Abstract:
:Chronic hepatitis C is a major worldwide health problem with an estimated prevalence of 1.6-2%. The prognosis of chronic hepatitis C depends on the rate of fibrosis progression which, over a 20-30-year time span, may determine the risk of developing cirrhosis and its complications, namely hepatocellular carcinoma, liver decompensation, hepatic encefalopathy and espohageal variceal bleeding. The only therapeutic measure able to halt this progressive process is HCV eradication by interferon (IFN)-based therapies. HCV clearance benefits patients with chronic hepatitis C, by preventing the progression to cirrhosis, as well as those with established cirrhosis, by effectively reducing the risk of liver-related complications. The latest innovation in anti-HCV treatment has been the pegylation of the IFN molecule through the attachment of one or more polyethylene glycols to the IFN molecule, drastically modifying the immunological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. Following the demonstration of a more potent antiviral effect in terms of sustained virological response rates in Phase III randomized trials, pegylated IFN coupled with ribavirin has become the standard of care for chronic hepatitis C. Currently, two forms of pegylated IFN exist (alpha2a and alpha2b), which differ significantly in terms of pharmacokinetics and dynamics, is whether these peculiarities translate into different efficacy rates being still being debated.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anti Infect Therjournal_title
Expert review of anti-infective therapyauthors
Aghemo A,Rumi MG,Colombo Mdoi
10.1586/eri.09.70subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
925-35issue
8eissn
1478-7210issn
1744-8336journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Necrobacillosis, often used synonymously with Lemierre's syndrome, is a form of abscess infection in the peritonsillar area associated with a thrombophlebitis and caused by the strict anaerobic species Fusobacterium necrophorum. The thrombosis formed affects the internal jugular vein, from which the bacteria are seede...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.172
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reversing the spread of HIV infection and the incidence of malaria constitute two of the Millenium Development Goals. However, despite recent achievements, both diseases still entail global heath problems. Furthermore, their overlapping geographical distribution raises concerns and challenges for potential immunologic...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.167
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy children are high transmitters of influenza and can experience poor influenza outcomes. Many questions remain about the efficacy and impect of preventive measures because most existing studies report imprecise proxies of influenza incidence, do not follow subjects throughout the entire influenza season and acr...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.106
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis is responsible for more then 2 million deaths worldwide each year and vies with HIV as the world's most fatal infectious disease. In many developing countries, attempts to control the spread of infection rely solely on identification and treatment of those with active disease, ignoring subclinical infecti...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.6.981
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus is a large DNA virus that is well-equipped to evade both innate and adaptive host immune responses and to establish lifelong latency. It is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Following allogeneic transplantation, immune responses are often inadequate to inhibit viral react...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2.4.559
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late presentation of HIV is common and is associated with several adverse outcomes including an increased risk of clinical progression, blunted immune recovery on highly active antiretroviral therapy and a greater risk of drug toxicity. Late presenters may have higher rates of poor adherence, exacerbated by the same f...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.106
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coinfection with hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients has been reported in 15-70% of patients depending on the mode of acquisition of both viruses. As recent advances in HIV-directed antiviral therapy have markedly delayed HIV progression and mortality, the incidence of complications arising from hepatitis C-associate...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.3.433
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates [HPMPC: cidofovir, Vistide; PMEA: adefovir dipivoxil, Hepsera; and PMPA: tenofovir, Viread] have proven to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections, for example, cidofo...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.1.21
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the treatment of HIV. A wide variety of antiretroviral agents are now available, allowing patients and physicians a choice of effective therapy. However, drug resistance and toxicities are emerging as major treatment challenges in the HAART ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.4.2.303
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of anaerobic infections encompasses surgical procedures, antibacterial therapy and adjuncts. At present, metronidazole, penems, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and chloramphenicol have the highest activity against obligate anaerobes. Tigecycline is a promising new agent. Other antibacteria...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.4.685
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fixed dose combination of abacavir with lamivudine represents a new treatment option for patients infected with HIV. Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine has the convenience of one pill and once-daily dosing. It achieves comparable suppression of plasma HIV RNA with the pill's individual components dosed twi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.6.871
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Monkeypox is a re-emerging viral zoonosis that occurs naturally in heavily forested regions of West and Central Africa. Inter-human transmission of monkeypox virus, although limited, drives outbreaks, particularly in household and health-care settings. But the available evidence suggests that without repea...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1567330
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a major burden to the healthcare system and intubated patients in intensive care units. In fact, VAP is responsible for at least 50% of prescribed antibiotics to patients who need mechanical ventilation. One of the factors contributing to VAP pathogenesis is believed to be...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1007045
