Abstract：
:Maximal active force of skeletal muscle contraction occurs at a sarcomere length where overlap of thick and thin filaments is optimal. However, the interaction of muscle length and active force is complicated. Active force, is the force generated by energy-requiring processes. To calculate active force, passive force provided by in-parallel structures must be subtracted from total force. Sarcomere length will change during a contraction with constant muscle-tendon length, due to tendon stretch. Passive force therefore changes during the contraction. Taking this into account, it has been demonstrated that there is less length dependence of fatigue than previously thought. The remaining difference may be associated with length dependence of activation, a property that is evident with submaximal activation. The sarcomere length at which peak contraction occurs is longer than the length that gives optimal overlap of the filaments and this shift of optimal length appears to be due to increased Ca2+ sensitivity. The increased Ca2+ sensitivity occurs because at longer lengths, the myofilaments are closer together allowing greater force than expected. However, the potential for length-dependent activation has been challenged. Submaximal contractions obtained by recruitment of fewer motor units but with maximal stimulation across different muscle lengths still demonstrate length-dependent activation. In contrast, contractions with similar absolute electromyographic signal magnitude at different lengths do not demonstrate length-dependent activation. Recent work has improved our understanding of how sarcomere length impacts the force of contraction but also reveals inadequacies in our knowledge that need to be addressed by additional research.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
MacIntosh BRdoi
10.1007/s00421-017-3591-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
1059-1071issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327pii
10.1007/s00421-017-3591-3journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Skin surface cooling has been shown to improve orthostatic tolerance; however, the influence of severe heat stress on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to skin cooling remains unknown. Nine healthy males, resting supine in a water-perfusion suit, were heated to +1.0 and +2.0 degrees C elevation in body core...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1298-9
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review discusses brain temperature as a physiological parameter, which is determined primarily by neural metabolism, regulated by cerebral blood flow, and affected by various environmental factors and drugs. First, we consider normal fluctuations in brain temperature that are induced by salient environmental stim...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:In this study, we compared the biomechanical and physiological responses of healthy men and women during bilateral load carriage while they walked on a treadmill at their self-selected velocity. Eleven men mean (SD) maximal oxygen uptake, [VO(2)(max) = 56.0 (7.1) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] and 11 women [VO(2)(max) = 44.6 ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0714-x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000374
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1187-1
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2727-3
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0923-2
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1225-z
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0799-2
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2962-2
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04407-4
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is defined as the highest blood lactate concentration that can be maintained over time without a continual blood lactate accumulation. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of pedal cadence (50 vs. 100 rev min(-1)) on MLSS and the exercise workload at MLS...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2869-y
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protective clothing (PPC) can have negative effects on worker performance. Currently little is known about the metabolic effects of PPC and previous work has been limited to a few garments and simple walking or stepping. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of PPC on energy consumption during different ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1050-5
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various modes of training on the time-course of changes in lipoprotein-lipid profiles in the blood, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition after 16 weeks of training and 6 weeks of detraining in young women. A group of 48 sedentary but healthy women [mean ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000234
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It was hypothesized that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) would exhibit a slow muscle deoxygenation (HHb) recovery time when compared with sedentary controls. METHODS:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES 40 and 50 mA, 50 Hz, 400 µs) was employed to induce isometric contraction o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3442-7
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
