Local kinetics of morphogen gradients.

abstract：:The principal methyl donor of the cell, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), is produced by the highly conserved family of methionine adenosyltranferases (MATs) via an ATP-driven process. These enzymes play an important role in the preservation of life, and their dysregulation has been tightly linked to liver and colon cancer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murray B,Antonyuk SV,Marina A,Lu SC,Mato JM,Hasnain SS,Rojas AL

更新日期：2016-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The turnover rates of junctional acetylcholine receptors were measured in innervated and denervated mouse sternomastoid neuromuscular junctions by 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding. First, we determined that the density of labeled toxin initially bound to the neuromuscular junction was essentially unchanged up t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loring RH,Salpeter MM

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing of a 360-nucleotide segment of the mitochondrial control region for 63 individuals from an Amerindian tribe, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of the Pacific Northwest, revealed the existence of 28 lineages defined by 26 variable positions. This represents a substantial level of mitochondrial diversity for a small local p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ward RH,Frazier BL,Dew-Jager K,Pääbo S

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An antibody (anti-p21ser) was raised against a ras p21-related synthetic peptide and was able to recognize specifically the substitution of serine for glycine at amino acid 12 of p21. This substitution causes oncogenic activation of p21. Anti-p21ser was found to immunoprecipitate v-Ki-ras p21 and to strongly inhibit i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark R,Wong G,Arnheim N,Nitecki D,McCormick F

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Destruction of mitotic cyclins by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is required for cells to complete mitosis and enter interphase of the next cell cycle. In clam eggs, this process is catalyzed by a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein, E2-C, and the cyclosome/anaphase promoting complex (APC), a 20S particle cont...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Townsley FM,Aristarkhov A,Beck S,Hershko A,Ruderman JV

更新日期：1997-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Natal philopatry, the return of individuals to their natal area for reproduction, has advantages and disadvantages for animal populations. Natal philopatry may generate local genetic adaptation, but it may also increase the probability of inbreeding that can compromise persistence. Although natal philopatry is well do...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salles OC,Pujol B,Maynard JA,Almany GR,Berumen ML,Jones GP,Saenz-Agudelo P,Srinivasan M,Thorrold SR,Planes S

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence of the supposedly buried tryptophan in ribonuclease T1 has been found to be collisionally quenched by acrylamide with a rate constant of 3 X 10(8) M--1 sec--1. Only a slight decrease in the quenching rate is observed upon a 5-fold increase in the viscosity of the solution. For this to be the case, the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eftink MR,Ghiron CA

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a critical signaling hub responsible for translating antigen binding signals to immune receptors for the activation of the AP-1 and NF-κB master transcriptional programs. Despite its importance, known substrates of TAK1 are limited to kinases of the MAPK and IKK families and include ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levin RS,Hertz NT,Burlingame AL,Shokat KM,Mukherjee S

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:In genotypic mutation analysis DNA sequence changes are determined without the in vivo or in vitro selection of phenotypically altered cells. We have studied the induction of base-pair changes by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Taq I endonuclease recognition site 2508-2511 (TCGA) of the c-H-ras1 gene in human fibroblasts by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiocca SM,Sandy MS,Cerutti PA

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously identified and purified a cell surface glycoprotein from retina and brain, called neural cell adhesion molecule or N-CAM, that appears to be involved in neural cell--cell adhesion, the fasciculation of neurites, and the formation of normal tissue patterns in the retina. The present studies reveal th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rutishauser U,Hoffman S,Edelman GM

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Originally recognized for their role in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease, apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) have also been implicated to play a key role in several biological processes not directly related to their lipid transport function. For example, apoE4 contributes signif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burt TD,Agan BK,Marconi VC,He W,Kulkarni H,Mold JE,Cavrois M,Huang Y,Mahley RW,Dolan MJ,McCune JM,Ahuja SK

更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase contains four isoforms of the catalytic subunit, p110alpha, -beta, -gamma, and -delta. At physiological levels of expression, the wild-type p110alpha isoform lacks oncogenic potential, but gain-of-function mutations and overexpression of p110alpha are correlated with oncogenicity. The...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang S,Denley A,Vanhaesebroeck B,Vogt PK

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Adhesive P pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli were not assembled by a strain that lacks the periplasmic disulfide isomerase DsbA. This defect was mostly attributed to the immunoglobulin-like pilus chaperone PapD, which possesses an unusual intrasheet disulfide bond between the last two beta-strands of its CD4-like...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jacob-Dubuisson F,Pinkner J,Xu Z,Striker R,Padmanhaban A,Hultgren SJ

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Sera from 30 patients with astrocytoma were tested for antibody reacting with cell surface antigens of cultured autologous astrocytoma cells. Ten percent of the patients had antibody detectable by mixed hemadsorption assays, approximately 50% by immune adherence and protein A assays, and 100% by anti-C3-mixed hemadsor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pfreundschuh M,Shiku H,Takahashi T,Ueda R,Ransohoff J,Oettgen HF,Old LJ

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor α 1 gene (THRA) have recently been identified as a cause of intellectual deficit in humans. Patients present with structural abnormalities including microencephaly, reduced cerebellar volume and decreased axonal density. Here, we show that directed differentiation of THRA muta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krieger TG,Moran CM,Frangini A,Visser WE,Schoenmakers E,Muntoni F,Clark CA,Gadian D,Chong WK,Kuczynski A,Dattani M,Lyons G,Efthymiadou A,Varga-Khadem F,Simons BD,Chatterjee K,Livesey FJ

