Structures of a platelet-derived growth factor/propeptide complex and a platelet-derived growth factor/receptor complex.

abstract：:Autoimmunity often involves the abnormal targeting of self-antigens by antibodies, leading to tissue destruction and other pathologies. This process could potentially be disrupted by small ligands that bind specifically to autoantibodies and inhibit their interaction with the target antigen. Here we report the identif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doudna JA,Cech TR,Sullenger BA

更新日期：1995-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood vessels and nerves often follow parallel trajectories, suggesting that distal targets use common cues that induce vascularization and innervation. Netrins are secreted by the floor plate and attract commissural axons toward the midline of the neural tube. Here, we show that Netrin-1 is also a potent vascular mit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park KW,Crouse D,Lee M,Karnik SK,Sorensen LK,Murphy KJ,Kuo CJ,Li DY

更新日期：2004-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrogen bond networks are key elements of protein structure and function but have been challenging to study within the complex protein environment. We have carried out in-depth interrogations of the proton transfer equilibrium within a hydrogen bond network formed to bound phenols in the active site of ketosteroid is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sigala PA,Fafarman AT,Schwans JP,Fried SD,Fenn TD,Caaveiro JM,Pybus B,Ringe D,Petsko GA,Boxer SG,Herschlag D

更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We have devised a simple and efficient cDNA cloning strategy that overcomes many of the difficulties encountered in obtaining full-length cDNA clones of low-abundance mRNAs. In essence, cDNAs are generated by using the DNA polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify copies of the region between a single point in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frohman MA,Dush MK,Martin GR

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Banded iron formations (BIFs) record a time of extensive Fe deposition in the Precambrian oceans, but the sources and pathways for metals in BIFs remain controversial. Here, we present Fe- and Nd-isotope data that indicate two sources of Fe for the large BIF units deposited 2.5 billion y ago. High-εNd and -δ(56)Fe sig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li W,Beard BL,Johnson CM

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to infect macrophages is a common characteristic shared among many mycobacterial species. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium kansasii enter macrophages, using the complement receptors CR1, CR3, CR4, and the mannose receptor. To identify M. avium genes and host cell pathways ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danelishvili L,Wu M,Stang B,Harriff M,Cirillo SL,Cirillo JD,Bildfell R,Arbogast B,Bermudez LE

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Threats to species from commercial fishing are rarely identified until species have suffered large population declines, by which time remedial actions can have severe economic consequences, such as closure of fisheries. Many of the species most threatened by fishing are caught in multispecies fisheries, which can rema...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burgess MG,Polasky S,Tilman D

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterodimeric Elongin BC complex has been shown to interact in vitro and in cells with a conserved BC-box motif found in an increasing number of proteins including RNA polymerase II elongation factor Elongin A, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-box proteins, and the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brower CS,Sato S,Tomomori-Sato C,Kamura T,Pause A,Stearman R,Klausner RD,Malik S,Lane WS,Sorokina I,Roeder RG,Conaway JW,Conaway RC

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In aqueous solution, aldehydes, and to a lesser extent ketones, hydrate to form geminal diols. We investigate the hydration of methylglyoxal (MG) in the gas phase, a process not previously considered to occur in water-restricted environments. In this study, we spectroscopically identified methylglyoxal diol (MGD) and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axson JL,Takahashi K,De Haan DO,Vaida V

更新日期：2010-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of cholera toxin to membrane particles prepared from sarcoma 180 cells gives rise to a variety of fragments which are capable of activating adenylate cyclase [ATP:pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1]. A major component of these fragments has an apparent molecular weight in the 8,000-10,000 range. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matuo Y,Wheeler MA,Bitensky MW

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzymes responsible for the oxidation of n-octane to octanoic acid or beyond in Pseudomonas oleovorans are octane inducible and are coded by genes borne on a transmissible extrachromosomal element. The octane to octanoate enzymes induced by octane are repressed by octanol. The chromosome also carries genes coding ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakrabarty AM,Chou G,Gunsalus IC

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can mediate transfer of proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, but their role in the transmission of infectious agents is less established. Recent studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramakrishnaiah V,Thumann C,Fofana I,Habersetzer F,Pan Q,de Ruiter PE,Willemsen R,Demmers JA,Stalin Raj V,Jenster G,Kwekkeboom J,Tilanus HW,Haagmans BL,Baumert TF,van der Laan LJ

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The chloride permeability of airway and sweat ductal epithelium of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is decreased. This abnormality could represent an intrinsic characteristic of the epithelial cell or the response to a tonic extrinsic stimulus, in vivo. We cultured airway epithelial cells derived from CF and non-CF indiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stutts MJ,Cotton CU,Yankaskas JR,Cheng E,Knowles MR,Gatzy JT,Boucher RC

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ALS is a terminal disease of motor neurons that is characterized by accumulation of proteinaceous deposits in affected cells. Pathological deposition of mutated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) accounts for ∼20% of the familial ALS (fALS) cases. However, understanding the molecular link between mutation and disease h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivanova MI,Sievers SA,Guenther EL,Johnson LM,Winkler DD,Galaleldeen A,Sawaya MR,Hart PJ,Eisenberg DS

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are constructed of only one-the d or l-of the two possible nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) of selected organic compounds. However, before the advent of life, it is generally assumed that chemical reactions produced 50:50 (racemic) mixtures of enantio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper G,Rios AC

