Abstract:
:The main action of organophosphorous insecticides is generally believed to be the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, these compounds also inhibit many other enzymes, any of which may play a role in their toxicity. We tested the neurotoxic mechanism of two organophosphorous insecticides, chlorpyrifos and diazinon in primary cortical cultures. Exposure to the insecticides caused a concentration-dependent toxicity that could not be directly attributed to the oxon forms of the compounds which caused little toxicity but strongly inhibited AChE. Addition of 1 mM acetylcholine or carbachol actually attenuated the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, and the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine, did not attenuate the toxicity of either insecticide. These results strongly suggest that the organophosphorous toxicity observed in this culture system is not mediated by buildup of extracellular acetylcholine resulting from inhibition of AChE. The toxicity of chlorpyrifos was attenuated by antagonists of either the NMDA or AMPA/kainate-type glutamate receptors, but the cell death was potentiated by the caspase inhibitor ZVAD. Diazinon toxicity was not affected by glutamate receptor antagonists, but was attenuated by ZVAD. Chlorpyrifos induced diffuse nuclear staining characteristic of necrosis, while diazinon induced chromatin condensation characteristic of apoptosis. Also, chlorpyrifos exposure increased the levels of extracellular glutamate, while diazinon did not. The results suggest two different mechanisms of neurotoxicity of the insecticides, neither one of which involved acetylcholine. Chlorpyrifos induced a glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, while diazinon induced apoptotic neuronal death.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Rush T,Liu XQ,Hjelmhaug J,Lobner Ddoi
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-31 00:00:00pages
899-906issue
3eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(10)00073-4journal_volume
166pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract::Despite high levels of use, the mechanism of action of effective pharmacotherapies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown. It has recently been hypothesized that one site of therapeutic action is the midbrain superior colliculus, a structure traditionally associated with visual processing, but a...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.007
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Apart from therapeutic discovery, the study of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been focused on two challenges: why do a majority of individuals recover with little concern, while a considerable proportion suffer with persistent and often debilitating symptomology; and, how do mild injuries significantly increas...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.034
更新日期:2015-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons containing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) have been shown to promote rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) in mice. However, the downstream neural pathways through which MCH neurons influence REMs remained unclear. Because MCH neurons are considered to be primarily inhibito...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.020
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated effects of intra-central amygdala (intra-CeA) administrations of a cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2 by itself and its interaction with β1-adrenoceptor agents on memory consolidation. We used a step-through inhibitory avoidance (IA) task to assess memory in male Wistar rats. The results s...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.008
更新日期:2012-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::The primary visual (V1), auditory (AI), and somatosensory (SI) cortices are reciprocally connected with their respective sensory association cortices. In the rat, we have previously demonstrated that some of the connections arising from the secondary somatosensory (SII) and parietal insular (PA) cortices and terminati...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.056
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of novel molecules that can induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is essential for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of early development and for exploring cell therapy approaches. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.062
更新日期:2011-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental factors during early life stages affect behavioral and physiological phenotypes in adulthood. We examined the effect of photoperiods during development on neurogenesis and affective behaviors during adolescence/adulthood using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were born and raised until weaning under long-day conditio...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.038
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA plays an important role in regulating the activity of magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons located in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei through occupancy of GABAA receptors. However, the GABAA receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein comprised of different subunits...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00402-q
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To directly compare the regulation of the cloned kappa and mu opioid receptor, we expressed them in the same cells, the mouse anterior pituitary cell line AtT-20. The coupling of an endogenous somatostatin receptor to adenylyl cyclase and an inward rectifier K+ current has been well characterized in these cells, enabl...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00675-1
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS) occurs in high-altitude residents with major neurological symptoms such as migraine headaches, dizziness and cognitive deficits. Recent work demonstrated that highlanders have increased intracellular pH (pHi) in their brain cells, perhaps for the sake of adaptation to hypoxemia and help...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.008
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in the brain that contribute to the development of epilepsy, also called epileptogenesis, are not well understood, which makes it difficult to develop strategies for preventing epilepsy. Here we have studied the role of the CRE binding transcription factors, cyclic-AMP responsive element modulator (CREM) a...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.10.064
更新日期:2008-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to test a possible role of A5 neurons in the expression of the pressor and tachycardic responses to conditioned fear and restraint, two forms of psychological stress. Previous Fos studies have shown that the C1 adrenergic neurons and spinally projecting neurons in the vasopressor region of th...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.039
更新日期:2010-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of GABA and parvalbumin was studied in the developing cerebellum of human fetuses from 16 to 28 weeks of gestation. The avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method combined with silver staining were used to reveal the presence of GABA- and parvalbumin-positive neurons and nerve fibres. As early a...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00341-f