更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression networks are complicated by the assortment of regulatory factors that bind DNA and modulate transcription combinatorially. Single-cell measurements can reveal biological mechanisms hidden by population averages, but their value has not been fully explored in the context of mRNA regulation. Here, we ada...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang L,Brugge JS,Janes KA

更新日期：2011-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant photoreceptor phytochrome plays an important role in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Numerous studies imply, however, that phytochromes in both higher and lower plants mediate physiological reactions within the cytoplasm. In particular, the tip cells of moss protonemal filaments use phytochrome ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mittmann F,Brücker G,Zeidler M,Repp A,Abts T,Hartmann E,Hughes J

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Detailed molecular definition of the WAGR region at chromosome 11p13 has been achieved by chromosome breakpoint analysis and long-range restriction mapping. Here we describe the molecular detection of a cytogenetically invisible 1-megabase deletion in an individual with aniridia, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias but no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Heyningen V,Bickmore WA,Seawright A,Fletcher JM,Maule J,Fekete G,Gessler M,Bruns GA,Huerre-Jeanpierre C,Junien C

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The p53 tumor suppressor protein and the MDM2 oncoprotein form a feedback-control loop that up-regulates cellular MDM2 production, blocks p53 activity, and promotes p53 decay. tsg101 was discovered as a gene whose deficiency results in neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells and the ability to generate metastatic t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li L,Liao J,Ruland J,Mak TW,Cohen SN

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hodgkin disease (HD) is characterized by a small number of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells among a major population of nonmalignant cells. The analysis of H/RS cells has been hampered by their low frequency and fragility. Here, we describe the isolation of viable H/RS cells from HD affected tissues b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Irsch J,Nitsch S,Hansmann ML,Rajewsky K,Tesch H,Diehl V,Jox A,Küppers R,Radbruch A

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Migration of the cells in osteoblastic lineage, including preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, has been postulated to influence bone formation. However, the molecular bases that link preosteoblastic/osteoblastic cell migration and bone formation are incompletely understood. Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase; coll...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aryal A C S,Miyai K,Izu Y,Hayata T,Notomi T,Noda M,Ezura Y

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play central roles in almost all physiological functions; mutations in GPCRs are responsible for more than 30 disorders. There is a great deal of information about GPCR structure but little information that directly relates structure to protein trafficking or to activation. The gona...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Janovick JA,Conn PM

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently reported that the posttraumatic spread of degeneration in the damaged optic nerve can be attenuated by the adoptive transfer of autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein. However, it would be desirable to obtain immune neuroprotection free of any possible autoimmune disease. In an attempt to obta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kipnis J,Yoles E,Porat Z,Cohen A,Mor F,Sela M,Cohen IR,Schwartz M

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A cloned segment of yeast DNA containing the structural gene for imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (D-erythro-imidazoleglycerolphosphate hydro-lase, EC 4.2.1.19) is transcribed and translated in Escherichia coli with sufficient fidelity to produce functional enzyme. This segment of yeast DNA was isolated as a via...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Struhl K,Davis RW

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the proclamation of Lowenstam and Weiner that crustaceans are the "champions of mineral mobilization and deposition of the animal kingdom," relatively few proteins from the two main calcification sites in these animals, i.e., the exoskeleton and the transient calcium storage organs, have been identified, seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shechter A,Glazer L,Cheled S,Mor E,Weil S,Berman A,Bentov S,Aflalo ED,Khalaila I,Sagi A

更新日期：2008-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. In fibrillation, fragmented electrical waves meander erratically through the heart muscle, creating disordered and ineffective contraction. Theoretical and computer studies, as well as recent experimental evidence, have suggested that fibrillation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garfinkel A,Kim YH,Voroshilovsky O,Qu Z,Kil JR,Lee MH,Karagueuzian HS,Weiss JN,Chen PS

更新日期：2000-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Nature is rife with networks that are functionally optimized to propagate inputs to perform specific tasks. Whether via genetic evolution or dynamic adaptation, many networks create functionality by locally tuning interactions between nodes. Here we explore this behavior in two contexts: strain propagation in mechanic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rocks JW,Ronellenfitsch H,Liu AJ,Nagel SR,Katifori E

更新日期：2019-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Prion protein consists of an ensemble of glycosylated variants or glycoforms. The enzymes that direct oligosaccharide processing, and hence control the glycan profile for any given glycoprotein, are often exquisitely sensitive to other events taking place within the cell in which the glycoprotein is expressed. Alterat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rudd PM,Endo T,Colominas C,Groth D,Wheeler SF,Harvey DJ,Wormald MR,Serban H,Prusiner SB,Kobata A,Dwek RA

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli DnaK acts as a molecular chaperone through its ATP-regulated binding and release of polypeptide substrates. Overexpressing a C-terminal fragment (CTF) of DnaK (Gly-384 to Lys-638) containing the polypeptide substrate binding domain is lethal in wild-type E. coli. This dominant-negative phenotype may r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burkholder WF,Zhao X,Zhu X,Hendrickson WA,Gragerov A,Gottesman ME

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome prepa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang J,Gill BS,Wang GL,Ronald PC,Ward DC

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00