Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Current understanding of the lymphatic system of the breast is derived mainly from the work of the anatomist Sappey in the 1850s, with many observations made during the development and introduction of breast lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy contributing to our knowledge. METHODS:Twenty four breasts in 14 fresh human cadavers (5 male, 9 female) were studied. Lymph vessels were identified with hydrogen peroxide and injected with a lead oxide mixture and radiographed. The specimens were cross sectioned and radiographed to provide three dimensional images. Lymph (collecting) vessels were traced from the periphery to the first-tier lymph node. RESULTS:Lymph collecting vessels were found evenly spaced at the periphery of the anterior upper torso draining radially into the axillary lymph nodes. As they reached the breast some passed over and some through the breast parenchyma, as revealed in the cross-section studies. The pathways showed no significant difference between male and female specimens. We found also perforating lymph vessels that coursed beside the branches of the internal mammary vessels, draining into the ipsilateral internal mammary lymphatics. In some studies one sentinel node in the axilla drained almost the entire breast. In most more than one sentinel node was represented. CONCLUSION:These anatomical findings are discordant with our current knowledge based on previous studies and demand closer examination by clinicians. These anatomical studies may help explain the percentage of false-negative sentinel node biopsy studies and suggest the peritumoral injection site for accurate sentinel lymph node detection.
journal_name
Ann Surg Oncoljournal_title
Annals of surgical oncologyauthors
Suami H,Pan WR,Mann GB,Taylor GIdoi
10.1245/s10434-007-9709-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
863-71issue
3eissn
1068-9265issn
1534-4681journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) has recently increased. The aim of this study is to assess perceptions of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk among breast cancer patients and to evaluate tumor and patient factors associated with risk perception. METHODS:We conducted a prospectiv...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1914-x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of major surgery in treating symptoms of advanced malignancies. METHODS:Fifty-nine patients were evaluated for major symptoms of intent to treat and were followed up until death or last clinical evaluation. Surgeons identified planned operations before surgery as...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1245/aso.2003.06.011
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The added value of surgery in breast cancer patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is uncertain. The accuracy of imaging identifying pCR for omission of surgery, however, is insufficient. We investigated the accuracy of ultrasound-guided biopsies identifyi...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-020-09273-0
更新日期:2020-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As increased focus is placed on quality of care in surgery, readmission is an increasingly important metric by which hospital and surgeon quality is measured. For complex pancreatic surgery, we hypothesized that increased pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) volume may mitigate readmission rates. METHODS:The Univer...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4451-1
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) following cytoreductive surgery is a radical but effective treatment option for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Unfortunately, a standardized HIPEC protocol is missing impeding systematic comparisons with regard to minimal effective temperatures...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4853-0
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most melanoma patients present with thin ( journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology pub_type: 杂志文章 doi:10.1245/ASO.2006.05.011 更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients with uterine carcinosarcoma undergoing sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. METHODS:A prospectively maintained database was reviewed for all women with uterine cancer treated at our institution from January 1, 1998 to August 31, 2014. Patients were grou...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4612-2
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion characterized by replacement of normal squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium. This lesion can progress to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Recently, the Fas receptor and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein have been described as important mediators of apoptosis a...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10434-999-0298-7
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a proven approach for regional delivery of chemotherapy in patients with unresectable primary and metastatic tumors of the liver. Most trials of IHP have utilized melphalan as the active drug in the perfusate. We performed a phase I trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and maximu...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-008-0179-5
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prognosis of humeral sarcomas has improved greatly in the past 20 years. As a result, the challenges for orthopedic oncologists include long-term handicap and local morbidity. METHODS:Shoulder reconstruction after the resection of sarcomas with the proximal humerus was evaluated for 55 patients from 199...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-010-1443-z
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery (SRT-delay) is still under clinical investigation for its efficacy in treating low rectal cancer (≤5 cm from the anal verge). This study was designed to assess the pattern of local recurrence and oncologic outcomes in T3 low rectal cancer treated with SRT-delay....
