Abstract:
:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells. To dissect guard cell ABA-ROS signaling genetically, a cell type-specific functional genomics approach was used to identify 2 MAPK genes, MPK9 and MPK12, which are preferentially and highly expressed in guard cells. To provide genetic evidence for their function, Arabidopsis single and double TILLING mutants that carry deleterious point mutations in these genes were isolated. RNAi-based gene-silencing plant lines, in which both genes are silenced simultaneously, were generated also. Mutants carrying a mutation in only 1 of these genes did not show any altered phenotype, indicating functional redundancy in these genes. ABA-induced stomatal closure was strongly impaired in 2 independent RNAi lines in which both MPK9 and MPK12 transcripts were significantly silenced. Consistent with this result, mpk9-1/12-1 double mutants showed an enhanced transpirational water loss and ABA- and H(2)O(2)-insensitive stomatal response. Furthermore, ABA and calcium failed to activate anion channels in guard cells of mpk9-1/12-1, indicating that these 2 MPKs act upstream of anion channels in guard cell ABA signaling. An MPK12-YFP fusion construct rescued the ABA-insensitive stomatal response phenotype of mpk9-1/12-1, demonstrating that the phenotype was caused by the mutations. The MPK12 protein is localized in the cytosol and the nucleus, and ABA and H(2)O(2) treatments enhance the protein kinase activity of MPK12. Together, these results provide genetic evidence that MPK9 and MPK12 function downstream of ROS to regulate guard cell ABA signaling positively.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Jammes F,Song C,Shin D,Munemasa S,Takeda K,Gu D,Cho D,Lee S,Giordo R,Sritubtim S,Leonhardt N,Ellis BE,Murata Y,Kwak JMdoi
10.1073/pnas.0907205106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
20520-5issue
48eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0907205106journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The addition of insulin to a mixture of plasma membrane and mitochondrial fractions from rat adipocytes results in a decrease in the phosphorylation of a mitochondrial protein identified as the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase [pyruvate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating), EC 1.2...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.1.77
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is the pathway of protein folding determined by the relative stability of folding intermediates, or by the relative height of the activation barriers leading to these intermediates? This is a fundamental question for resolving the Levinthal paradox, which stated that protein folding by a random search mechanism would ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2539
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Although adaptor ADAP (FYB) and its binding to SLP-76 has been implicated in TcR-induced "inside-out" signaling for LFA-1 activation in T cells, little is known regarding its role in LFA-1-mediated "outside-in" signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that ADAP and SLP-76-ADAP binding are coupled to LFA-1 costimulatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900510106
更新日期:2009-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::A soluble 27-kDa protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae specifically prevents the inactivation of various enzymes caused by a nonenzymatic Fe3+/O2/thiol mixed-function oxidation system but not by mixed-function oxidation systems in which the thiol component is replaced by another electron donor-e.g., ascorbate. In this...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6018
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation leukemia virus, isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL/Ka mice and propagated in that strain, is thymotropic and leukemogenic in vivo but replicates poorly, if at all, in mouse and mink fibroblast cultures in vitro. Comparative studies indicate that this naturally occurring virus is distinct from...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4675
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in potato, produces two host-specific, lipidlike toxins in culture. Both compounds are required in the leaf bioassay for the elicitation of typical early blight symptoms, but the compounds are individually inactive. The procedures for the preparation of both ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4935
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two high molecular weight growth inhibitors have been isolated from the culture medium of BSC-1 cells, epithelial cells of African green monkey kidney. The purified kidney epithelial cell growth inhibitors, at ng/ml concentrations, reversibly arrest the growth of BSC-1 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Their ac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5989
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A generic modeling framework to infer the failure-spreading process based on failure times of individual nodes is proposed and tested in four simulation studies: one for cascading failures in interdependent power and transportation networks, one for influenza epidemics, one benchmark test case for congestion cascade i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1722313115
更新日期:2018-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The solar system formed from interstellar dust and gas in a molecular cloud. Astronomical observations show that typical interstellar dust consists of amorphous (a-) silicate and organic carbon. Bona fide physical samples for laboratory studies would yield unprecedented insight about solar system formation, but they w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720167115
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::In the process of molecularly cloning unintegrated proviral DNA from NIH-3T3 mouse cells infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus, we observed the occurrence of clones with inserts smaller than the expected Rauscher murine leukemia virus fragments. The insert of one of these clones, lambda.Xe-1, was characterized ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.5.1398
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator of host immunity and functions as a high, upstream activator of cells within the innate and the adaptive immunological systems. Recent studies have suggested a potentially broader role for MIF in growth regulation because of its ability to antagonize p53-media...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1533295100
更新日期:2003-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Esterase 6 is a polymorphic carboxylesterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) localized to the reproductive tract of male Drosophila melanogaster and transferred to females at copulation. The reproductive fitness of males is strongly affected by temperature and the esterase 6 alleles (active versus null) that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.2962
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In skeletal muscle, dihydropyridine receptors and dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels are preferentially localized in the transverse tubular membranes. Starting with an antigenic membrane fraction enriched in rabbit muscle transverse tubules (T-tubules), several monoclonal antibodies were produced by a fusion of s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.5019
