Abstract:
:Vibrio tubiashii is a recently reemerging pathogen of larval bivalve mollusks, causing both toxigenic and invasive disease. Marine Vibrio spp. produce an array of extracellular products as potential pathogenicity factors. Culture supernatants of V. tubiashii have been shown to be toxic to oyster larvae and were reported to contain a metalloprotease and a cytolysin/hemolysin. However, the structural genes responsible for these proteins have yet to be identified, and it is uncertain which extracellular products play a role in pathogenicity. We investigated the effects of the metalloprotease and hemolysin secreted by V. tubiashii on its ability to kill Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. While V. tubiashii supernatants treated with metalloprotease inhibitors severely reduced the toxicity to oyster larvae, inhibition of the hemolytic activity did not affect larval toxicity. We identified structural genes of V. tubiashii encoding a metalloprotease (vtpA) and a hemolysin (vthA). Sequence analyses revealed that VtpA shared high homology with metalloproteases from a variety of Vibrio species, while VthA showed high homology only to the cytolysin/hemolysin of Vibrio vulnificus. Compared to the wild-type strain, a VtpA mutant of V. tubiashii not only produced reduced amounts of protease but also showed decreased toxicity to C. gigas larvae. Vibrio cholerae strains carrying the vtpA or vthA gene successfully secreted the heterologous protein. Culture supernatants of V. cholerae carrying vtpA but not vthA were highly toxic to Pacific oyster larvae. Together, these results suggest that the V. tubiashii extracellular metalloprotease is important in its pathogenicity to C. gigas larvae.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Hasegawa H,Lind EJ,Boin MA,Häse CCdoi
10.1128/AEM.00061-08subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
4101-10issue
13eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.00061-08journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Soil salinization is a growing threat to global agriculture and carbon sequestration, but to date it remains unclear how microbial processes will respond. We studied the acute response to salt exposure of a range of anabolic and catabolic microbial processes, including bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (ace...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.04052-15
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::For simultaneous identification of members of the betaproteobacterial order "Rhodocyclales" in environmental samples, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted oligonucleotide microarray (RHC-PhyloChip) consisting of 79 probes was developed. Probe design was based on phylogenetic analysis of available 16S rRNA sequences from all cultu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1373-1386.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) was used as a single carbon source in the enrichment culture medium for screening 7-ACA-degrading microorganisms, pink yeast colonies appeared frequently, and these were identified as Rhodotorula glutinis. These intact R. glutinis cells converted (i) 7-ACA to deacetyl-7-ACA (7-...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.7.2669-2672.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial diversity of septic tank effluent (STE) and the biomat that is formed as a result of STE infiltration on soil were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results indicate that microbial communities are different within control soil, STE, and the biomat and that microbes found in STE are not found ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00560-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial and archaeal diversity was examined in a sediment core from Lake Bonney, Antarctica. Members of the Archaea showed both low abundance and diversity, whereas bacterial diversity was moderately high and some phyla were fairly abundant, even in geologically old samples. Microbial diversity correlated with sampl...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02336-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial arrangements and associative behavior of Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus oralis strains in an in vitro model of supragingival plaque were determined. Using species-specific fluorescence-labeled antibodies in conjunction with con...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.3.1343-1350.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To prevent transmission of mycobacterial pathogens, medical devices must be disinfected by germicides with proven mycobactericidal activity. The quantitative carrier test EN 14563 provides an international standard for evaluation of the mycobactericidal activity of disinfectants under practical conditions. However, te...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01660-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stromatolites, organosedimentary structures formed by microbial activity, are found throughout the geological record and are important markers of biological history. More conspicuous in the past, stromatolites occur today in a few shallow marine environments, including Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Ham...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4822-4832.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An anaerobic diplococcoid bacterium able to degrade hydrolyzable tannins was isolated from the ruminal fluid of a goat fed desmodium (Desmodium ovalifolium), a tropical legume which contains levels as high as 17% condensed tannins. This strain grew under anaerobic conditions in the presence of up to 30 g of tannic aci...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.9.3293-3298.1995
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonia monooxygenase of Nitrosomonas europaea catalyzes the oxidation of alkanes (up to C(8)) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C(5)) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions. Straight-chain, N-terminal alkynes (up to C(10)) all exhibited a time-dependent inhibition of ammonia oxidation without effects ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.12.3187-3190.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-four Escherichia coli strains producing standard colicins were evaluated for inhibitory activity against 27 diarrheagenic E. coli strains of serotypes O15:H-, O26:(H11, H-), and O111:(H8, H11, H-), including O157:H7, representing diarrheagenic E. coli clones, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10. Overlay techniques were used to ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.9.3196-3202.1996
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wild animals living close to cattle and pig farms (four each) were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; also known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). The prevalence of VTEC among the 260 samples from wild animals was generally low. However, VTEC isolates from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6944-6947.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hot-water extracts of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) wood were assayed for their total carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and glucose content. These hydrolysates were then used as complete media for yeast growth. A total of 10 strains of yeasts were evaluated for their biomass production in the mesquite wood hydrolysates. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.52.2.385-387.1986