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5604-6
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is an unusual variant of LCIS for which optimal management remains unclear. METHODS:We conducted a 15-year (2000-2014) retrospective chart review of the radiologic, pathologic, clinical management, and recurrence rates of patients with PLCIS on diagnostic biopsy...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4552-x
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relative effects of growth hormone on tumor versus host growth and protein metabolism are not known. This study examines the influence of recombinant rat growth hormone (r-rGH) on host and tumor growth, host body composition, and protein synthesis of tumor and host in tumor-bearing rats. METHODS:After l...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02303570
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is often misclassified and mistreated due to mixed histologic features. In general, cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is standard of care for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from mucinous appendiceal tumors; however, i...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-019-07932-5
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microscopic venous invasion (MVI) and the subsequent peripheral blood circulation of cancer cells are considered to be the primary route for systemic dissemination of pancreatic cancer. METHODS:Patients who underwent pancreatectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between January 2007 and Decem...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-017-6324-2
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, as a result of refinement in molecular biology techniques, significant progress has been made in the understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis. Particular attention has been drawn to identification of genetic mutation that may predispose to colorectal carcinoma (familial syndromes) and may ...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02306621
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:L-phenylalanine mustard (LPAM) has been the standard for use in regional chemotherapy (RC) for unresectable in-transit melanoma. Preclinical data demonstrated that regional temozolomide (TMZ) may be more effective. METHODS:Patients with AJCC Stage IIIB or IIIC extremity melanoma who failed previous LPAM-bas...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1245/s10434-014-3887-z
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:To identify melanoma patients at sufficiently low risk of nodal metastases who could avoid sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), several statistical models have been proposed based upon patient/tumor characteristics, including logistic regression, classification trees, random forests, and support vector machi...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1979-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Accumulated evidence indicates that the incidence of early-onset breast cancer has rapidly increased in Taiwan and other Asian compared to Western countries. The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway might be one of the crucial mechanisms of predisposition to early breast cancer. In this study, we explored whether M...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5168-5
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast surgeons have a wide variety of intraoperative techniques available to help achieve low rates for positive margins of excision, with variable levels of evidence. METHODS:A systematic review of the medical literature from 1995 to July 2016 was conducted, with 434 abstracts identified and evaluated. Th...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5756-4
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multidisciplinary treatment of rectal cancer, including neoadjuvant treatment, total mesorectal excision, and adjuvant chemotherapy, have improved oncological outcome. Preoperative radiation therapy is advocated by national and international guidelines in all patients with AJCC stage II and III rectal cancer...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-019-07842-6
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop liver metastases. We evaluated the role of CD200, a potent immunosuppressive molecule, in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS:We examined 110 patients who underwent curative liver resection for CRLM at our institution betwe...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-020-09471-w
更新日期:2021-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil modulated by folinic acid, combined with oxaliplatin, has now become an accepted standard of care for patients with stage III colon cancer. In contrast, the use of adjuvant therapy for stage II patients remains controversial, and the identification of reliable progno...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1245/ASO.2006.07.003
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This anatomic study details the lymphatic drainage of the upper extremity (UE) and breast, as well as its course in the axilla and its relation to axillary reverse mapping. Two aspects important for breast cancer surgery were followed: connection between the lymphatics of the UE and breast, and the possible ...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2363-x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for both risk reduction and cancer is increasing. In the cancer setting, most studies suggest the use of both clinical and intraoperative biopsy criteria in patient selection. This study examines the use of both biopsy and clinical criteria in women undergoing total nipple-rem...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2511-3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Positive peritoneal cytology is a predictor of poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Our aim is to more clearly define the natural history of this cohort. METHODS:Review of a prospectively maintained gastric cancer database of patients who had diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal washings. Clinic...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-010-1183-0
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the sentinel node (SN) concept has been validated in malignant melanoma and breast cancer, the application of this concept for other solid tumors, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, is still controversial. We have demonstrated the feasibility of radioguided SN mapping during laparotomy in patients with e...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The overall incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is higher in males than females. Specifically, signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is more frequently observed in younger female patients. However, limited information focused on sex-specific differences in GC has been reported. The aim of our study was to analyze cl...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5448-0
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), characterized by simultaneous methylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in many cancers. Whether CIMP is potentially predictive of clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unkn...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-010-0921-7
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, few studies have evaluated population-based trends in diagnosis, management, and outcome. METHODS:We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to evaluate treatment trends and outcomes for patients 18 or older...
journal_title:Annals of surgical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1245/s10434-006-9249-8
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00