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::NifEN is a key player in the biosynthesis of nitrogenase MoFe protein. It not only shares a considerable degree of sequence homology with the MoFe protein, but also contains clusters that are homologous to those found in the MoFe protein. Here we present an investigation of the catalytic activities of NifEN. Our data ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907872106
更新日期:2009-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid pT181 is a 4437-base-pair, multicopy plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus that encodes tetracycline resistance. The replication of the leading strand of pT181 DNA initiates by covalent extension of a site-specific nick generated by the initiator protein at the origin of replication and proceeds by an asymmetric ro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.1.290
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of plasmid DNA molecules containing the simian virus 40 (SV40) origin of DNA replication has been reconstituted with seven highly purified cellular proteins plus the SV40 large tumor (T) antigen. Initiation of DNA synthesis is absolutely dependent upon T antigen, replication protein A, and the DNA polymera...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8692
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian homologues of mammalian gamma delta and alpha beta T-cell antigen receptors, TCR1 and TCR2, have been identified with monoclonal antibodies. These TCR isotypes are associated with the avian CD3 proteins on the T-cell surface. During chick development, T-cell subpopulations bearing CD3/TCR1 or CD3/TCR2 receptor c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.7.2351
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myofibril formation was visualized in cultured live cardiomyocytes that were transfected with plasmids expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to the Z-band protein, alpha-actinin. The expression of this fluorescent protein provided an in vivo label for structures containing alpha-actinin. The GFP-alpha-acti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9493
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::When yeast from the early stages of meiosis are transferred from sporulation to growth medium, they can reenter the mitotic cell cycle directly. In contrast, cells from later stages of meiosis (after the initiation of the first nuclear division) will complete meiosis and sporulation despite the shift to growth medium,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6559
更新日期:1994-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The major protein extracted from anyloid deposits induced in mice by injection of either Candida albicans cells or sodium caseinate was found to have chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and an amino-acid compostiion characteristic of the AA class of amyloid proteins. The homology of the mouse protein with p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.964
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, is a highly conserved chromosomal protein implicated in both heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. We report here characterization of an HP1-interacting protein, heterochromatin protein 2 (HP2), which codistributes with HP1 in the pe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.212458899
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The superparamagnetic behavior of very small particles of metallic iron (ca 1.5 nm), with about half of their atoms at the surface, is changed reversibly by adsorption and desorption of hydrogen below the superparamagnetic transition temperature. The change after adsorption implies a lowering of the anisotropy energy ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.806
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perforant path (PP) undergoes synaptic changes in the course of aging and dementia. Previous studies attempting to assess the integrity of the PP in humans using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were limited by low resolution and the inability to identify PP fibers specifically. Here we present an application of DTI...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1002113107
更新日期:2010-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::The photoproduct of carbon monoxide myoglobin generated at 4 K and lower has a resonance Raman spectrum characteristic of a high-spin heme but in which the high-frequency core size-sensitive lines are at lower frequency than those in the deoxy preparation. Such differences are not detected in the photoproduct generate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.5.1310
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::8-Oxoguanine (8OG) is efficiently bypassed by RNA polymerases in vitro and in bacterial cells in vivo, leading to mutant transcripts by directing incorporation of an incorrect nucleotide during transcription. Such transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) may produce a pool of mutant proteins. In contrast, transcription-couple...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0806464105
更新日期:2008-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Initiation of X chromosome inactivation requires the presence, in cis, of the X inactivation center (XIC). The Xist gene, which lies within the XIC region in both human and mouse and has the unique property of being expressed only from the inactive X chromosome in female somatic cells, is known to be essential for X i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6841
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Solution at 2.5-A resolution of the three-dimensional structure of H-2Ld with a single nine-residue peptide provides a structural basis for understanding its unique interaction with beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m) and peptide. Consistent with the biological data that show an unusually weak association of Ld with beta2m,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6880
更新日期:1997-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial TATAAT -10 region sequence was the first promoter element to be identified, but how it functions is still not clear. Because the duplex element is melted during initiation, the effects of substitutions were studied in both single-and double-strand contexts. Band-shift results were particularly unexpected...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.161085798
更新日期:2001-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Prions are thought to consist mainly or entirely of misfolded PrP, a constitutively expressed host protein. Prions associated with the same PrP sequence may occur in the form of different strains; the strain phenotype is believed to be encoded by the conformation of the PrP. Some cell lines can be persistently infecte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710054104
更新日期:2007-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::In enzyme catalysis, where exquisitely positioned functionality is the sine qua non, atomic coordinates for a Michaelis complex can provide powerful insights into activation of the substrate. We focus here on the initial proton transfer of the isomerization reaction catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase and present t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0233793100
更新日期:2003-01-07 00:00:00