Abstract：
:It has been shown that duration of tonic immobility (TI) reflects predation risk and levels of fearfulness. Since the chances of escaping predation are higher in larger groups, birds from these groups should have shorter TI duration. On the other hand, increased competition between birds in larger groups might lead to greater fearfulness and longer TI in larger groups. The aim of this study was to test these two hypotheses. Laying hens raised in floor pens in group sizes of 15, 30, 60 and 120, each with four replicates, were used. Tonic immobility tests were performed on adult birds, either directly 'in' their home pen or 'out' in a separate room. In the test 'in', duration of TI increased with group size, with a significant difference between group sizes 15 and 120 (P=0.012). In the test performed 'out', there was a trend for TI to be longer in larger groups. The duration of TI in groups tested 'in', was significantly shorter than in groups tested 'out' (P<0.00l). The results of this study suggest that although the ultimate function of TI is to reduce predation, the social environment is a proximate factor affecting TI duration in domestic hens.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Bilcik B,Keeling LJ,Newberry RCdoi
10.1016/s0376-6357(97)00081-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
53-9issue
1eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(97)00081-8journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Group choice describes the behavioral phenomenon in which a group of individuals chooses between two behavioral alternatives over time and the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) [Acta Biotheor. 19 (1970) 16] describes group choice analogous to individual choice and the matching law. Our experiments investigated the usefuln...
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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