Chemo-resistant melanoma sensitized by tamoxifen to low dose curcumin treatment through induction of apoptosis and autophagy.

Abstract:

:Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, which is notoriously aggressive and chemo-resistant, and for which there is little effective treatment available if it goes undetected. Curcumin from the turmeric spice (Curcuma longa) has long been used in Southeast Asian medicine to alleviate ailments and cure an array of diseases and disorders. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and most importantly anti-carcinogenic activity. There have been contradictory reports discussing the efficacy of curcumin-induced death on melanoma. In this report we show that curcumin does induce apoptosis in A375 and the relatively resistant G361 malignant human melanoma cell lines at higher doses. Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) blocker that is used for ER positive breast cancer treatment. Recently, tamoxifen has been shown to directly target the mitochondria. Given that curcumin is a pro oxidant and tamoxifen can act on mitochondria, we ask whether the combinatorial treatment could result in synergistic induction of apoptosis in chemo-resistant melanoma. Our results show a corresponding increase in phosphatidyl serine flipping, mitochondria depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the combined treatment at lower doses. Interestingly, there was significant induction of autophagy along with apoptosis following the combined treatment. Importantly, non-cancerous cells are unaffected by the combination of these non-toxic compounds. However, once exposed to low doses of this co-treatment, melanoma cells still retain signals to commit suicide even after removal of the drugs. This combination provides a non-toxic option for combinatorial chemotherapy with great potential for future use.

journal_name

Cancer Biol Ther

journal_title

Cancer biology & therapy

authors

Chatterjee SJ,Pandey S

doi

10.4161/cbt.11.2.13798

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-01-15 00:00:00

pages

216-28

issue

2

eissn

1538-4047

issn

1555-8576

pii

13798

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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