Abstract:
:Household water treatment using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been recognized as a cost-effective means of reducing the heavy burden of diarrhea and other waterborne diseases, especially among populations without access to improved water supplies. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), which is widely used in emergencies, is an alternative source of chlorine that may present certain advantages over NaOCl for household-based interventions in development settings. We summarize the basic chemistry and possible benefits of NaDCC, and review the available literature concerning its safety and regulatory treatment and microbiological effectiveness. We review the evidence concerning NaDCC in field studies, including microbiological performance and health outcomes. Finally, we examine studies and data to compare NaDCC with NaOCl in terms of compliance, acceptability, affordability and sustainability, and suggest areas for further research.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Clasen T,Edmondson Pdoi
10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
173-81issue
2eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(05)00139-2journal_volume
209pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This publication is a report on the workshop "The use of biomarkers for risk assessment" which took place in November 2007 in Prague, the Czech Republic. The main aim of the workshop was to bring together a broad international audience with a particular interest in the development and application of human biomonitorin...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.05.006
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical cancer (CC) is potentially the most preventable and treatable cancer in human but it is a leading cause for cancer morbidity and mortality in women around the world. Therefore, more innovative prevention and treatment protocols need to be developed and implemented. With better understanding of the etiology of...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.10.003
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the Ruhr River, bathing has been prohibited for decades. However, along with significant improvements of the hygienic water quality, there is an increasing demand of using the river for recreational purposes, in particular for bathing. In the "Safe Ruhr" interdisciplinary research project, demands, options and cha...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.007
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human campylobacteriosis is currently the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis on the island of Ireland, accounting for over 3,000 laboratory reports per year, where circa 2,000 reports originate from the Republic of Ireland and circa 1,000 reports from Northern Ireland. Elsewhere, consumption of conta...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00215
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript presents highlights of recent studies and perspectives from the French human biomonitoring (HBM) programme. Until recently, HBM studies focused on specific populations or pollutants to gain a better understanding of exposure to environmental chemicals, to help regulators reduce environmental exposure a...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.008
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with increased cardiovascular outcomes, mediated by a hypothesized biological mechanism of systemic inflammation and oxidation. Although PM10 has been linked to inflammatory markers in a nationally representative sample (NHANES) using ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.12.002
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological evidence that ambient exposure, including particulate matter (PM) is related to adverse health outcomes continues to mount. Inflammation and disease of the upper respiratory tract are commonly suggested as effects of ambient exposure. Therefore we studied both ambient exposure and nasal effects in ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00122
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Though increasing evidence supports significant association between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and stroke, it remains unclear what characteristics, such as particle size and chemical constituents, are responsible for this association. A time-series model with quasi-Poisson function was applied to assess the...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.11.002
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we estimated the possibility of using benchmark dose (BMD) to assess the dose-response relationship between vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure and chromosome damage. A group of 317 workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer and 166 normal, unexposed control in Shandong Province northern...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.02.008
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent chemicals used as industrial surfactants, fire-fighting foams, and textile treatments. Early childhood exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113565
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::High fish consumption and extended breastfeeding are hallmarks of traditional lifestyle in Western Amazonia. We studied sources of mercury exposure, fish-methylmercury (meHg) and dental-amalgam filling, in 75 urban and 82 rural lactating mothers. Total mercury was determined in all samples while meHg concentrations we...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.011
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low-environmental exposure levels are debated. OBJECTIVE:We examined the association of blood Pb (B-Pb), blood Cd (B-Cd), urinary Pb (U-Pb) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) with estim...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a community-level randomized-controlled trial of cookstove interventions for pregnant women and their newborns in rural Ghana. Given that household air pollution from biomass burning may be implicated in adverse cardiovascular outc...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.10.004
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inorganic arsenic species As(III), As(V) and the organic species methylarsonate (MMA(V)), dimethylarsinate (DMA(V)) and arsenobetaine (AsB) were determined in human urine by a fast anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS method, which was developed for clinical laboratories with high sample throughput. This paper compares typi...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.09.003
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A national survey was conducted to determine polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in human milk samples collected from 16 provinces in China to assess current exposure and temporal trends in China. The arithmetic mean concentration of total TE...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.013
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human biomonitoring (HBM) has proven an extremely valuable tool for determining which chemicals are getting into people, detecting trends in population exposures over time, and identifying populations with exposures above background. The potential significance of the HBM data in the context of existing toxicology data...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an interdisciplinary approach the exposure to lead and cadmium of the population living in the vicinity of a Bulgarian non-ferrous metallurgical plant was studied to determine the routes of exposure. Two exposed villages situated 4 and 6 km SW and W, respectively,--in the plume of the plant's emissions--and a villa...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00194
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations are exposed to mixtures of pesticides through their diet on a daily basis. The question of which substances should be assessed together remains a major challenge due to the complexity of the mixtures. In addition, the associated risk is difficult to characterise. The EuroMix project (European Test and Risk...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.002
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since chlorhexidine is effective against microorganisms, it is widely recommended in dentistry. However, studies have provided evidence that chlorhexidine is toxic for a variety of cell types. In order to identify potential genotoxins in different cell types, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether chlorh...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.09.001
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Even though increased environmental platinum levels were found since the introduction of automobile catalytic converters, little is known about the pathways of corporal uptake and the bioavailability of platinum in the general adult population. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the main expos...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.07.004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multifactorial risk factors are responsible for many diseases. They can be broadly categorized as environmental, genetic and life style factors. Much attention has been focused on the first two categories, e.g. the identification of environmental toxicants/carcinogens and the elucidation of genetic susceptibility to d...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00067
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The objective of the study was to measure the indoor air quality in classrooms with special emphasis on particulate matter (PM 10) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and the impact of cleaning and ventilation. MATERIAL AND METHOD:PM 10 was analysed via gravimetric method and by laser beam technology. CO(2) was anal...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.011
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Moderate fish consumption is recommended for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have known beneficial effects on risk factors such as reducing blood pressure (BP) and increasing paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. However concomitant m...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levoglucosan is a sugar anhydride produced by combustion of carbohydrates. In ambient monitoring it serves as an indicator for wood smoke. Its use in human biomonitoring, however, is not yet widespread. This study investigated whether levoglucosan in urine is a suitable biomarker for regional differences in wood smoke...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.05.001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some fragrance compounds are severe contact allergens. According to the so-called "26 allergens rule" (Article 1 (10) of Directive 2003/15/EC) (EC, 2003), 26 supposedly allergenic fragrances must be listed on the containers of cosmetics products if they are present above certain mass percentages in the produ...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.04.001
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ensuring safe drinking-water is the target of the Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach, which has been successfully applied to a large number of water supply systems around the world. Effective country-wide scaling up of WSP implementation requires an enabling environment at the policy level. By utilizing a multi-step mix...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113553
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper provides the first baseline information on a national scale regarding lead exposure in the Spanish adult population. Blood lead levels were measured in a representative sample of the Spanish working population (1880 subjects aged 18-65 years) in order to help establish reference levels, follow temporal tren...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.09.001
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the National Implementation Plan on persistent organic pollutants (POP) for the years 2004-2020 the situation on POP was actualised in Latvia. The aim of the study was to assess the contamination of breast milk with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF)...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.016
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to evaluate the contamination level of the Peri Lagoon, the main freshwater reservoir of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil, for human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and somatic coliphages (SOMCPH). Viruses were also investigated in sediments and their sensi...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.009
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to some phthalate diesters and bisphenol A in the general population is a cause of increasing concern because of their potential adverse effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems and their broad presence in foodstuff and consumer products. The aims of this work are to assess patterns of exposure to ph...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.07.005
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00