomarker for regional differences in wood smoke...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.05.001
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urbanization is occurring at an explosive rate, and many cities, especially in low-income countries, are struggling to control growth and stop the development of unplanned communities. This research investigates the in-home environmental health risks associated with planned and unplanned growth in peri-urban communiti...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1078/1438-4639-00314
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cross-sectional study investigated the impact of chronic low level arsenic (As) exposure (11-50μg/L) on CD14 expression and other inflammatory responses in rural women of West Bengal enrolled from control (As level <10μg/L; N, 131) and exposed area (As level 11-50μg/L, N, 142). Atomic absorption spectroscopy revea...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.003
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The UK Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) provides research and analytical support to the Health and Safety Executive, other Government Departments and employers. In the area of biomonitoring HSL conducts research studies and provides an analytical service for regular surveillance of worker exposure to hazardous subst...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.028
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We investigated the role of a stress-sensitive personality on relations between noise, noise annoyance and somatic symptom reporting. First, we investigated the cross-sectional association of road traffic noise exposure and somatic symptoms, and its modification by hostility and vulnerability to stress. Seco...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.05.001
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Even though increased environmental platinum levels were found since the introduction of automobile catalytic converters, little is known about the pathways of corporal uptake and the bioavailability of platinum in the general adult population. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the main expos...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.07.004
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the metal distribution in blood samples from the general population and the risk of having high metal concentration for metal workers. METHODS:Metal concentrations were determined in archived blood samples from 1411 men and 1410 women (median age 59 and 57 years, respectively) collect...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.009
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent chemicals used as industrial surfactants, fire-fighting foams, and textile treatments. Early childhood exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113565
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a growing need to develop a powerful bactericidal method with low ethanol concentrations due to the frequent ineffectiveness of traditional antibiotics against biofilms and the side effect of a high ethanol concentration. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to develop a novel synergistic technique replacing...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113586
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nowadays, coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is still believed to be the main occupational disease in China. However, information on the exact prevalence of the disease is not available. Therefore, the aims of our investigation were to provide the missing information in China by conducting a systematic evaluation of p...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.006
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An elevated frequency of wheezing was found in school children in a rural area of Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany (Duhme and Keil, Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany 1997). In this study the prevalence of wheezing was reinvestigated by including main influencing factors....
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1078/1438-4639-00154
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low-environmental exposure levels are debated. OBJECTIVE:We examined the association of blood Pb (B-Pb), blood Cd (B-Cd), urinary Pb (U-Pb) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) with estim...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some fragrance compounds are severe contact allergens. According to the so-called "26 allergens rule" (Article 1 (10) of Directive 2003/15/EC) (EC, 2003), 26 supposedly allergenic fragrances must be listed on the containers of cosmetics products if they are present above certain mass percentages in the produ...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.04.001
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize bioaerosol exposure at workplaces standardized methods are necessary. Activity of endotoxin, one component of organic dust, can be quantified with the Limulus-Amoebocyte Lysat test (LAL test). Further information with respect to pyrogenic activity of the organic dust can be achieved by measuring cytoki...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.03.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical cancer (CC) is potentially the most preventable and treatable cancer in human but it is a leading cause for cancer morbidity and mortality in women around the world. Therefore, more innovative prevention and treatment protocols need to be developed and implemented. With better understanding of the etiology of...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.10.003
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disentangling the separate and synergistic effects of chemicals poses methodological challenges for accurate exposure assessment and for investigating epidemiologically how chemicals affect reproduction. We investigated combined exposures to ubiquitous contemporary use pesticides, specifically organophosphates (OP) an...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lower Ruhr River is located in a densely populated and industrialized area in Northrhine-Westphalia (NRW) in western Germany. Due to upgrades of sanitary infrastructure, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs), and a decline of industrial production, water quality of Ruhr Ri...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorination of seawater is one of the most effective technologies for industrial biofouling control. However, chlorination leads to the formation of halogenated chlorination byproducts (CBPs) associated with potential risks to environmental and human health. The present study investigated the occurrence and distribut...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.06.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations of biofilms, generated in a silicone tube model have shown that the number of colony forming units (CFU) can reach 10(7)/cm(2), the total cell count (TCC) of microorganisms can be up to 10(8)cells/cm(2). The present study focuses on the situation in in-building distribution systems. Different c...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.04.006
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to the decrease of lead intake via inhalation route, the oral route, particularly from drinking water in cities with lead installations, gains relative importance. In two surveys a total of 288 objects were investigated and 1768 samples were analysed. The first series with 51 objects using a field experimental app...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1078/1438-4639-00164
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conflicting evidence concerning possible harm from mercury (Hg) in regard to offspring cognition if the woman eats fish has prompted this study to examine evidence from a British pre-birth cohort to investigate the relationship between the two. METHODS:Pregnant women (median prenatal blood mercury 1.86μg/L)...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.004
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
