Abstract：
PURPOSE:Refraction, as measured by spherical equivalent, is the need for an external lens to focus images on the retina. While genetic factors play an important role in the development of refractive errors, few susceptibility genes have been identified. However, several regions of linkage have been reported for myopia (2q, 4q, 7q, 12q, 17q, 18p, 22q, and Xq) and for quantitative refraction (1p, 3q, 4q, 7p, 8p, and 11p). To replicate previously identified linkage peaks and to identify novel loci that influence quantitative refraction and refractive errors, linkage analysis of spherical equivalent, myopia, and hyperopia in the Beaver Dam Eye Study was performed. METHODS:Nonparametric, sibling-pair, genome-wide linkage analyses of refraction (spherical equivalent adjusted for age, education, and nuclear sclerosis), myopia and hyperopia in 834 sibling pairs within 486 extended pedigrees were performed. RESULTS:Suggestive evidence of linkage was found for hyperopia on chromosome 3, region q26 (empiric P = 5.34 × 10(-4)), a region that had shown significant genome-wide evidence of linkage to refraction and some evidence of linkage to hyperopia. In addition, the analysis replicated previously reported genome-wide significant linkages to 22q11 of adjusted refraction and myopia (empiric P = 4.43 × 10(-3) and 1.48 × 10(-3), respectively) and to 7p15 of refraction (empiric P = 9.43 × 10(-4)). Evidence was also found of linkage to refraction on 7q36 (empiric P = 2.32 × 10(-3)), a region previously linked to high myopia. CONCLUSIONS:The findings provide further evidence that genes controlling refractive errors are located on 3q26, 7p15, 7p36, and 22q11.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Klein AP,Duggal P,Lee KE,Cheng CY,Klein R,Bailey-Wilson JE,Klein BEdoi
10.1167/iovs.10-7096subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-13 00:00:00pages
5220-5issue
8eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.10-7096journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Visual thresholds and rhodopsin levels were determined in nine subjects with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. The subjects fell into two groups, corresponding to two subtypes of the disease revealed by two-color, dark-adapted static perimetry. In the first of these subtypes, rod-mediated function was variably ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While using cobalt (Co2+) to block synaptic transmission in an in vitro preparation of chick retina, the authors observed significant changes in the DC electroretinogram (DC ERG). Cobalt (3.0 mM) increased the amplitudes of all three photoreceptor-dependent responses of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): the c-wave...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium removal from the solution bathing the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium caused a reduction in both unidirectional and net flux of bicarbonate, whereas chloride withdrawal from the solution had no effect on the net bicarbonate flux but increased the unidirectional fluxes. These data correlate with previously p...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work demonstrated that a mannose receptor is involved in the phagocytosis of rod outer segments by the rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study the binding of soluble mannose-containing ligands by human RPE explants is described. In addition, the authors report the isolation of a mannose receptor fro...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To isolate and characterize ciliary body epithelial antigens reactive with a monoclonal antibody, 2B4.14.1. METHODS:A mouse monoclonal antibody generated against human corneal endothelium, 2B4.14.1 reacts with nonpigmented epithelium of human and guinea pig ciliary bodies. The ciliary body proteins reactive wi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Checkerboard reversal stimuli were used to evoke transient pattern electroretinograms (P-ERGs) from the eyes of 14 patients with amblyopia and 14 normal subjects. In the control group, and in normal eyes of patients, pattern electroretinograms were obtained with monocular central fixation. Amblyopic eyes were examined...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the rat retina against the injury that ordinarily follows prolonged ischemia. It has been shown that release of adenosine, de novo protein synthesis, and mediators, such as protein kinase C and K(ATP) channels, is required for IPC protection. However, the molecular mechan...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The scleral spur and trabecular mesh of the human eye contain approximately 5% elastic tissue. Elastic tissue forms less than 2% of the sclera. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment leads to long-term photoreceptor survival in hereditary retinal degeneration. METHODS:An autosomal dominant feline model of rod-cone dystrophy was used throughout the study with two normal animals. In ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Because immune rejection is likely to be a major barrier to successful retinal transplantation, it is important to determine whether immune privilege for allogeneic retinal grafts is a feature of the subretinal space and vitreous cavity. METHODS:Newborn neural retinas of C57BL/6 mice were implanted into the su...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the long-term effects of transient ligature of the ophthalmic vessels (LOV) on the inner and outer retina as well as on retinotectal projection, and whether brimonidine (BMD) has protective effects. METHODS:In adult rats, the left eye was subjected to 90 minutes of LOV. One hour before ischemia,...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0392
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate clinical, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetical characteristics of 116 patients with a diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) presenting primarily in the ocular region. METHODS:Specimens from all patients with a diagnosis of ophthalmic lymphoma in Denmark during the period 1980 to 20...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2539
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To present a new method of performing scanning laser ophthalmoscope perimetry that compensates for eye movements so that the correct retinal location is tested even if fixation changes. This allows for accurate testing of patients with central scotomas and for repeating testing longitudinally at the same retina...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize a new nontransfected, spontaneously immortalized epithelial cell line from normal human conjunctiva (IOBA-NHC), both morphologically and functionally, to determine whether the differentiated phenotype of conjunctival epithelial cells is preserved. METHODS:Outgrowing cells from explanted conjunc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-0560
