Abstract:
:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cycle intensity on subsequent running performance and combined cycle-run (CR) performance. Seven triathletes undertook a cycling graded exercise test to exhaustion, an isolated 500-kJ cycle time trial (CTT) and an isolated 5-km running time trial. Then they performed a series of CR tests, at various cycle intensities, followed by an all-out, 5-km run. The CR tests were separated into four categories based on the percentage of the CTT at which the cycle was performed (CR 81-85%, CR 86-90%, CR 91-95%, and CR 96-100%). Running performance was slower during CR 96-100% compared to CR 81-85% and CR 86-90% (20:45 ± 1:19 vs. 19:56 ± 0:40 and 19:46 ± 0:49 min; P < 0.05), but not CR 91-95% (20:19 ± 1:08 min; P > 0.05). CR performance was maximised during CR 96-100% when compared to CR 81-85, CR 86-90 and CR 91-95% (56:37 ± 4:04 vs. 62:40 ± 5:30, 59:53 ± 4:41 and 58:29 ± 4:40 min; P < 0.05). The results suggest that combined cycle and run performance is maximised when the cycle is completed at the highest sustainable intensity.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Suriano R,Bishop Ddoi
10.1007/s00421-010-1547-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
753-60issue
4eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
110pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its importance, athlete populations, especially females and endurance athletes, are commonly diagnosed with iron deficiency, suggesti...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04157-y
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fatality of deep hypothermia in non-hibernating mammals follows the cessation of respiration and heart beat, and a massive influx of calcium (Ca(++)) into cells. This review presents evidence relating to restoration of key physiological functions during hypothermia in several animal preparations. For example, in a...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0875-7
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maximal active force of skeletal muscle contraction occurs at a sarcomere length where overlap of thick and thin filaments is optimal. However, the interaction of muscle length and active force is complicated. Active force, is the force generated by energy-requiring processes. To calculate active force, passive force ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3591-3
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel approach for predicting the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The prediction is based on the force-velocity and load-velocity relationships determined from measured force and velocity data collected during resistance-training exercises with incremental submaximal...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3457-0
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the possible risks incurred while diving is inert gas narcosis (IGN), yet its mechanism of action remains a matter of controversy. Although providing insights in the basic mechanisms of IGN, research has been primarily limited to animal studies. A human study, in real diving conditions, was needed. Twenty volun...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2391-z
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared two methods to determine IL-6 at rest and following exercise. On two occasions, plasma IL-6 was determined in 10 men and 13 women before and immediately following 90 min of cycling at 65% V(O)(2max) using a cytometric bead array (CBA) and an ELISA. The CBA detected IL-6 in 63% of pre-exercise samples and 8...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0866-8
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is a widely accepted premise in the scientific community and by athletes alike, that adding resistance exercise to a regular regimen of endurance training increases endurance performance in endurance-trained men. However, critical power (CP), capillarization, and myofiber size remain unaffected by this addit...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2752-2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of using a single test in which cardiorespiratory variables are measured, to establish training guidelines in running and/or cycling training activities. Six triathletes (two females and four males), six runners (two females and four males) and six males cyclis...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210050033
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and the associated release of damage and inflammatory markers. METHODS:After a pre-performance test, 19 untrained subjects...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04382-w
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the influence of the frequency of measurement on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during sub-maximal exercise. On two occasions participants performed 35 min sub-maximal treadmill exercise at the same running speed. In both runs RPE was measured after 5 min. Thereafter, RPE was measured at either 10-m...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1041-6
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purposes of this study were to compare the acute cardiorespiratory responses and muscle oxygenation trends during incremental cycle exercise to exhaustion with those observed during 30 s and 45 s Wingate tests in healthy men and women, and to examine the relationships between selected variables among these tests. ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210000372
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study examined whether lower-volume exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) performed 2 weeks before high-volume muscle-damaging exercise protects against its detrimental effect on running performance. METHODS:Sixteen male participants were randomly assigned to a lower-volume (five sets of ten squats, n = 8...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3131-y
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information on cerebral oxygenation during prolonged driving in healthy humans may help to explain the cause and development of central fatigue and its effects on cortex activities. The objective of this study is to investigate the time course of cerebral oxygenation during a prolonged driving task. Forty healthy male...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1122-6
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to gain insight into the role that the transitory increases in anabolic hormones play in muscle hypertrophy with unilateral resistance training. Ten healthy young male subjects (21.8 +/- 0.4 years, 1.78 +/- 0.04 m, 75.6 +/- 2.9 kg; mean +/- SE) engaged in unilateral resistance training for 8 week (3 days/week...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0300-z
