Abstract:
:Increasing numbers of proteins, nucleic acids and other molecular entities have been explored as therapeutic targets, hundreds of which are targets of approved and clinical trial drugs. Knowledge of these targets and corresponding drugs, particularly those in clinical uses and trials, is highly useful for facilitating drug discovery. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) has been developed to provide information about therapeutic targets and corresponding drugs. In order to accommodate increasing demand for comprehensive knowledge about the primary targets of the approved, clinical trial and experimental drugs, numerous improvements and updates have been made to TTD. These updates include information about 348 successful, 292 clinical trial and 1254 research targets, 1514 approved, 1212 clinical trial and 2302 experimental drugs linked to their primary targets (3382 small molecule and 649 antisense drugs with available structure and sequence), new ways to access data by drug mode of action, recursive search of related targets or drugs, similarity target and drug searching, customized and whole data download, standardized target ID, and significant increase of data (1894 targets, 560 diseases and 5028 drugs compared with the 433 targets, 125 diseases and 809 drugs in the original release described in previous paper). This database can be accessed at http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/TTD.asp.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Zhu F,Han B,Kumar P,Liu X,Ma X,Wei X,Huang L,Guo Y,Han L,Zheng C,Chen Ydoi
10.1093/nar/gkp1014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
D787-91issue
Database issueeissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
gkp1014journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The base pairing properties of oligonucleotide duplexes containing 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyisoguanosine, its 7-bromo or its 7-iodo derivative are described. The nucleosides were synthesized on a convergent route, protected and converted into phosphoramidites. Oligonucleotides were prepared on a solid-phase and were hybr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg926
更新日期:2003-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bile acid biosynthesis is subjected to feedback regulation whereby bile acids down-regulate their own synthesis. The major point of this regulation is at the level of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (7alpha-hydroxylase), which controls bile acid output from the classic pathway. This regulation is at the level of transc...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/28.18.3587
更新日期:2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) is responsible for the elongation and maturation of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotic cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) recruits Pol δ to the DNA and serves as a processivity factor. Here, we show that PCNA also stimulates the catalytic rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol δ b...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky1321
更新日期:2019-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The solution structure of the complex between 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and DNA oligomer [d(GCGATTCGC)]2, containing a central T.T mismatch, has been characterized by combined use of proton one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics computations including relaxati...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/26.20.4706
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In order to further elucidate the mechanism of tRNA methylase-tRNA intreaction the methylation of some individual tRNAs separately and by pairs was performed. In conditions of tRNA excess the methylation rates of positionally analogous nucleotides in tRNA molecules are not summed up when two substrates are simultaneou...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/3.8.2079
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chicken globin double-stranded cDNA was synthesised from anaemic adult reticulocyte alpha- and beta-globin mRNA and ligated into the Hind III site of pBR322 using synthetic Hind III decamers. Transformation of E. coli x1776 resulted in the production of a number of alpha- and beta-cDNA clones. One of the alpha-type cl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/8.6.1187
更新日期:1980-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cells internalized synthetic oligonucleotides (oligos) in culture. The hybridization of these molecules to target RNA in the living cell was subsequently detected and characterized after fixation of the cells, with or without previous detergent extraction. Hybridized oligo was distinguished from free oligo in the cell...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/23.24.4946
更新日期:1995-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of mammalian origins of DNA replication remains controversial and this is primarily because two-dimensional gel replicon mapping techniques have identified broad zones of replication initiation whereas several other techniques, such as quantitative PCR, have disclosed more discrete sites of initiation at th...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/26.10.2313
更新日期:1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, we described a method for multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT). Mutant constructs for MuGENT require large arms of homology (>2000 bp) surrounding each genome edit, which necessitates laborious in vitro DNA splicing. In Vibrio cholerae, we uncover that this requirement is due to cytopl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx496
更新日期:2017-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The cis-requirements for the first editing site in the atp9 mRNA from pea mitochondria were investigated in an in vitro RNA editing system. Template RNAs deleted 5' of -20 are edited correctly, but with decreased efficiency. Deletions between -20 and the edited nucleotide abolish editing activity. Substitution of the ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh763
更新日期:2004-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::The beta protein encoded by the Streptococcus pyogenes plasmid pSM19035 is a site-specific recombinase involved in both resolution of plasmid multimers into monomers and DNA inversion. It has been proposed that the DNA region to which the beta recombinase binds to mediate recombination includes a promoter from which o...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.10.1855
更新日期:1994-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The detailed principles of the hierarchical folding of eukaryotic chromosomes have been revealed during the last two decades. Along with structures composing three-dimensional (3D) genome organization (chromatin compartments, topologically associating domains, chromatin loops, etc.), the molecular mechanisms that are ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa261
更新日期:2020-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency occurrences of K-tuple (overlapping sequences of defined length, K) were computed from the known human genome sequences. The significance of these frequencies for the whole human genome was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A computer programs based on these results was written to choose primers...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.14.3887