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Horseradish peroxidase has been injected into the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque monkeys to label ganglion cells of the retina by retrograde axoplasmic transport. Displaced ganglion cells, with somata in the inner nuclear layer and dendrites in the inner plexiform layer, were detected by virtue of their ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate possible protective effects of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) against photoreceptor death in light-damaged, Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and P23H rhodopsin transgenic rats. METHODS:Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD), 6-week-old RCS, and 10-day-old P23H (line 1, heterozygote) r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Contrast detection is commonly measured clinically; however, discrimination between contrasts is also important for natural vision. Furthermore, optimal performance requires the visual system to adapt to ambient contrast conditions. Recent studies of primate neurophysiology demonstrate significant retinal invol...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-3332
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the mydriatic effect and the short-term corneal endothelial safety of intracamerally injected N-methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylamine (epinine) to phenylephrine in a porcine eye model. METHODS:One hundred twelve eyes from newly slaughtered pigs were used in this study. After pretreatment with 20 mg intrac...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3651
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the role of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Rho in the migration of corneal epithelial cells. METHODS:The presence of the Rho target proteins Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK)-1 and ROCK-2 in rabbit cornea was examined by immunohistochemical analysi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is considered to be a crucial event in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cumulative oxidative damage has been implicated in the development of the changes seen in AMD. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the express...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The uveal absorption of aqueous humor at two different intraocular pressures was measured in rhesus monkeys by sampling vortex vein blood during anterior chamber perfusion of Ringer's solution containing both fluorescein and 125I albumin. At 20 mm. Hg, an excess of fluorescein equivalent in amount to 0.45 microliter/m...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the expression pattern of claudins in human corneal endothelium, and to evaluate the functional role of the claudin-10b subtype. METHODS:Corneal endothelium with Descemet's membrane and the corneal epithelium were stripped from donor human corneal stroma. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12022
更新日期：2013-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to determine the importance of lens actin filament configuration to lens accommodation, the pattern of actin filaments in the epithelium was studied in human lenses from different decades of life spanning the accommodative and non-accommodative years. Polygonal arrays of microfilaments were demonstrated in wh...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To explore the role of integrin alpha5beta1 in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) pathogenesis by evaluating the expression alpha5beta1 on ARPE-19 cells and patient proliferative membranes, quantifying the inhibitory effects of JSM6427 (a small molecule alpha5beta1 inhibitor) on ARPE-19 cell adhesion and mig...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3575
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrastructural cytochemistry was used to localize a previously undescribed retinal enzyme activity, ie, "manganese-dependent pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase" (MDPNase) activity in retinas from rats raised in cyclic light and killed at various times in the lighting cycle. In retinas fixed during the last 3 hr of darkness, ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare action spectra for visual discomfort in the fovea and the parafovea and to determine the effect of macular pigment (MP). METHODS:Visual discomfort thresholds to lights from 440 to 600 nm were obtained for six young (<35 y), visually normal subjects with a wide range of MP densities (0.10-0.71 at 30'...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12365
更新日期：2013-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness and visual field loss data from patients with glaucoma were analyzed in the context of a model, to better understand individual variation in structure versus function. METHODS:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL thickness and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual fi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2697
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional host defense molecules. Human beta-defensin 9 (HBD9) has previously been shown to be downregulated during ocular surface (OS) infection or inflammation. Here, the authors aimed to study localization of HBD9 protein in different OS regions and to determine the ro...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5334
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:TGF-betas regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and they play important roles in maintenance of corneal epithelium. However, the precise function of TGF-betas in the corneal epithelium remains unclear. In this study, cDNA expression array technology was used to demonstrate the effect of TGF-beta1 on ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether changes in the retinal blood flow in light and darkness occur in humans. METHODS; The systolic and diastolic flow velocities were measured by color Doppler in the ophthalmic and the central retinal arteries in 12 healthy individuals in light and darkness. RESULTS:In the ophthalmic artery t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