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported the unique regional responses of facial skin blood flow (SkBF) to oral application of the basic tastes without simultaneous systemic circulatory changes. In the present study, we determined whether a systemic circulatory challenge due to sympathetic activation induces regional differences i...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2522-6
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the effect of acute blood flow restriction during the late recovery phase between two resistance exercise bouts on muscular endurance and oxygenation. METHODS:Amateur male middle- and long-distance runners performed two bouts of one-leg dynamic plantar flexion exercise to failure wi...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3771-1
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that there is a relationship between the voice the human emotional status. Previous studies have demonstrated that changes of fundamental frequency ( f(0)), in particular, have a significant relationship with emotional load. The aim of the present study was to investigate how f(0) changes in response ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0625-1
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of sports activities in the over forties has increased the number of middle-aged patients performing heavy-load exercise. The normal response of ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP) and ankle to brachial index (ABI) to intense exercise is known in young athletes, but little is known for other age group...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0105-5
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy strength training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), determinants of cycling performance, and cycling performance in well-trained cyclists. Twenty well-trained cyclists were assigned to either usual endurance training combined with heavy strengt...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1307-z
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine and compare systemic arterial stiffness responses in humans to acute continuous and interval low-intensity exercise. METHODS:Fifteen healthy young men (21.2 ± 0.4 years) underwent non-exercise control (CON), continuous exercise (CE), and interval exercise trial (IE) in a randomized balanced self-con...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2869-y
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate changes in muscle activity associated with physiological fatigue and decreased swimming velocity (SV) during 200 m of front crawl swimming, and (2) to examine the relationship between the decreased SV and changes in kinematic or electromyogram parameters. Twenty swimmers par...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2321-0
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of intensive, moderate and downhill treadmill running on blood lymphocyte expression of adhesion/activation (AA) molecules. Trained subjects completed three treadmill-running protocols of identical duration: (1) an intensive protocol at 80% VO2max to volitional exhaustion, (2) a moderat...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0146-4
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) is proposed to be a protective response to prevent cold injuries in the extremities during cold exposure, but the laboratory-based trainability of CIVD responses in the hand remains equivocal. Therefore, we investigated the thermal response across the fingers with repeated local cold...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0727-5
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sildenafil and epoprostenol are effective therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Both drugs increase cardiac output, which has been in part attributed to improved right ventricular (RV) contractility. We therefore used tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to test whether sildenafil and epoprostenol might differen...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2085-y
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study compared responses to static stretching between eccentrically damaged and non-damaged muscles. METHODS:Twelve young men performed 60 maximum knee flexor eccentric contractions of one leg, and received a 300-s continuous passive static stretching at tolerable intensity without pain to both knee flexo...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3079-3
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) threshold, a measure of sensitivity in the spinal nociceptive system. METHODS:Sixteen healthy students (age 25.7 ± 0.6 years, BMI 24.8 ± 1 kg m(-2)) participated in this ra...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2701-0
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen healthy men performed a 5-week training program comprising four sets of seven unilateral, coupled concentric-eccentric knee extensions 2-3 times weekly. While eight men were assigned to training using a weight stack (WS) machine, seven men trained using a flywheel (FW) device, which inherently provides variabl...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0583-8
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isometric unilateral elbow extension training was conducted for 10 weeks (3 times per week) on 12 young adult men to investigate the effects of equivolume exercise programs with different combinations of intensity and duration on the morphological and functional aspects of the triceps brachii muscle. One group of 6 su...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0604-6
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in physiological functioning in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and the autonomic nervous system have been suggested to contribute to many of the health differences that may be observed between men and women as well as being relevant for the development of musculoskeletal pain. To clarify wh...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0939-8
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forearm pain occurring during high +Gz exposure has been linked with vascular distension from elevated transmural pressure of hydrostatic origin and is exacerbated by positive pressure breathing (PBG). We postulated that at high vascular transmural pressure vascular autoregulation might be overcome and be associated w...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0465-0
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00