Abstract:
:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection spreads primarily via contact with infected blood and can establish a persistent infection in 80% of infected individuals, progressively causing chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma or end-stage liver disease requiring a transplant. There is no vaccine, and current treatment with interferon and ribavirin is costly, poorly tolerated and ineffective for a large proportion of patients. Technical limitations have stifled the study of HCV immunology, and hence the correlates of resolution remain elusive. HCV robustly infects hepatocytes in the liver, yet HCV RNA is often found to be associated with peripheral blood lymphocytes and extrahepatic manifestations of the disease include B-cell abnormalities. The few existing characterized viral clones that can replicate in vitro have consistently failed to infect immune cells; however, some groups have detected low levels of replication in peripheral blood cells, hinting that occult forms of infection may be possible. HCV lymphotropism remains a controversial subject that needs to be elucidated in order to identify viral reservoirs that may provide targets for therapeutic intervention. The precise interactions between HCV and immune cells need to be determined to establish if the virus has developed mechanisms to modulate immune responses. In the study by Durand et al., correlations were sought between cell tropism and mutations in the 5 noncoding region of the HCV genome, known as the internal ribosome entry site. Key findings are discussed here, highlighting current experimental challenges that surround the topic of HCV lymphotropism.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anti Infect Therjournal_title
Expert review of anti-infective therapyauthors
Stamataki Zdoi
10.1586/eri.10.86subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
977-80issue
9eissn
1478-7210issn
1744-8336journal_volume
8pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract::Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an important public health problem endemic in 73 countries, where it is a major cause of acute and chronic morbidity and a significant impediment to socioeconomic development. It is targeted for elimination by 2020, through preventive chemotherapy using albendazole in combination with eith...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2013.811841
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::bla NDM is a major mechanism of resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics including the carbapenems. bla NDM has been acquired by a large range of Gram-negative bacilli, especially by the Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. The combination of human factors (suboptimal antibiotic stewardship an...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.856756
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug concentrations in tuberculosis patients on standard regimens vary widely with clinically important consequences. Areas covered: We review the available literature identifying factors correlated with pharmacokinetic variability of antituberculosis drugs. Based on population pharmacokinetic models and t...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1555031
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The introduction of antibiotics into modern medicine has changed clinical care by saving millions of lives. However, misuse of antibiotics has led to their benefits being overshadowed by the development of antimicrobial resistance. AIMS OF STUDY:This study aimed to assess university students' knowledge and ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1581607
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The management of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in children represents an important issue for paediatricians because of the disease burden, the lack of a gold standard for the diagnosis and the high annual risk of progression to active disease. Areas covered: A review of English language articles on LTBI in c...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1279541
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a novel type of antibiotic offering much potential in the treatment of microbial-related diseases. They offer many advantages for commercial development, including a broad spectrum of action and modest size. However, despite the identification or synthetic production of thousands of...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.6.951
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linezolid is the first member of a new generation of antibiotics, the synthetic oxazolidinones, to become available, with a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant E. ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.4.6.947
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pneumocystis pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening pulmonary infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals and HIV-infected patients with a low CD4 cell count. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used as the first-line agent for treatment, but mutations within dihydropteroate synthase gen...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1364991
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report, completed in November 2003, is intended to serve as a resource for physicians, public health officials and organizations involved in the evaluation and treatment of Lyme disease. ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1586/14789072.2.1.s1
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is of particular concern in immunodeficient individuals notably transplant recipients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. HCMV is predicted to encode multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) and several have been characterized in vitro. Furthermore, these miRNAs have been shown to ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1106939
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide. In many fatal cases, meningococcal disease is rapidly progressive and death occurs within hours of the initial symptoms. The early identification of patients at high risk of death would be useful in or...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.966079
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In susceptible patients, invasive aspergillosis has a high incidence and a mortality of up to 80%. The diagnosis of this condition is difficult, especially in the early stages of the disease and, as a consequence, antifungal therapy, despite its expense and toxicity, is often initiated empirically. Until recently, the...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.4.613
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2013, an estimated 1.5 million HIV-positive pregnant women gave birth, with 240,000 children worldwide acquiring HIV. More than 90% of new pediatric infections occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. The latest WHO guidelines recommended efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy as the first-line regimen for prevention ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1116383