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similarities in cellular morphology, afferentation, efferentation, and neurotransmitter content between the internal and external parts of the pallidum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata have long been noted. Here we present evidence that the globus pallidus, entopedunucular nucleus and substantia nigra pars ret...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90149-x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aversive experiences in early life are thought to dispose to psychopathologies such as mood or anxiety disorders. In a two-hit stress model, we assessed the effects of juvenile and/or adult stress on the 5-HT-mediated modulation of synaptic inhibition of ventral dentate gyrus granule cells. Combined but not single str...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.050
更新日期:2015-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of L-arginine in the nervous system are often attributed to nitric oxide. Using whole-cell patch pipettes to record membrane currents in voltage-clamp from dopamine neurons in the rat midbrain slice, the present studies found that L-arginine potentiates GABA-dependent membrane currents via a nitric oxide-indep...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00024-9
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forebrain neuronal circuits containing hypocretin-1 (hcrt-1) and norepinephrine (NE) are important components of central arousal-related processes. Recently, these two systems have been shown to have an overlapping distribution within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), a limbic structure activated by stres...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.032
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous activity in medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons is modulated by synaptic inputs. These inputs are crucial for maintaining gaze and posture and contribute to vestibular compensation after lesions of peripheral vestibular organs. We investigated how chronically attenuated glycinergic input affects excita...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.040
更新日期:2010-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::There are two different proposals regarding the role of the cerebellar flocculus in the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: that the flocculus is the site for both the induction and retention of the adaptation, or that the flocculus plays an important role in the induction, but the vestibular nuclei to which th...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00991-0
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The borders of the ventral striatum and ventral pallidum of the rat brain have been studied with immunocytochemistry for two protein markers that are present in these regions. One of these, DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32,000), is specifically enriched in medium-sized spiny neurons of...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90013-4
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electric current has been used for epilepsy treatment by targeting specific neural circuitries. Despite its success, direct contact between the electrode and tissue could cause side effects including pain, inflammation, and adverse biological reactions. Magnetic stimulation overcomes these limitations by offering adva...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.018
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of synesthesia has received a great deal of interest recently in the scientific literature. Many previous studies stressed the unidirectional nature of this phenomenon. For example, color-grapheme synesthetes automatically perceive achromatic numbers as colored (e.g. 7 is turquoise). Conversely, colors ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.057
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the distribution and cellular localization of Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2, a member of the system A family of amino acid transporters, in the rat and human cerebral cortex using immunocytochemical methods. Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2-positive neurons were pyramidal and ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.042
更新日期:2006-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The clock gene protein Per 1 (PER1) is expressed in several brain structures and oscillates associated with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Restricted feeding schedules (RFS) induce anticipatory activity and impose daily oscillations of c-Fos and clock proteins in brain structures. Daily access to a palatable treat...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.001
更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-1 plays an important role as mediator of endotoxin-induced responses in the brain such as fever, sleep, anorexia, behavioural and neuroendocrine changes. In the present study, interleukin-1 beta immunocytochemistry has been performed at the light and electron microscopic level to study the cellular and sub...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00549-k
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuron death due to deprivation of target-derived neurotrophic factors depends on protein synthesis regulated by transcription factor activity. We investigated the content and phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) in axon-damaged retinal ganglion cells of neonatal rats. In the retina of neonatal...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.059
更新日期:2011-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether cholinergic hypofunctions in the brain influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, we examined the effects of cholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion on basal and stress-induced levels of corticosterone in rats. Blood sampling from rats following intracerebroventricula...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00493-0
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is a complex phenomenon involving a number of neuromodulator and neurotransmitter systems. To specifically investigate the role of the micro opioid receptor (MOR) in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice, both genetic and pharmacological approaches were undertaken. M...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.025
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rat thalamic paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (PVT) neurons, activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors enhances excitability via concurrent decrease in G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK)-like and activation of transient receptor potential cation (TRPC)4/5-like cationic condu...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.015
更新日期:2015-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::On guinea-pig neocortical slices the spatial organization of dendrites sensitive to excitatory amino acids was studied. Extracellular recording were obtained from the the soma of layer V neurons. Responses of 135 neurons to iontophoretically applied glutamate or aspartate have been analysed. An increased firing rate t...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00189-p
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00