Abstract:
:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide endogenous RNAs that often repress the expression of complementary messenger RNAs. In animals, miRNAs derive from characteristic hairpins in primary transcripts through two sequential RNase III-mediated cleavages; Drosha cleaves near the base of the stem to liberate a approximately 60-nucleotide pre-miRNA hairpin, then Dicer cleaves near the loop to generate a miRNA:miRNA* duplex. From that duplex, the mature miRNA is incorporated into the silencing complex. Here we identify an alternative pathway for miRNA biogenesis, in which certain debranched introns mimic the structural features of pre-miRNAs to enter the miRNA-processing pathway without Drosha-mediated cleavage. We call these pre-miRNAs/introns 'mirtrons', and have identified 14 mirtrons in Drosophila melanogaster and another four in Caenorhabditis elegans (including the reclassification of mir-62). Some of these have been selectively maintained during evolution with patterns of sequence conservation suggesting important regulatory functions in the animal. The abundance of introns comparable in size to pre-miRNAs appears to have created a context favourable for the emergence of mirtrons in flies and nematodes. This suggests that other lineages with many similarly sized introns probably also have mirtrons, and that the mirtron pathway could have provided an early avenue for the emergence of miRNAs before the advent of Drosha.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Ruby JG,Jan CH,Bartel DPdoi
10.1038/nature05983subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-05 00:00:00pages
83-6issue
7149eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature05983journal_volume
448pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::One goal of regenerative medicine, to use stem cells to replace cells lost by injury or disease, depends on producing an excess of the relevant cell for study or transplantation. To this end, the stepwise differentiation of stem cells into specialized derivatives has been successful for some cell types, but a major pr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11463
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Appropriate repair of DNA lesions and the inhibition of DNA repair activities at telomeres are crucial to prevent genomic instability. By fuelling the generation of genetic alterations and by compromising cell viability, genomic instability is a driving force in cancer and ageing. Here we identify MAD2L2 (also known a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14216
更新日期:2015-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all organisms that must have been available since the origin of life. Abiotic processes including hydrothermal reduction, photochemical reactions, or lightning discharge could have converted atmospheric N2 into assimilable NH4(+), HCN, or NOx species, collectively termed fixed nit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14180
更新日期:2015-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The identical structure of two racially distinct alpha 1-globin alleles and the high degree of homology between the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin loci indicate that mechanisms exist for suppression of allelic polymorphisms and for exchange of genetic information within the alpha-globin gene complex. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/290026a0
更新日期:1981-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Non-coding apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA are continually created in cells both spontaneously and by damage-specific DNA glycosylases. The biologically critical human base excision repair enzyme APE1 cleaves the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone at a position 5' of AP sites to prime DNA repair synthesis. Here we r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35000249
更新日期:2000-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature22062. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24276
更新日期:2017-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial toxins represent a vast reservoir of biochemical diversity that can be repurposed for biomedical applications. Such proteins include a group of predicted interbacterial toxins of the deaminase superfamily, members of which have found application in gene-editing techniques1,2. Because previously described cyt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2477-4
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine is believed to work by blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT) and thereby increasing the availability of free dopamine within the brain. Although this concept is central to current cocaine research and to treatment development, a direct relationship between DAT blockade and the subjective effects of cocaine h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/386827a0
更新日期:1997-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Cell and lipid membranes are able to bend, as manifested during membrane fusion and the formation of non-lamellar lyotropic mesophases in water. But there is an energy cost to bending of lipid layers, called the curvature elastic energy. Although the functional form of this energy is known, a complete quantitative kno...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/368224a0
更新日期:1994-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The HLA-D region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been shown to be homologous to the murine I region in terms of both structure and function. Both regions encode class II MHC molecules which restrict T-lymphocyte interactions with antigen-presenting cells. We have recently described the MHC rest...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301716a0
更新日期:1983-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::The neural substrates that the fruitfly Drosophila uses to sense smell, taste and light share marked structural and functional similarities with ours, providing attractive models to dissect sensory stimulus processing. Here we focus on two of the remaining and less understood prime sensory modalities: graviception and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07810
更新日期:2009-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::The type I interferon (IFN) response protects cells from viral infection by inducing hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode direct antiviral effectors. Recent screening studies have begun to catalogue ISGs with antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses. However, antiviral ISG...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12862
