Human choice behaviour in a frequently changing environment.

abstract：:Personality and physiological traits often have close relationships with dominance status, but the significance and/or direction of the relationships vary between studies. This study examines whether two personality traits (aggressiveness and boldness) and three physiological traits (testosterone and cortisol levels a...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Li CY,Tseng YC,Chen YJ,Yang Y,Hsu Y

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been shown that duration of tonic immobility (TI) reflects predation risk and levels of fearfulness. Since the chances of escaping predation are higher in larger groups, birds from these groups should have shorter TI duration. On the other hand, increased competition between birds in larger groups might lead to...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bilcik B,Keeling LJ,Newberry RC

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The social behavior of a group of twenty hybrid macaques and one M. fascicularis was investigated to determine the patterns of sociality and social integration within the group. Observation focused on the behavior categories of social affiliation and cohesion. Inter-animal proximity, social grooming, and inter-animal ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Williams LE

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological and behavioural effects of testosterone (T) and of 5 α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) injected daily for a 3-week period at dosages of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg for T and 1 and 5 mg for α-DHT were studied in the adult male castrated Japanese quail. Injections of 0.5 or 1.0 mg T produced only slight development o...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Deviche P,Schumacher M

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were trained to remember arrays of 2-6 colored squares and detect which of two squares had changed color to test their visual short-term memory. Procedures (e.g., stimuli, displays, viewing times, delays) were similar to those used to test monkeys and humans. Following extensive training, pigeons perform...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Wright AA,Elmore LC

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that apes, dogs and horses seem to be able to attribute attentive states to humans. Subjects had to choose between two persons: one who was able to see the animal and one who was not. Using a similar paradigm, we tested a species that does not rely strongly on visual cues, the domestic pig ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Nawroth C,Ebersbach M,von Borell E

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The behaviour of stroking the abdomen over the nest surface has previously been described in females of only a few Polistes wasp species, and was considered to be associated with pheromonal release. This study examines abdomen stroking in solitary and multiple female laboratory colonies of Polistes dominulus during th...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dani FR,Cervo R,Turillazzi S

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic measure of impulsivity, reflecting how rapidly a reward loses value based on its temporal distance. In humans, more impulsive DRD is associated with susceptibility to a number of psychiatric diseases (e.g., addiction, ADHD), health outcomes (e.g., obesity), and...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gray JC,Sanchez-Roige S,de Wit H,MacKillop J,Palmer AA

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual landmarks are important navigational aids to many animals, and when more than one is available their juxtaposition can convey valuable new information to a navigator about progress toward a goal, depending on the landmarks' comparative distinctiveness. We investigated the effect of presenting rock ant colonies ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hunt ER,Kendall C,Stanbury E,Sendova-Franks AB,Franks NR

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four pigeons were trained to peck a key under different values of a temporally defined independent variable (T) and different probabilities of reinforcement (p). Parameter T is a fixed repeating time cycle and p the probability of reinforcement for the first response of each cycle T. Two dependent variables were used:...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dembo M,De Penfold JB,Ruiz R,Casalta H

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laying hens oiled the plumage twice a day, while oiling behaviour consisted of a bout of five oilings (median value). During one oiling, a hen collected lipids from the preen gland with her bill and subsequently performed (as a median) five strokes or rubs over and through the feathers. The breast was oiled most, wher...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： van Liere DW,Aggrey SE,Brouns FM,Wiepkema PR

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extinction of learning is a common, yet under-reported limitation of judgment bias testing methods Repeated exposure to the ambiguous probe of a judgment bias paradigm encourages the animal to cease display of the required behaviours. However, there remains a need to repeatedly test animals to achieve statistical powe...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Barker TH,Howarth GS,Whittaker AL

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In temperate songbirds, song has traditionally been considered a vocalization mainly produced by males. However, in many temperate species, it is now recognized that both males and females produce song. The function and structure of male black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) fee-bee song have been well-studied...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hahn AH,Krysler A,Sturdy CB

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Being motivated means exerting effort toward a goal. The 'law of least work' emphasizes a preference for exerting relatively less effort. The law crosses boundaries among species and between physical and mental work. Organisms should be highly sensitive to shifts in effort-reward balance (ERB) in order to make optimal...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Knauss ZT,Filipovic M,Smith KA,Queener MM,Lubera JA,Bolden-Hall NM,Smith JP,Goldsmith RS,Bischoff JE,Miller MK,Cromwell HC

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to discriminate short or long durations of houselight illumination using a choice procedure. During the test phase of each trial, the left and right levers were presented with an auditory cue above one of them on (cued lever) while the other was off (uncued lever). The auditory cue was presented imme...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Santi A,Stanford L,Coyle J

