3D lithography by rapid curing of the liquid instabilities at nanoscale.

abstract：:A readily accessible new class of near infrared (NIR) molecular probes has been synthesized and evaluated. Specific fluorophores in this unique xanthene based regioisomeric seminaphthofluorone dye series exhibit a combination of desirable characteristics including (i) low molecular weight (339 amu), (ii) aqueous solub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Lowry M,Xu X,Escobedo JO,Sibrian-Vazquez M,Wong L,Schowalter CM,Jensen TJ,Fronczek FR,Warner IM,Strongin RM

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastasis of solid tumors is a key determinant of cancer patient survival. Targeting micrometastases using nanoparticles could offer a way to stop metastatic tumor growth before it causes excessive patient morbidity. However, nanoparticle delivery to micrometastases is difficult to investigate because micrometastases...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kingston BR,Syed AM,Ngai J,Sindhwani S,Chan WCW

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A critique is presented of the Lumsden-Wilson theory [Lumsden, C. J. & Wilson, E. O. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4382-4386] of the transmission of cultural traits. An analysis of the underlying assumptions and the mathematical nature of the theory clarifies its essentially reductionist and determinist qualit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alper JS,Lange RV

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria form colonies and secrete extracellular polymeric substances that surround the individual cells. These spatial structures are often associated with collaboration and quorum sensing between the bacteria. Here we investigate the mutual protection provided by spherical growth of a monoclonal colony during exposu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eriksen RS,Svenningsen SL,Sneppen K,Mitarai N

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The early detection of pathogens with epidemic potential is of major importance to public health. Most emerging infections result in dead-end "spillover" events in which a pathogen is transmitted from an animal reservoir to a human but is unable to achieve the sustained human-to-human transmission necessary for a full...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Geoghegan JL,Senior AM,Di Giallonardo F,Holmes EC

更新日期：2016-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been reported that an insulin 2 gene knockout, when bred onto nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, accelerates diabetes. We produced insulin 1 gene knockout congenic NOD mice. In contrast to insulin 2, diabetes and insulitis were markedly reduced in insulin 1 knockout mice, with decreased and delayed diabetes in heter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moriyama H,Abiru N,Paronen J,Sikora K,Liu E,Miao D,Devendra D,Beilke J,Gianani R,Gill RG,Eisenbarth GS

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies of legume nodules have indicated that formation of the heme moiety of leghemoglobin is a function of the bacterial symbiont. We now show that a hemA mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that cannot carry out the first step in heme biosynthesis forms fully effective nodules on soybeans. The bacterial mut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerinot ML,Chelm BK

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of T1ST2, the IL-33R, by Th2 cells requires GATA3. Resting Th2 cells express little GATA3, which is increased by IL-33 and a STAT5 activator, in turn increasing T1ST2 from its low-level expression on resting Th2 cells. Th2 cells that have upregulated T1ST2 produce IL-13, but not IL-4, in response to IL-33 p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo L,Wei G,Zhu J,Liao W,Leonard WJ,Zhao K,Paul W

更新日期：2009-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of primary petite (rho-) clones were isolated after ethidium bromide mutagenesis of various grande (rho+) strains of S. cerevisiae that contained the mitochondrial genetic markers, CR, ER, OIR (or OIIR), and PR. From the frequency of coretention of markers in the petites, we have deduced a probable circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boltin-Fukuhara M,Fukuhara H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Volcanic rifted margins are typically associated with a thick magmatic layer of seaward dipping reflectors and anomalous regional uplift. This is conventionally interpreted as due to melting of an arriving mantle plume head at the onset of rifting. However, seaward dipping reflectors and uplift are sometimes asymmetri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan JP,Taramón JM,Araujo M,Hasenclever J,Perez-Gussinye M

更新日期：2020-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:West Nile virus, which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes while feeding on birds and humans, has emerged as the dominant vector borne disease in North America. We have identified natural compounds from humans and birds, which are detected with extreme sensitivity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Syed Z,Leal WS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase T2 enzymes are conserved in most eukaryotic genomes, and expression patterns and phylogenetic analyses suggest that they may carry out an important housekeeping role. However, the nature of this role has been elusive. Here we show that RNS2, an intracellular RNase T2 from Arabidopsis thaliana, is essential for n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hillwig MS,Contento AL,Meyer A,Ebany D,Bassham DC,Macintosh GC

更新日期：2011-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A molecular model of poorly understood hydrophobic effects is heuristically developed using the methods of information theory. Because primitive hydrophobic effects can be tied to the probability of observing a molecular-sized cavity in the solvent, the probability distribution of the number of solvent centers in a ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hummer G,Garde S,García AE,Pohorille A,Pratt LR

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A method has been developed that enables us to identify intracellular degradation intermediates of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13). This method is based on the use of antibody against thoroughly denatured purified aldolase. This antibody ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reznick AZ,Rosenfelder L,Shpund S,Gershon D

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During protein synthesis, elongation factor G (EF-G) binds to the ribosome and promotes the step of translocation, a process in which tRNA moves from the A to the P site of the ribosome and the mRNA is advanced by one codon. By using three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy, we have visualized EF-G in a ribosome-EF-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agrawal RK,Penczek P,Grassucci RA,Frank J

