The tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 (PTPN11) directs Neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling throughout Schwann cell development.

abstract：:Multiple drug resistance of tumor cells is a common problem in cancer therapy. We have demonstrated that membrane vesicles from highly multidrug-resistant human KB carcinoma cell lines exhibit increased specific and saturable binding of vinblastine. To identify the molecules that bind vinblastine, membrane vesicles fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cornwell MM,Safa AR,Felsted RL,Gottesman MM,Pastan I

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response of forests to climate change depends in part on whether the photosynthetic benefit from increased atmospheric CO2 (∆Ca = future minus historic CO2) compensates for increased physiological stresses from higher temperature (∆T). We predicted the outcome of these competing responses by using optimization the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sperry JS,Venturas MD,Todd HN,Trugman AT,Anderegg WRL,Wang Y,Tai X

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The current study details efficient lesion-free cutaneous vaccination via vaccine delivery into an array of micropores in the skin, instead of bolus injection at a single site. Such delivery effectively segregated vaccine-induced inflammation, resulting in rapid resolution of the inflammation, provided that distances ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang J,Li B,Wu MX

更新日期：2015-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecological niche is a key concept for elucidating patterns of species distributions and developing strategies for conserving biodiversity. However, recent times are seeing a widespread debate whether species niches are conserved across space and time (niche conservatism hypothesis). Biological invasions represent ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu C,Wolter C,Xian W,Jeschke JM

更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplexes of 21-nt RNAs, known as short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), efficiently inhibit gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) when introduced into mammalian cells. We show that siRNAs can be synthesized by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase, providing an economical alternative to chemical synthesis of si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu JY,DeRuiter SL,Turner DL

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Lon is an ATPase associated with cellular activities (AAA+) protease that controls cell division in response to stress and also degrades misfolded and damaged proteins. Subunits of Lon are known to assemble into ring-shaped homohexamers that enclose an internal degradation chamber. Here, we demonstrate that hexamers o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vieux EF,Wohlever ML,Chen JZ,Sauer RT,Baker TA

更新日期：2013-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the avian retina was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques with antiserum to [Met5]enkephalin and [Leu5]enkephalin. Formaldehyde-fixed retinae were sectioned and incubated in antiserum to either [Met5]- or [Leu5]enkephalin. Specificity...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brecha N,Karten HJ,Laverack C

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report potent inhibition of the Mg(II).ATP-dependent protein phosphatase, Fc.M, by the regulatory subunit dimer of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase, RII2. The protein kinase catalytic subunit has no effect on phosphatase activity and is unable to substitute for kinase FA in the kinase FA- and Mg(II).ATP-mediat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jurgensen SR,Chock PB,Taylor S,Vandenheede JR,Merlevede W

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of male-specific structures and regression of female primordia are regulated in early male embryogenesis by SRY, a single-copy gene on the Y chromosome. Assignment of SRY as the testis-determining factor in eutherian mammals is supported by molecular analysis of cytogenetic sex reversal (i.e., XX males and X...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haqq CM,King CY,Donahoe PK,Weiss MA

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chylomicron catabolism is known to be initiated by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (triacylglycero-protein acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.34). Chylomicron remnants, produced by lipolysis, are rapidly taken up by the liver via an apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mediated, receptor-dependent process. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beisiegel U,Weber W,Bengtsson-Olivecrona G

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex II inhibitors 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) and malonate cause striatal damage reminiscent of Huntington's disease and have been shown to involve oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. Because nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent transcriptional activation by means of the antioxidant res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calkins MJ,Jakel RJ,Johnson DA,Chan K,Kan YW,Johnson JA

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A mol of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), an enzyme with two identical subunits can be titrated very rapidly and stoichiometrically with 2 mol of 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol, an environmentally sensitive chromophoric probe specific for thiols. Chemical modification does not inactivate the enzyme nor can the reaction be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Quiocho FE,Thomson JW

更新日期：1973-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is currently being pursued as a treatment for the monogenic disorder α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Results from phase I and II studies have shown relatively stable and dose-dependent increases in transgene-derived wild-type AAT after local intramuscular vector adm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calcedo R,Somanathan S,Qin Q,Betts MR,Rech AJ,Vonderheide RH,Mueller C,Flotte TR,Wilson JM

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins from eight eukaryotic families in the cytochrome P-450 superfamily share one region of sequence similarity. This region begins 275-310 amino acids from the amino terminus of each P-450, continues for approximately 170 residues, and ends 35-50 amino acids before the carboxyl terminus. The region can be divided...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kalb VF,Loper JC

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used DNase I as a probe to examine the chromatin structure of mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in rearranged and unrearranged chromosomes--i.e., in nuclei from myeloma cells and from brain and liver cells. Tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites are observed 0.7 and 1.7 kilobases upstream from...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung SY,Folsom V,Wooley J