更新日期:1991-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Double-stranded oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing the consensus binding sequence of a transcription factor provide a rationally designed tool to manipulate gene expression at the transcriptional level by the decoy approach. However, modifications introduced into oligonucleotides to increase stability quite often do n...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh503
更新日期:2004-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Periodically repeating DNA and protein elements are involved in various important biological events including genomic evolution, gene regulation, protein complex formation, and immunity. Notably, the currently used genome editing tools such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs are also all associated with periodically repeati...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky890
更新日期:2019-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::CeR-2 RNA is one of the newly identified Caenorhabditis elegans noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The characterization of CeR-2 by RNomic studies has failed to classify it into any known ncRNA family. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of CeR-2 to gain insight into its function. CeR-2 is expresse...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq335
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoribonuclease RNase E is a key enzyme in RNA metabolism for many bacterial species. In Escherichia coli, RNase E contributes to the majority of RNA turnover and processing events, and the enzyme has been extensively characterized as the central component of the RNA degradosome assembly. A similar RNA degradosom...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku1134
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several derivatives of N2,N2-7-trimethylguanosine (m3(2,2,7G)-cap, which was found at the 5' ends of small nuclear RNAs, were synthesized by use of S-phenyl N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine 5'-phosphorothioate (PhSpm3(2,2,7)G) as a key intermediate. This compound was activated by iodine in the presence of phosphoric acid an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.22.8979
更新日期:1989-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::NF-IL6beta regulates gene expression and plays function roles in many tissues. The EGF-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) expression is mediated through p38(MAPK) signaling pathway and positively correlates with NF-IL6beta expression in A431 cells. NF-IL6beta coordinated with c-Jun on cox-2 transcriptional activation ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkj422
更新日期:2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Active DNA demethylation (ADDM) in mammals occurs via hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by TET and/or deamination by AID/APOBEC family enzymes. The resulting 5mC derivatives are removed through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. At present, it is unclear how the cell manages to eliminate closely spaced 5mC ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw059
更新日期:2016-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Homing endonucleases recognize long target DNA sequences generating an accurate double-strand break that promotes gene targeting through homologous recombination. We have modified the homodimeric I-CreI endonuclease through protein engineering to target a specific DNA sequence within the human RAG1 gene. Mutations in ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq801
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly factors provide speed and directionality to the maturation process of the 30S subunit in bacteria. To gain a more precise understanding of how these proteins mediate 30S maturation, it is important to expand on studies of 30S assembly intermediates purified from bacterial strains lacking particular maturation...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz571
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic recombination in meiosis plays an important role in generating diversity of genetic information. In yeast an Escherichia coli RecA-like gene, DMC1, is expressed in meiotic prophase and its product co-localizes with Rad51 protein on zygotene chromosomes. We have cloned the mouse and human homologs of the yeast ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.3.470
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screenings result in identification of many out-of-frame (OOF) clones that code for short (2-100 amino acids) peptides with no sequence homology to known proteins. We hypothesize that these peptides can reveal common short linear motifs (SLiMs) responsible for their selection. We present a new p...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr600
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional repression of pathogen defense-related genes is essential for plant growth and development. Several proteins are known to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses. However, mechanisms by which expression of defense-related genes are regulated by repressor proteins are po...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gks683
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human somatic cells have essentially no telomerase activity. Telomerase is linked to tumor genesis and is a valuable marker for malignant growth. Extreme paucity of the enzyme neccessitated development of a PCR-based assay, 'telomeric repeat amplification protocol' (TRAP). Unfortunately, this method is not without dif...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/25.4.919
更新日期:1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The alternation/deficiency in activation-3 (ADA3) is an essential component of the human p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and yeast Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) histone acetyltransferase complexes. These complexes facilitate transactivation of target genes by association with transcription factors and modifi...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq269
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A better understanding of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in bacteria relies on studying their transcriptome. RNA sequencing methods are used not only to assess RNA abundance but also the exact boundaries of primary and processed transcripts. Here, we developed a method, called i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1316
更新日期:2017-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The MspI restriction-modification system, which recognizes the sequence 5'-CCGG-3', has been previously cloned and sequenced (1). We subcloned the methyltransferase gene (M.MspI) downstream of the ptac promoter in the multicopy vector pUC119 and overexpressed it in E. coli. Upon induction with IPTG, M.MspI constitutes...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/20.7.1579
更新日期:1992-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Different pre-ribosomal complexes are formed during ribosome biogenesis, and the composition of these complexes is highly dynamic. Dbp4, a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase implicated in ribosome biogenesis, interacts with nucleolar proteins Bfr2 and Enp2. We show that, like Dbp4, Bfr2 and Enp2 are required for the earl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1293
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00