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel delayed conditional discrimination procedure was used successfully to investigate some factors affecting pigeons' tracking of visual stimuli. Trials began with the brief illumination of one of the keys (randomly selected) from the left- or right-hand column of a three by three matrix of pecking keys. Then the ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Wilkie DM

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birdsong is a particularly useful model for animal communication studies. However, current knowledge is derived mainly from the study of male song, and is therefore incomplete. Here, we investigated whether singing behaviour differs between sexes in the cooperatively breeding Western Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibi...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dutour M,Ridley AR

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Energy acquisition through suckling has been widely studied in rat and human infants. Processes mediating energy conservation, however, have not received the attention that they deserve. This essay, in honor of Professor Jerry Hogan, discusses parallel behaviors used by rat and human mothers to minimize energy loss in...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Blass E

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of cognitive ability in farm animals are valuable, not only because they provide indicators of the commonality of comparative influence, but understanding farm animal cognition may also aid in management and treatment procedures. Here, eight dwarf goats (Capra hircus) learned a series of 10 visual four-choice ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Langbein J,Siebert K,Nuernberg G

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chicks were trained to peck on a small coloured (red or green) box for food reinforcement. They were then presented with one box identical to that used during training (familiar) and one of a different colour (unfamiliar). Food reinforcement was delivered for pecking either box, and the right-left position of the two ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Regolin L,Vallortigara G

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Greater rates of intermittent reinforcement in the presence of discriminative stimuli generally produce greater resistance to extinction, consistent with predictions of behavioral momentum theory. Other studies reveal more rapid extinction with higher rates of reinforcers - the partial reinforcement extinction effect....

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bai JYH,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that vigilance should be adjusted to the temporal variation in risk. We test this hypothesis in wild fallow deer exposed to short term (disturbance) and long term (presence of a fawn after parturition) changes in risk. We recorded the proportion, frequency and type of vigilance ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bergvall UA,Svensson L,Kjellander P

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When shown prawns in a glass tube, cuttlefish quickly learn to inhibit their predatory behaviour. The available literature suggests that cuttlefish show an excellent retention between 2 and 8 min, a recovery of the predatory responses around 20 min, and good retention after 1 h of the training phase. These results hav...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dickel L,Chichery MP,Chichery R

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Live trapping is an essential element of field ecological studies. However, the act of trapping provides two types of conditional benefits (food from the bait when hungry, and refuge from a predator when threatened) against one type of drawback (confinement). Our understanding of how animals assess the two benefits ag...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hernández MC,Navarro-Castilla Á,Planillo A,Sánchez-González B,Barja I

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Is the imitation faculty one self-contained domain-general mechanism or an amalgamation of multiple content-specific systems? The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis posits that the imitation faculty consists of distinct content-specific psychological systems that are dissociable both structurally and funct...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Subiaul F

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral patterns of pairs of guinea pigs were recorded in 15-min observation sessions on alternate days during a 6-day baseline phase and a 21- to 25-day period following the introduction of an ascorbate-free diet. Ascorbate-deficient animals were compared to two pair-fed control groups. During the last 5 days of t...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Kaufmann P,Wiens W,Dirks M,Krehbiel D

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is known that rats tend to eat a smaller/lighter piece of food at the food source but carry a larger/heavier one to the nest for consumption. This could be interpreted well in terms of the trade-off or motivational conflict between "feeding" and "risk avoidance", because eating food immediately satisfies feeding mo...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Onuki Y,Kato K,Makino J

更新日期：2005-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In delay discounting, choice is between two reinforcers that differ in amount and delay, and the subjective value of either reinforcer decreases as a function of delay to its receipt. The steepness of the discounting function is thought to reflect the degree of impulsive choice. Many factors can influence impulsive ch...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Huskinson SL,Anderson KG

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were exposed for 22 sessions to a variant of a multiple variable-time 1-min extinction reinforcement schedule in the presence of a white key. A 1.5-s stimulus change (red) preceded each 1-min component during which food was delivered and a 1.5-s stimulus change (green) preceded each extinction component....

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Steffen P,Liguori A,Marcucella H

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the study was to assess whether adult stallions differentiate their olfactory and marking behaviour towards the excreta of their potential male rivals and mares. Four Konik polski stallions were individually exposed simultaneously to their own and each others' faeces as well as faeces of mares in oestrus vs...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Jezierski T,Jaworski Z,Sobczyńska M,Ensminger J,Górecka-Bruzda A

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00