Abstract：
PURPOSE:Reading a text requires vergence angle adjustments, so that the images in the two eyes fall on corresponding retinal areas. Vergence adjustments bring the two retinal images into Panum's fusional area and therefore, small remaining errors or regulations do not lead to double vision. The present study evaluated dynamic and static aspects of the binocular coordination when upcoming text was blurred. METHODS:Binocular eye movements and accommodation responses were simultaneously measured for 20 participants while reading single, nonblurred sentences and while the text was blurred as if it were seen by a person in whom the combination of refraction and accommodation deviated from the stimulus plane by 0.5 D. RESULTS:Text comprehension did not change, even though fixation times increased for reading blurred sentences. The disconjugacy during saccades was also not affected by blurred text presentations, but the vergence adjustment during fixations was reduced. Further, for blurred text, the overall vergence angle shifted in the exo direction, and this shift correlated with the individual heterophoria. Accommodation measures showed that the lag of accommodation was slightly larger for reading blurred sentences and that the shift in vergence angle was larger when the individual lag of accommodation was also larger. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that reading comprehension is robust against changes in binocular coordination that result from moderate text degradation; nevertheless, these changes are likely to be linked to the development of fatigue and visual strain in near reading conditions.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Jainta S,Dehnert A,Heinrich SP,Jaschinski Wdoi
10.1167/iovs.11-8237subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-09 00:00:00pages
9416-24issue
13eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.11-8237journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：Purpose:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease with multifactorial etiology. There is a need to identify clinical features that are harbingers of advanced disease. We evaluated morphologic features of the retina and choroid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine if they predict prog...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21696
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Sensory imbalances in humans with amblyopia have been well documented using luminance-modulated (first-order) stimuli. However, little is known regarding whether there is a deficient binocular combination in amblyopes for stimuli defined by modulations in contrast (second-order stimuli). To address this, we ask...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18253
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To establish an experimental mouse model of retinal detachment (RD) created by corneal puncture (CP). METHODS:Mouse corneas were punctured with a 30.5-gauge beveled needle, and the anterior chamber was penetrated. Histologic and functional changes of the retina were examined by light microscopy and electroreti...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8241
更新日期：2012-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To determine whether combining quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters can achieve high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) as well as eyes with diabetes and no ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-24142
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To develop a stable antimicrobial contact lens, which is effective against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) panel microorganisms, Acanthamoeba castellanii and drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS:Melimine was covalently incorporated into et...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10989
更新日期：2013-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Age-related macular degeneration is a common form of vision loss affecting older adults. The etiology of AMD is multifactorial and is influenced by environmental and genetic risk factors. In this study, we examine how 19 common risk variants contribute to drusen progression, a hallmark of AMD pathogenesis. MET...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18571
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) are members of a large group of homologous peptides identified as the VEGF family. Although VEGF-A is known to act as a potent angiogenic peptide in the retina, the vasoactive function of PlGF in this tissue is less well defined. Thi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0040
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The exact pathophysiological processes underlying keratoconus remain an enigma. In this study, laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was used to define further the microstructural abnormalities in the keratoconic cornea and to establish the relationship with disease severity. METHODS:This was a pro...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-0968
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Weak eye muscles can cause ophthalmic disorders, and in particular, strabismus. Exogenous trophic factors such as cardiotrophin (CT)-1 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) have been shown to increase the contractile force of adult heart and skeletal muscles, respectively. In the current study, the effects of en...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0393
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the capacity for rapid saccade adaptation in Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS), a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, in which it has been observed that saccadic accuracy is severely reduced. METHODS:Saccade amplitude modification was elicited by backward steps (30% of target eccentricity) during ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0617
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Geographic atrophy (GA) is the late stage of non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A lack of animal models for GA has hampered treatment efforts. Presented herein is a rat model for GA using subretinal injection of sodium iodate (NaIO3). Methods:Rats were given subretinal injections of NaIO3 (5 μg/...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-24245
更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Acute optic neuritis (ON) is often followed by recovery of visual function. Although this recovery is mainly attributable to resolution of the acute inflammation, the redistribution of ion channels along the demyelinated membrane, and subsequent remyelination, part of it may be the result of neural plasticity. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4577
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Orbital eye position and vestibular sensitivity have both been postulated to influence vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) axis direction. The interaction of these factors in unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) was examined. METHODS:Initial VOR direction and magnitude were examined in six normal human subjec...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-0784
