Abstract:
:Glucocorticoid hormones affect gene expression directly at the level of transcription via intracellular receptors that translocate to the nucleus in the presence of steroid. In the brain, two types of high-affinity receptors bind glucocorticoids, the type I, mineralocorticoid receptor and the type II, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Both receptor types are expressed by many types of neurons. Although binding studies have suggested that glial cells may also express receptors, the expression of these receptors in specific classes of glia has not been studied previously. This immunocytochemical study was undertaken to determine which of the different classes of glial cells express type II GR. Primary cultures of mixed glial cells from rat cerebrum and cerebellum, purified oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, as well as two glial tumor cell lines were screened for the expression of glucocorticoid receptors using a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rat liver GR (BuGR-2). Glial cell types were identified by morphology and immunoreactivity (IR) with antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP), or myelin basic protein (MBP). Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that all GFAP-IR cells (type 1 and type 2 astrocytes), all CNP- or MBP-IR cells (oligodendrocytes), as well as immature and intermediate cell types expressed GR, although at different levels. C6 glioma and JScl1 Schwannoma cells were observed to express moderate to high levels of GR. Furthermore, cells grown in the absence of glucocorticoids had diffuse GR staining over the cytoplasm, whereas cells grown in the presence of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone had strong nuclear staining. These results demonstrate that, in vitro, all classes of glial cells express glucocorticoid receptors that can translocate to the nucleus in the presence of hormone. These observations suggest that glial cells are major targets for glucocorticoid-directed control of gene transcription in the nervous system.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Vielkind U,Walencewicz A,Levine JM,Bohn MCdoi
10.1002/jnr.490270315subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-11-01 00:00:00pages
360-73issue
3eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
27pub_type
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21385
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490290210
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980301)51:5<658::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical or total brain cultures of microglia are commonly used as a model to study the inflammatory processes in Parkinson's disease. Here we characterize microglia cultures from rat ventral midbrain and evaluate their response to zymosan A. We used specific markers of microglia and evaluated the morphology, the phag...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22219
更新日期:2010-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400609
更新日期:1995-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490300305
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24557
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21875
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is a form of cell death historically defined by morphological and biochemical changes that occur in the cell body and nucleus. However, in contrast to nonneuronal cells in which apoptosis has been most intensively studied, neurons exhibit elaborate morphologies with synaptic connections often located at site...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Shaw subfamily of potassium channel genes, including Kv3.1, are highly expressed within the auditory nuclei of the brainstem, where they have been implicated in the characteristic response properties of particular types of neurons. Potassium currents carried by Kv3.1 are voltage-dependent, have a high activation t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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更新日期:1999-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990215)55:4<504::AID-JNR
更新日期:1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chloride efflux is known to be involved in the progression of apoptosis in various cell types. We have recently shown that the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channel serves as the pathway for apoptotic chloride efflux in some cells. In the present study, we tested the neuroprotective effects of dru...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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doi:10.1002/jnr.21279
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The subcellular targeting of mRNAs encoding myelin proteins to the oligodendrocyte processes is an accepted fact in myelin formation. How these messengers are kept silent during their movement to the subcellular domain where they are turned on remains a mystery. This review focuses on aspects of mRNA targeting and spe...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory response initiated after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at the impact site. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a strong candidate for mediating chemotaxis of monocytes to the injured nervous system. To help in defining the role of MCP-1 in infla...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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更新日期:2005-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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更新日期:2004-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In order to identify the relative number of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in Purkinje and granule cells, the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mouse was used at different ages. In these mice, Purkinje cells have degenerated almost completely by 45-50 days of age. Granule cell loss occurs only later, and is most ...
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更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00