Abstract:
:Mitochondrial Ca(2+) activates many processes, from mitochondrial metabolism to opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) and apoptosis. However, there is considerable controversy regarding the free mitochondrial [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](M)) levels that can be attained during cell activation or even in mitochondrial preparations. Studies using fluorescent dyes (rhod-2 or similar), have reported that phosphate precipitation precludes [Ca(2+)](M) from increasing above 2-3 microM. Instead, using low-Ca(2+)-affinity aequorin probes, we have measured [Ca(2+)](M) values more than two orders of magnitude higher. We confirm here these values by making a direct in situ calibration of mitochondrial aequorin, and we show that a prolonged increase in [Ca(2+)](M) to levels of 0.5-1mM was actually observed at any phosphate concentration (0-10mM) during continuous perfusion of 3.5-100 microM Ca(2+)-buffers. In spite of this high and maintained (>10 min) [Ca(2+)](M), mitochondria retained functionality and the [Ca(2+)](M) drop induced by a protonophore was fully reversible. In addition, this high [Ca(2+)](M) did not induce PTP opening unless additional activators (phenyl arsine oxide, PAO) were present. PAO induced a rapid, concentration-dependent and irreversible drop in [Ca(2+)](M). In conclusion [Ca(2+)](M) levels of 0.5-1mM can be reached and maintained for prolonged periods (>10 min) in phosphate-containing medium, and massive opening of PTP requires additional pore activators.
journal_name
Cell Calciumjournal_title
Cell calciumauthors
Vay L,Hernández-SanMiguel E,Lobatón CD,Moreno A,Montero M,Alvarez Jdoi
10.1016/j.ceca.2008.10.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
243-50issue
3eissn
0143-4160issn
1532-1991pii
S0143-4160(08)00168-1journal_volume
45pub_type
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