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although penicillin remains the first-choice treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes infection, macrolides are important alternatives for allergic patients and lincosamides are recommended together with β-lactams in invasive infections. S. pyogenes may exhibit macrolide resistance because of active efflux (mef genes) or ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1023292
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that emerged in North America in 1999 in New York City. Over the past 15 years, WNV has become established throughout the USA and has spread into Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. CDC reports indicate >41,000 clinical cases, including more t...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1007043
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rapid molecular diagnostic methods help in the detection of TB and Rifampicin resistance. These methods detect TB early, are accurate and play a crucial role in reducing the burden of drug resistant tuberculosis. Areas covered: This review analyses rapid molecular diagnostic tools used in the diagnosis of ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1438262
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis in older adults has many challenges that affect rate of septic diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring parameters. Numerous age-related changes and comorbidities contribute to increased risk of infections in older adults, but also atypical symptomatology that delays diagnosis. Due to various pharmacokinetic/pharma...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1135052
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The nervous system is involved in 10-15% of patients infected with B. burgdorferi, B. afzelii and B. garinii. This review will address widespread misconceptions about the clinical phenomenology, diagnostic approach and response to treatment of neuroborreliosis. Areas covered: Improvements in diagnostic tes...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1417836
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular pathogens present a major health risk because of their innate ability to evade clearance. Their location within host cells and ability to react to the host environment by mutation or transcriptional changes often enables survival mechanisms to resist standard therapies. Host-directed drugs do not target ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2013.845524
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates [HPMPC: cidofovir, Vistide; PMEA: adefovir dipivoxil, Hepsera; and PMPA: tenofovir, Viread] have proven to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections, for example, cidofo...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.1.21
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) is the precursor of up to 40% of preterm deliveries and an independent risk factor for neonatal disease, death and long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental deficits. A significant proportion of cases of pPROM are infection driven, although these are difficult to delineat...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.4.551
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive yeast infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with defective immune response, such as those with cancer-related immunosuppression, organ transplantation or other immunodeficiencies, and neonates. Hospitalization in the intensive care unit may increase the risk for such infect...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.1.129
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although evidence indicates that use of procalcitonin to guide antibiotic decisions for the treatment of acute respiratory infections (ARI) decreases antibiotic consumption and improves clinical outcomes, algorithms used within studies had differences in PCT cut-off points and frequency of testing. We ther...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1496331
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Malaysia, various aspects of the epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage and disease remain largely unclear due to the lack of supporting data. Although a number of relevant studies have been documented, their individual discrete findings are not sufficient to inform experts on pneumococcal epidemiology at a national...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.54
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretrovirals is now widely used worldwide after either occupational contact (with blood or another blood-containing fluid), or nonoccupational contact (mainly sexual or injection-drug use). It is assumed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by at least 80%, although its effica...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.20
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) accounts for almost a quarter of the world population, and, in 5-10% of the subjects with impaired immune-response against M. tuberculosis growth, it may progress to active tuberculosis (TB). In this review, we focus on the need to propose a screening for LTBI including...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1483238
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We performed a meta-analysis to determine diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosis of abdominal (intestinal or peritoneal) tuberculosis (TB) in various tissues (intestinal, omental/peritoneal tissue or ascitic fluid). METHODS:Electronic databases were searched for observational studies on use of X...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1816169
更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus remains a serious and life-threatening disease for approximately 5% of the world's population, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Although prognoses can be improved by chemotherapy, treatment options are limited and none has been consistently successful. Interf...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14789072.2.6.853
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection is associated with intensive care admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Our study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes of CRE in the ICU units. METHODS:This was a retrospective matched case-control study of patients admi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1822736
更新日期:2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The identification of factors that can predispose to the development of severe influenza is essential to enable the implementation of optimal prevention and control measures for vulnerable populations. AREAS COVERED:Unfortunately, data in the pediatric age group remain difficult to interpret. However, epi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1227701
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00