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a consequence of antibiotic overuse and misuse, nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a physician's nightmare throughout the world. No newer antimicrobials active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the main multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen, are available or under investigation. ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.4.4.601
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The advent, more than two decades ago, of monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has revolutionized the therapeutic approach to otherwise difficult-to-treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, due to the pleiotropic functions played by this pro-inflam...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1544490
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite many theoretical and in vitro advantages, clinical data comparing combination therapy with colistin + rifampicin to colistin alone for infection due to extremely-drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumanni are scarce and limited by small numbers and/or low quality evidence. This article represents the first la...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14787210.2013.827881
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the constantly increasing need for new antimicrobial agents, antibiotic drug discovery and development seem to have greatly decelerated in recent years. Presented with the significant problem of advancing antimicrobial resistance, the global scientific community has attempted to find alternative solutions; one...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.5.593
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease resulting from exposure to one of the most poisonous toxins to humans. Because of this high potency and the use of toxins as biological weapons, botulism is a public health concern and each case represents an emergency. Current therapy involves respiratory supportive care an...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.945917
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection spreads primarily via contact with infected blood and can establish a persistent infection in 80% of infected individuals, progressively causing chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma or end-stage liver disease requiring a transplant. There is no vaccine, and ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eri.10.86
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this article is to review the current literature examining the use of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Procalcitonin is a serum marker that rises in response to bacterial infections, but remains low in nonbacterial infectio...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.45
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A defective mucociliary clearance facilitates colonization with bacteria and fungal spores in cystic fibrosis patients. Yeasts and molds are cultured from the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract and often their clinical relevance is unknown. Candida spp. are the most commonly isolated yeasts, whereas Aspergillus spp., S...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.72
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telavancin is a parenteral lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with a dual mechanism of action contributing to bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. It has been approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections due to susceptible Gram-positive bacteria and hospit...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.979789
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis in older adults has many challenges that affect rate of septic diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring parameters. Numerous age-related changes and comorbidities contribute to increased risk of infections in older adults, but also atypical symptomatology that delays diagnosis. Due to various pharmacokinetic/pharma...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1135052
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the discovery of innate immune receptors, the topics of innate immunity and its role in defense against infective agents have recently blossomed into very active research fields, after several decades of neglect. Among innate immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells are endowed with the unique ability to reco...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.6.867
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of the interleukin-6 receptor, may decrease the inflammatory response and control the symptoms of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the evidence is scarce. METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen therapy who received to...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1800453
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak occurred and caused the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which affected ~ 190 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. AREA COVERED:In the review, a com...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1835469
更新日期:2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The true incidence of pulmonary bacterial coinfection in infants and children hospitalized with a viral respiratory infection is difficult to ascertain but can vary widely from under 1 to 44%. For the same patient group admitted to pediatric intensive care units and/or requiring ventilatory support, the evidence is mo...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.80
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article we focus on the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of schistosomiasis infection on the lung vasculature. Overall, the basic biology and understanding of Schistosoma immune responses and their effect on the cardiopulmonary system is limited in both animal and human models, which hinders clinical ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.124
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ceftobiprole is approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), excluding ventilator...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1667229
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug concentrations in tuberculosis patients on standard regimens vary widely with clinically important consequences. Areas covered: We review the available literature identifying factors correlated with pharmacokinetic variability of antituberculosis drugs. Based on population pharmacokinetic models and t...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1555031
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00