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preinfection development in Colletotrichum spp. exhibits three morphologies (conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria) and is directed by a complex interplay of environmental signals. Germ tube morphogenesis for Colletotrichum trifolii and the related fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene was shown to ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.6.2378-2383.1997
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental bacteria are exposed to a myriad of biotic interactions that influence their function and survival. The grazing activity of protozoan predators significantly impacts the dynamics, diversification, and evolution of bacterial communities in soil ecosystems. To evade protozoan predation, bacteria employ var...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01272-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size changes during starvation of 17 marine bacterial isolates at a solid-water interface and in the liquid phase were examined. Twelve rod-shaped, hydrophilic bacteria decreased in size more rapidly at the solid surface than in the liquid phase, a result parallel to that observed previously for one of the strains at ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.1.43-47.1983
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular fatty acids of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria were analyzed. The purpose of this work was to find lactic acid bacteria with high lactobacillic acid contents. The bacteria studied were unable to synthesize oleic acid. Some strains did not synthesize lactobacillic acid, although all were able to form dihydr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4497-4499.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To ascertain whether position 131 of a mesophilic protease, subtilisin BPN', is a potential critical site for cold adaptation as screened by evolutionary engineering (S. Taguchi, A. Ozaki, and H. Momose, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:492-495, 1998), a full set of subtilisin BPN' mutants with mutations at position 131 w...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.4.1410-1415.2000
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel display system is described that allows highly efficient immobilization of heterologous proteins on bacterial surfaces in applications for which the use of genetically modified bacteria is less desirable. This system is based on nonliving and non-genetically modified gram-positive bacterial cells, designated g...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.880-889.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multistep cleavage of carotenoids in Mucorales during the sexual phase results in a cocktail of trisporic acid (C18) sex pheromones. We hypothesized that the C18 trisporoid intermediates have a specific regulatory function for sex pheromone production and carotenogenesis that varies with genus/species and vegetati...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02096-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following two factors significantly influence estimates of the maximum specific growth rate ( micro (max)) and the lag-phase duration (lambda): (i) the technique used to monitor bacterial growth and (ii) the model fitted to estimate parameters. In this study, nine strains of Listeria monocytogenes were monitored s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.12.5816-5825.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is among the most important food-borne pathogens and is well adapted to persist in the environment. To gain insight into the genetic relatedness and potential virulence of L. monocytogenes strains causing central nervous system (CNS) infections, we used multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06507-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been shown that the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis secretes a 14-kDa protein, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis AMP-I (CmmAMP-I), that inhibits growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. Using sequences...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01065-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni isolates possess multiple adhesive proteins termed adhesins, which promote the organism's attachment to epithelial cells. Based on the proposal that one or more adhesins are shared among C. jejuni isolates, we hypothesized that C. jejuni strains would compete for intestinal and cecal colonization ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02193-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the event of a biothreat agent release, hundreds of samples would need to be rapidly processed to characterize the extent of contamination and determine the efficacy of remediation activities. Current biological agent identification and viability determination methods are both labor- and time-intensive such that tu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00623-11
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial precipitation of barite (BaSO(4)) under laboratory conditions is reported for the first time. The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus was cultivated in a solid medium with a diluted solution of barium chloride. Crystallization occurred as a result of the presence of live bacteria and the bacterial metabolic activit...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.9.5722-5725.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of sulfate respiration in the microbial mat found in the low-sulfate thermal outflow of Mushroom Spring in Yellowstone National Park was evaluated using a combination of molecular, microelectrode, and radiotracer studies. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, this mat community was shown to sustain a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00357-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of the microbial spoilage population for air- and vacuum-packaged meat (beef and pork) stored at 4 degrees C was investigated over 11 days. We monitored the viable counts (mesophilic total aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterococcus spp.) by the microbio...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4697-4705.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying and overcoming the limitations preventing efficient high-yield production of chemicals remain important tasks in metabolic engineering. In an attempt to rewire Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce ethanol, we attained a low yield (63% of the theoretical) when using resting cells on glucose, and large amou...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02114-20
更新日期:2020-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Transformed root cultures of three nonmycotrophic and one mycotrophic plant species stimulated germination and hyphal growth of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.) in a gel medium. However, only roots of the mycotrophic species (carrot) supported continued hyphal exploration ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.8.2750-2752.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00