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the effects of genistein on choriocapillaris regeneration and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) wound healing in a surgical model in the rabbit. METHODS:Intravitreal injections of either 0.1 ml of a 90-microM concentration of genistein, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; negative control), or 2 microg cyclohexim...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isotonic, neutral buffered solutions of benzalkonium chloride or chlorhexidine digluconate were applied topically to one eye of rabbits or human subjects. Contralateral control eyes received phosphate buffered saline as placebo. One-half hour later, the tear film of both eyes was loaded with nonpreserved sodium fluore...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test whether retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are able to induce myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) differentiation from bone marrow (BM) progenitors. METHODS:BM cells were cocultured with or without RPE cells in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Numbers of resultant MDSCs were assessed by flow cyt...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8377
更新日期：2012-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe an instrument called a scanning ocular spectrofluorophotometer (SOSF) that measures fluorescence in a two-dimensional cross-section through the anterior chamber and cornea and provides the ability to change excitation and emission wavelengths rapidly. The output of a xenon arc lamp is filtered by a diffrac...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The purpose of this review was to provide detailed insights into the pathophysiology of myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis (scarring or late haze) after corneal injury, surgery, or infection. Method:Literature review. Results:The epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or endothelium and Descemet's...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-24428
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Retinal dopamine deficiency is a potential cause of myopia and visual deficits in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We investigated the cellular mechanisms responsible for lowered levels of retinal dopamine in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model of ROP. METHODS:Retinopathy was induced by exposing m...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-19346
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Candida remains the leading cause of fungal endophthalmitis. However, the pathobiology and innate immune responses in this disease are not well characterized. Here, we developed two murine models of candida endophthalmitis and evaluated their disease susceptibility and differential immune response. Methods:End...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.11.31
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the progressive degeneration of retinal and superior collicular functions in a mouse model of sustained ocular hypertension. METHODS:Focal laser illumination and injection of polystyrene microbeads were used to induce chronic ocular hypertension. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was characteriz...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15691
更新日期：2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:This study addresses the hypothesis that age-related stresses upregulate Thy-1 in choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) and contribute to CEC activation and migration, processes important in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods:Measurements were made of Thy-1 protein (Western blot) in CECs and Thy-1 mRNA (...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-19691
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The role of VEGF-A in the normal ciliary body is largely unexplored. The ciliary body is similar in many respects to the choroid plexus of the brain, and we demonstrated previously the importance of VEGF-A in maintenance of choroid plexus vasculature and ependymal cells. Therefore, the role of VEGF-A in ciliary...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10098
更新日期：2012-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of human recombinant TIGR/myocilin (MYOC) protein on outflow resistance in the human anterior segment. METHODS:A cDNA for MYOC was inserted into a bacterial expression system and purified with nickel ion affinity chromatography. The anterior segments of 12 pairs of human eyes were place...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study sought to examine the acute effects of ocular ischemia and reperfusion on retinal function and determine the extent to which recovery during reperfusion is improved by allopurinol (AP), a blocker of xanthine oxidase (XO). The latter is presumed to be a major factor in the formation of free radicals a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the association between ocular dominance and spherical or astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex. METHODS:Medical records of 10,264 myopic refractive surgery candidates were filtered. Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test. Manifest refractive error was measured in each subje...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8131
更新日期：2011-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To map the gene for autosomal dominant cataracts (ADC) in an American white family of European descent. METHODS:Ophthalmic examinations and linkage analyses using a variety of polymorphisms were performed; two-point lod scores calculated. RESULTS:Affected individuals (14 studied) exhibited variable expressivi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine a time window in the rhodopsin knockout (Rho(-/-)) mouse during which retinal function is already sufficiently developed but cone degeneration is not yet substantial, thus representing an all-cone retina. METHODS:Electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained from 14 homozygous Rho(-/-) mice and eight C5...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Determine which posterior uveal melanoma (PUM) size classification with three categories has the best prognostic discrimination. Methods:Single-institution study of 424 consecutive patients with PUM. The tumor's largest basal diameter (LBD), smallest basal diameter (SBD), and thickness (TH) were estimated by f...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-20465
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitreous and macrophage samples were tested for the ability to stimulate proliferation and cell migration in cultured rabbit retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A macrophage invasion was elicited by the intravitreal injection of latex particles in rabbits and after 3 days the vitreal macrophages were collected. The macr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
