Abstract:
:The determination of sex is considered one of the first essential steps in positive identification. The current study aspires to accomplish a threefold purpose: to develop an easy and rapid sex determination technique using digital radiographs from the proximal epiphysis of the femur, to develop a simplified tool for pathologists that will provide accurate sex identification using radiographs and to compare this method with standard osteometric techniques applied to the same population. A total of 70 (36 males and 34 females) left femora were measured according to standard osteometric techniques. The proximal epiphyses of the same sample were then radiographed using a digital X-ray machine (TCA 4R PLUS). The skeletal remains were selected from the exhumed skeletons of St. Konstantinos and Pateles Cemeteries, Heraklion, Crete. Nine classical measurements were taken from the entire dry femora. Stepwise discriminant function analysis selected only 2 dimensions (maximum head diameter and anterior-posterior midshaft diameter) producing an accuracy rate of 88.6% for both original and cross-validated data. If assuming that only the proximal part of the femur is present, direct procedure results in 87.1% correct group membership. Six landmarks were selected in the radiograph and 15 variables representing all possible combinations of these landmarks were calculated using a specially designed calibrated Java program. Measurements were submitted to discriminant function analysis using SPSS subroutines. Stepwise discriminant function analysis selected only 3 out of 15 dimensions, producing an accuracy rate of 92.9%. The formula generated was then incorporated into the Java application, resulting in the development of a sex identification software (SIS). A sample of 36 (23 left and 13 right) femoral radiographs was used in order to test the software's reliability and sex was correctly identified in 32/36 cases, giving an accuracy rate of 91.7%. The radiographic technique proposed here performed better compared to conventional methods in the same population. From a forensic point of view it is a useful alternative method when semi-decomposed or charred remains are recovered in mass disasters or crime scenes and maceration is not an option. The application of metric methods in radiographs and the development of a highly specific software provides a useful and easy tool for sex identification that can be used in certain forensic cases in which osteometry does not apply.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Kranioti EF,Vorniotakis N,Galiatsou C,Işcan MY,Michalodimitrakis Mdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-08-10 00:00:00pages
113.e1-7issue
1-3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(09)00194-7journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study investigated the interobserver variation between a radiologist and a forensic pathologist in 994 injury diagnoses obtained by postmortem computed tomography (CT) of 67 traffic fatality victims, and the results were compared with diagnoses obtained by autopsy. The injuries were coded according to the ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.028
更新日期:2013-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS388, DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461 and DYS462 were typed in Inuit (n=70) and Danish (n=62) population samples. ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00036-7
更新日期:2003-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the automotive companies use cast iron for their engine blocks. Restoration of obliterated number on these iron surfaces by chemical etching is known to be quite difficult. Heating of the obliterated surface using oxyacetylene flame is an alternative recovery treatment suggested in literature and used in pract...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.020
更新日期:2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The reference database of highly informative Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) haplotypes (YHRD), available online at http://ystr.charite.de, represents the largest collection of male-specific genetic profiles currently available for European populations. By September 2000, YHRD contained 4688 9-locus (so-called...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00478-3
更新日期:2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and research-based tests in molecular biology require a substantial amount of DNA and RNA, unfortunately, a considerable number of cells is needed for this amount of sample. Blood is one of the best and easiest source of cells, but is not used due to its invasive drawing methods and the needed volume. Another...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109931
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an investigation of postmortem ethanol diffusion deuterium-labeled ethanol-d6 was instilled by peroral gavage immediately after death by CO into the stomach of rat carcasses which were subsequently kept for 12-72 h at 5 or 30 degrees C. The heart blood, abdominal fluid and several tissues were collected and analyze...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(95)01820-4
更新日期:1995-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP-analysis) was carried out on blood samples from 616 unrelated Danish Caucasians. DNA was restricted with Hinf I and analyzed with the single locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. The effect of the sample size on the estima...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(94)90275-5
更新日期:1994-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the development and validation of a method for the analysis of office papers by measuring carbon isotopes using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The method development phase included testing protocols for storage, sample materials, set-up of the analytical run; and examining the effects of ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.009
更新日期:2013-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of deceased persons is the most common role of the forensic dentist. Forensic physical comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental data is used to establish that a found body and a missing person are one and the same to a high degree of certainty. An overview of this role is presented as a review of ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.030
更新日期:2010-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::A partial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to Taiwan. The conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosa...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00403-0
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two amphetamine-like piperazine-containing compounds, 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-piperazinopropane (3,4-MDPPP), its positional isomer 1-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-piperazinopropane (2,3-MDPPP) and three methcathinone-like piperazine-containing regioisomeric ring substituted 1-(methoxyphenyl)-2-piperazinopropanon...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.11.015
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicides with chain saws and circular saws are extreme exceptions, in particular with regard to females and concerning the neck region. We report two of such rare cases involving young women. A 30-year-old female with a known schizoaffective psychosis killed herself with an electric chain saw. The autopsy revealed a d...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.05.019