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, has become an attractive new model organism for comparative genomics and evolutionary developmental biology. Over the last few years, many genes have been isolated and their expression patterns studied to gain insight into their function. More recently, functional tools have be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renfer E,Amon-Hassenzahl A,Steinmetz PR,Technau U

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite sharing a common architecture with archetypal voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), hyperpolarization- and cAMP-activated ion (HCN) channels open upon hyperpolarization rather than depolarization. The basic motions of the voltage sensor and pore gates are conserved, implying that these domains are inversely coup...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cowgill J,Klenchin VA,Alvarez-Baron C,Tewari D,Blair A,Chanda B

更新日期：2019-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant melanoma has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Clinical staging of the disease at the time of diagnosis is very important for the prognosis and outcome of melanoma treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the 18F-labe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pyo A,Kim DY,Kim H,Lim D,Kwon SY,Kang SR,Kim HS,Bom HS,Min JJ

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-thiazole-carboxamide; NSC 286193), an antitumor carbon-linked nucleoside that inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (IMP:NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.205) and depletes guanylate levels, can activate the erythroid differentiation program of K-562 human leukemia cells. Tiazofurin-mediated cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olah E,Natsumeda Y,Ikegami T,Kote Z,Horanyi M,Szelenyi J,Paulik E,Kremmer T,Hollan SR,Sugar J

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metal complex [(tpy)(Mebim-py)Ru(II)(S)](2+) (tpy = 2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine; Mebim-py = 3-methyl-1-pyridylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene; S = solvent) is a robust, reactive electrocatalyst toward both water oxidation to oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction to carbon monoxide. Here we describe its use as a single electroc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Z,Concepcion JJ,Brennaman MK,Kang P,Norris MR,Hoertz PG,Meyer TJ

更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Defects in clearing apoptotic debris disrupt tissue and immunological homeostasis, leading to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report that macrophages from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice have impaired lysosomal maturation, resulting in heightened ROS production and attenuated lysosomal acidification. Impaire...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Monteith AJ,Kang S,Scott E,Hillman K,Rajfur Z,Jacobson K,Costello MJ,Vilen BJ

更新日期：2016-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to guiding proteins to defined genomic loci, DNA can act as an allosteric ligand that influences protein structure and activity. Here we compared genome-wide binding, transcriptional regulation, and, using NMR, the conformation of two glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms that differ by a single amino acid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas-Chollier M,Watson LC,Cooper SB,Pufall MA,Liu JS,Borzym K,Vingron M,Yamamoto KR,Meijsing SH

更新日期：2013-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The human proteome contains a plethora of short linear motifs (SLiMs) that serve as binding interfaces for modular protein domains. Such interactions are crucial for signaling and other cellular processes, but are difficult to detect because of their low to moderate affinities. Here we developed a dedicated approach, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivarsson Y,Arnold R,McLaughlin M,Nim S,Joshi R,Ray D,Liu B,Teyra J,Pawson T,Moffat J,Li SS,Sidhu SS,Kim PM

更新日期：2014-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Higher plants process two distinct, nuclear gene-encoded glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) proteins, a Calvin-cycle enzyme active within chloroplasts and a glycolytic enzyme active within the cytosol. The gene for the chloroplast enzyme was previously suggested to be of endosymbiotic origin. Since the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martin W,Brinkmann H,Savonna C,Cerff R

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we show how a simple inorganic salt can spontaneously form autocatalytic sets of replicating inorganic molecules that work via molecular recognition based on the {PMo12} ≡ [PMo12O40]3- Keggin ion, and {Mo36} ≡ [H3Mo57M6(NO)6O183(H2O)18]22- cluster. These small clusters are able to catalyze their own formation via...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miras HN,Mathis C,Xuan W,Long DL,Pow R,Cronin L

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Early forms of the genetic code likely generated "statistical" proteins, with similar side chains occupying the same sequence positions at different ratios. In this scenario, groups of related side chains were treated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as a single molecular species until a discrimination mechanism develope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang XL,Otero FJ,Skene RJ,McRee DE,Schimmel P,Ribas de Pouplana L

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A vaccinia virus host range mutant (hr mutant) deleted of 18 kilobase pairs at the left end of the genome has been employed to precisely map a viral gene required for multiplication in human cells. DNA fragments from the wild-type virus were inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of mutant virus by means of in vivo h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gillard S,Spehner D,Drillien R,Kirn A

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The template for transcription and replication of negative-stranded RNA viruses is a ribonucleoprotein structure, the nucleocapsid. We have developed a system that supports assembly of the negative-stranded RNA genome of a defective interfering (DI) particle of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into a nucleocapsid in v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mirakhur B,Peluso RW

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the first 2 postnatal years, cortical thickness of the human brain develops dynamically and spatially heterogeneously and likely peaks between 1 and 2 y of age. The striking development renders this period critical for later cognitive outcomes and vulnerable to early neurodevelopmental disorders. However, due t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang F,Lian C,Wu Z,Zhang H,Li T,Meng Y,Wang L,Lin W,Shen D,Li G

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zenisek D

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00