更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Explaining the variation between human languages and the constraints on that variation is a core goal of linguistics. In the last 20 y, it has been claimed that many striking universals of cross-linguistic variation follow from a hypothetical principle that dependency length--the distance between syntactically related...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Futrell R,Mahowald K,Gibson E

更新日期：2015-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Controversy remains over whether the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory applies to all tumors. To determine whether cells within a highly aggressive solid tumor are stochastically or hierarchically organized, we combined a reporter system where the nucleostemin (NS) promoter drives GFP expression (termed NS-GFP) with a mou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamase A,Muraguchi T,Naka K,Tanaka S,Kinoshita M,Hoshii T,Ohmura M,Shugo H,Ooshio T,Nakada M,Sawamoto K,Onodera M,Matsumoto K,Oshima M,Asano M,Saya H,Okano H,Suda T,Hamada J,Hirao A

更新日期：2009-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotactin is an extracellular matrix protein that is dynamically and transiently expressed in a place-dependent fashion during development by glial cells, fibroblasts, and several other cell types. In the present study, the effects of cytotactin on cell proliferation were examined in fibroblastic cells in culture. NI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crossin KL

更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells use surface NK receptors to discriminate self from non-self. The NK receptor ligand-binding domain (NKD) has been considered the sole regulator of ligand binding. Using a prototypic murine NK receptor, Ly49A, we show that the membrane proximal nonligand binding ecto-domain (the stalk region) is critical to li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ito D,Iizuka YM,Katepalli MP,Iizuka K

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Although peroxynitrite is harmful to the host, the beneficial effects of peroxynitrite are less well understood. We explored the role of peroxynitrite in the host immune response to Coxsackievirus infection. Peroxynitrite inhibits viral replication in vitro, in part by inhibiting viral RNA entry into the host cell. Ni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padalko E,Ohnishi T,Matsushita K,Sun H,Fox-Talbot K,Bao C,Baldwin WM 3rd,Lowenstein CJ

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle with the characteristic shape of a series of stacked flat cisternae. During mitosis in mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is once fragmented into small vesicles and then reassembled to form the characteristic shape again in each daughter cell. The mechanism and det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tachikawa M,Mochizuki A

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A methylcholanthrene-induced glioblastoma of the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain was used to raise antibodies in C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 inbred mice and in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) and (C57BL/6 x Balb/c) F(1) hybrids. When examined by the cytotoxicity test, these antibodies define a cell-surface component (or components) found excl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schachner M

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness for individuals age 50 and above in the developed world. Abnormal growth of choroidal blood vessels, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a hallmark of the neovascular (wet) form of advanced AMD and leads to significant vision loss. A gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hasegawa E,Inafuku S,Mulki L,Okunuki Y,Yanai R,Smith KE,Kim CB,Klokman G,Bielenberg DR,Puli N,Falck JR,Husain D,Miller JW,Edin ML,Zeldin DC,Lee KSS,Hammock BD,Schunck WH,Connor KM

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids rapidly and completely inhibit intracellular plasminogen activator activity in rat hepatoma cells, as assayed by the solubilization of 125I-labeled fibrin. Experiments in which extracts of dexamethasone-treated cells are mixed with extracts of control cells demonstrate an inhibitor of protease activity...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seifert SC,Gelehrter TD

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously developed a biological containment system using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium strains that are attenuated yet capable of synthesizing protective antigens. The regulated delayed attenuation and programmed self-destructing features designed into these S. Typhimurium strains enable them to efficiently ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong W,Brovold M,Koeneman BA,Clark-Curtiss J,Curtiss R 3rd

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:What are the neural bases of semantic memory? Traditional beliefs that the temporal lobes subserve the retrieval of semantic knowledge, arising from lesion studies, have been recently called into question by functional neuroimaging studies finding correlations between semantic retrieval and activity in left prefrontal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson-Schill SL,Swick D,Farah MJ,D'Esposito M,Kan IP,Knight RT

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of ligand binding on nuclear receptor (NR) structure and the ability of target cells to distinguish between different receptor-ligand complexes are key determinants of the pharmacological activity of NR ligands. However, until relatively recently, these mechanistic insights have not been used in a prospecti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joseph JD,Wittmann BM,Dwyer MA,Cui H,Dye DA,McDonnell DP,Norris JD

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytoplasmic ATP at the expense of mitochondrial ATP via the phosphocreatine shuttle. Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turer E,McAlpine W,Wang KW,Lu T,Li X,Tang M,Zhan X,Wang T,Zhan X,Bu CH,Murray AR,Beutler B

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Circulating exosomal microRNA (miR) represents a new class of blood-based biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. The detection of miR at a very low concentration and with single-base discrimination without the need for sophisticated equipment, large volumes, or elaborate sample processing is a challenge. To address this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canady TD,Li N,Smith LD,Lu Y,Kohli M,Smith AM,Cunningham BT

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) plays diverse and significant roles in biological processes despite its cytotoxicity, raising the question of how biological systems control the action of NO to minimize its cytotoxicity in cells. As a great example of such a system, we found a possibility that NO-generating nitrite reductase (NiR) f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terasaka E,Yamada K,Wang PH,Hosokawa K,Yamagiwa R,Matsumoto K,Ishii S,Mori T,Yagi K,Sawai H,Arai H,Sugimoto H,Sugita Y,Shiro Y,Tosha T

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00