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical evaluation of gunshot residues (GSR) produced by non-toxic lead-free ammunition (NTA) has been a challenge to forensic analyses. Our group developed some luminescent markers specific to the detection of GSR. Here, we evaluated the performance of selected markers in experiments that mimic forensic context and/...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.001
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a technique for the gross examination of postmortem eyes of children who are suspected to have been the victims of deliberate trauma. By removing the anterior segment (cornea, iris, lens and pars plicata of the ciliary body) en bloc by a coronal incision through the pars plana just anterior to the...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(92)90149-q
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fundamental to any ballistic armour standard is the reference projectile to be defeated. Typically, for certification purposes, a consistent and symmetrical bullet geometry is assumed, however variations in bullet jacket dimensions can have far reaching consequences. Traditionally, characteristics and internal dimensi...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.11.002
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding bone trauma characteristics is a fundamental component of forensic investigations that can assist in understanding the nature of blunt trauma related deaths. The variation of each blunt force trauma (BFT) injury is dependent on a magnitude of factors including, age, sex, health, angle of impact, impact m...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110140
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) of bloodstains on hard, non-porous surfaces has found widespread use in crime scene analysis and reconstruction for violent crimes in which bloodshed occurs. At many violent crime scenes, bloody clothing is also found and may be analyzed. However, to date, there are no definitive meth...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.011
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two rates of carbon dioxide flow into the termination chamber were applied for the euthanasia of rats. The classical phases of asphyxia were observed in both groups of animals although their course was prolonged in rats exposed to the lower gas flow. The haemorrhages were assessed histologically in the following struc...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00591-6
更新日期:2001-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide has been reported as the second or third most common cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide. In this study, cases of under the age of 19 years submitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, First Specialization Board between 1996 and 2000 as suicides by the Board were evaluated retrospectively....
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.024
更新日期:2004-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::There are numerous types of fluorescent fingermark powders or reagents used with the visualization of latent fingermarks deposited on multicolored substrate surfaces that can present a contrast problem if developed with regular fingermark powders. The developed fingermarks can show bright fluorescence upon exposure to...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.008
更新日期:2009-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Air bags have been implicated in saving lives and reducing morbidity associated with motor vehicle crashes since their introduction in the mid-1970s. However, there is increasing evidence showing that air bags can be a source of injury and even death in certain circumstances. As the number of air bag-equipped vehicles...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00197-4
更新日期:2002-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair provides a strong indication of ethanol consumption and its investigation is of interest in both clinical and forensic contexts because of the wide window of detection. However, due to the possibility of false negative results in cases of small ethanol intake or excessiv...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110071
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report highlights the importance of an individual chemical's odor impact in the olfactory identification of marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. There are small amounts of highly odorous compounds present in headspace of these drugs, with very low odor detection thresholds, that are more likely responsible for contrib...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.08.027
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critics and commentators have been calling for some time for black box studies in the forensic science disciplines to establish the foundational validity of those fields-that is, to establish a discipline-wide, base-rate estimate of the error rates that may be expected in each field. While the well-known FBI/Noblis bl...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110457
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a 13-month-old boy with a diagnosis of unclear unconsciousness is reported on. As the physical examination did not lead to any explanation of his condition, the administration of drugs in the context of Munchausen syndrome by proxy was suspected. Complex forensic-toxicological analyses using HPLC/UV, LC/MS...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.021
更新日期:2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis cultivation in order to produce drugs is forbidden in Switzerland. Thus, law enforcement authorities regularly ask forensic laboratories to determinate cannabis plant's chemotype from seized material in order to ascertain that the plantation is legal or not. As required by the EU official analysis protocol th...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.034
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diphenhydramine is one of the first effective antihistamine agents to have been discovered. The compound is also used for its sedative and antiemetic effects. The first case involving repetitive sedation linked to the use of diphenhydramine as a drug-facilitated crime and subsequent impairment of a 9-year-old female v...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.006
更新日期:2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The paper extends on the traditional methodology used to quantify DNA evidence in paternity or identification cases. By extending we imply that there are more than two alternatives to choose between. In a standard paternity case the two competing explanations H(1): "John Doe is the father of the child and H(2): "A ran...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00147-x
更新日期:2000-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Blunt (non-penetrating) aortic injuries, in which the arterial wall is damaged in the direction from the intima towards the adventitia, are most commonly the result of a traffic accident. The various forms of blunt aortic injuries, from limited laceration of the intima to complete transection of the aorta, depend on t...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.10.026
更新日期:2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Changes in water diffusion can be quantified by diffusion-weighted MR imaging. However, there are only few reports about changes in post mortem brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal pattern of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the brain after death, to compare the values to in v...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.022
更新日期:2012-07-10 00:00:00