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Myoglobin-mediated oxygen delivery to intracellular mitochondria is demonstrated in cardiac myocytes isolated from the hearts of mature rats. Myocytes are held at high ambient oxygen pressure, 40-340 torr (5-45 kPa); sarcoplasmic myoglobin is fully oxygenated. In this condition oxygen availability does not limit respi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wittenberg BA,Wittenberg JB

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chaperones of the Hsp70 family bind to unfolded or partially folded polypeptides to facilitate many cellular processes. ATP hydrolysis and substrate binding, the two key molecular activities of this chaperone, are modulated by the cochaperone DnaJ. By using both genetic and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suh WC,Burkholder WF,Lu CZ,Zhao X,Gottesman ME,Gross CA

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The accuracy of computer predictions of RNA secondary structure from sequence data and free energy parameters has been increased to roughly 70%. Performance is judged by comparison with structures known from phylogenetic analysis. The algorithm also generates suboptimal structures. On average, the best structure withi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jaeger JA,Turner DH,Zuker M

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The potential involvement of ceramide-related signaling processes in the induction of apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alpha was assessed by multiple biochemical strategies in the human leukemic cell lines HL-60 and U937 and the murine fibrosarcoma cell lines L929/LM and WEHI 164/13. Exposure of these cells to tumor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jarvis WD,Kolesnick RN,Fornari FA,Traylor RS,Gewirtz DA,Grant S

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have shown that hemophilia B (Christmas disease; factor IX deficiency) results from many different mutations in the factor IX gene, of which greater than 95% are single nucleotide substitutions. This study has identified a previously unreported form of hemophilia B in a patient who was a somatic mosaic for a g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor SA,Deugau KV,Lillicrap DP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpesvirus entry into cells requires the coordinated action of multiple virus envelope glycoproteins, including gH, gL, and gB. For EBV, the gp42 protein assembles into complexes with gHgL heterodimers and binds HLA class II to activate gB-mediated membrane fusion with B cells. EBV tropism is dictated by gp42 levels ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sathiyamoorthy K,Jiang J,Möhl BS,Chen J,Zhou ZH,Longnecker R,Jardetzky TS

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In Caenorhabditis elegans, pre-mRNA for the essential splicing factor U2AF65 sometimes is spliced to produce an RNA that includes an extra 216-bp internal exon, exon 3. Inclusion of exon 3 inserts an in-frame stop codon, yet this RNA is not subject to SMG-mediated RNA surveillance. To test whether exon 3 causes RNA to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： MacMorris MA,Zorio DA,Blumenthal T

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. Defects in lamins A and C cause an array of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and progeria, but no diseases have been linked to the loss of lamins B1 or B2. To explore the functional relevance...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coffinier C,Chang SY,Nobumori C,Tu Y,Farber EA,Toth JI,Fong LG,Young SG

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The recently evolved Hawaiian species Drosophila silvestris has a subdivided population structure and shows great spatial heterogeneity in chromosome inversion distributions and frequencies within its extremely limited geographic range. Pattern analysis of the 11 chromosomal polymorphisms in the context of the recentl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Craddock EM,Carson HL

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multisubunit vacuolar-type H(+)ATPases mediate acidification of various intracellular organelles and in some tissues mediate H(+) secretion across the plasma membrane. Mutations in the B1-subunit of the apical H(+)ATPase that secretes protons in the distal nephron cause distal renal tubular acidosis in humans, a c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finberg KE,Wagner CA,Bailey MA,Paunescu TG,Breton S,Brown D,Giebisch G,Geibel JP,Lifton RP

更新日期：2005-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves following injury and during repair would help in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases caused by an abnormal myelin sheath. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence stain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu B,Xin W,Tan JR,Zhu RP,Li T,Wang D,Kan SS,Xiong DK,Li HH,Zhang MM,Sun HH,Wagstaff W,Zhou C,Wang ZJ,Zhang YG,He TC

更新日期：2019-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Coatomer, the major component of the coat of COPI transport vesicles, binds both to the dilysine motif of resident membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and to the cytoplasmic domain of p23, a major type I membrane protein of COPI vesicles. Using a photocrosslinking approach, we find that under native conditi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harter C,Wieland FT

更新日期：1998-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Betidamino acids (a contraction of "beta" position and "amide") are N'-monoacylated (optionally, N'-monoacylated and N-mono- or N,N'-dialkylated) aminoglycine derivatives in which each N'acyl/alkyl group may mimic naturally occurring amino acid side chains or introduce novel functionalities. Betidamino acids are most ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rivier JE,Jiang G,Koerber SC,Porter J,Simon L,Craig AG,Hoeger CA

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms ensuring balanced growth remain a critical question in developmental biology. In plants, this balance relies on spatiotemporal integration of hormonal signaling pathways, but the understanding of the precise contribution of each hormone is just beginning to take form. Brassinosteroid (BR) hormone is sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vragović K,Sela A,Friedlander-Shani L,Fridman Y,Hacham Y,Holland N,Bartom E,Mockler TC,Savaldi-Goldstein S

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic interactions between dissolved oxygen and nitroxide radical spin probes lead to broadening of the ESR lines. We have used a closed-chamber method based on this property to determine the maximum rate of O2 uptake per cell (Vmax per cell) in cultured mammalian cells. A suitable spin probe and a cell suspension ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lai CS,Hopwood LE,Hyde JS,Lukiewicz S

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00