更新日期:2014-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Several distinct cell lineages are established during mouse embryogenesis. The trophectoderm and primitive endoderm give rise to extraembryonic structures alone, while the primitive ectoderm becomes the fetus proper. Recent studies suggest that the levels of DNA modification are lower in inactive X chromosomes from ex...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/307284a0
更新日期:1984-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source1,2, FRB 121102, eliminated models involving cataclysmic events for this source. No other repeating FRB has hitherto been detected despite many recent discoveries and follow-ups3-5, suggesting that repeaters may be rare in the FRB population. Here we report the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0864-x
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preparation of synthetic molecules showing the remarkable efficiencies characteristic of natural biopolymer catalysts remains a formidable challenge for chemical biology. Although significant advances have been made in the understanding of protein structure and function, the de novo construction of such systems re...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/39556
更新日期:1997-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations seem to have been several times modern levels during much of the Palaeozoic era (543-248 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that of today. Given that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that surfa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06085
更新日期:2007-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::For plants, the sensing of light in the environment is as important as vision is for animals. Fluctuations in light can be crucial to competition and survival. One way plants sense light is through the phytochromes, a small family of diverse photochromic protein photoreceptors whose origins have been traced to the pho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35036500
更新日期:2000-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Only about 1% of human XO conceptuses survive to birth and these usually have the characteristics of Turner's syndrome, with a complex and variable phenotype including short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and anatomical defects. Both the embryonic lethality and Turner's syndrome are thought to be due to monosomy for a ge...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/351406a0
更新日期:1991-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system that is important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation. Although it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are responsible for the establishme...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12805
更新日期:2013-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::The main asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, but the region is not uniformly filled with asteroids. There are gaps, known as the Kirkwood gaps, in distinct locations that are associated with orbital resonances with the giant planets; asteroids placed in these locations will follow chaotic orbits...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07778
更新日期:2009-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::The cell adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM and Ng-CAM have been implicated in cell-cell interactions among developing neural cells. L1 and N-CAM are structurally and functionally distinct molecular entities and act synergistically in mediating Ca2+-independent adhesion between re-aggregating early postnatal cerebellar cell...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/316728a0
更新日期:1985-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions of CD4 with the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are crucial during thymic ontogeny and subsequently for helper and cytotoxic functions of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes. CD4 is the receptor for the T-lymphotropic human immunodeficiency virus and binds its envelope glycoprotein, gp120. The residues...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/339548a0
更新日期:1989-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian circadian clocks consist of complex integrated feedback loops that cannot be elucidated without comprehensive measurement of system dynamics and determination of network structures. To dissect such a complicated system, we took a systems-biological approach based on genomic, molecular and cell biological tec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00906
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities sufficient to immunise large populations. We report the preclinical development of two BNT162b vaccine candidates, which contain lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-derived imm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03275-y
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In infected cells, the RNA genomes of RNA tumour viruses are copied into DNA by a virus-encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme. This transfer of information from RNA into DNA was thought to be a unique feature of RNA tumour viruses, but recent results suggest it may be a more general strategy. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305827a0
更新日期:1983-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::A continuous array of overlapping clones covering the entire human chromosome 21q was constructed from human yeast artificial chromosome libraries using sequence-tagged sites as landmarks specifically detected by polymerase chain reaction. The yeast artificial chromosome contiguous unit starts with pericentromeric and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/359380a0
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many corals bleach as a result of increased seawater temperature, which causes them to lose their vital symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium spp.) - unless these symbioses are able to adapt to global warming, bleaching threatens coral reefs worldwide. Here I show that some corals have adapted to higher temperatures, at least...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/430742a
更新日期:2004-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::A psychotherapeutic regimen that uses alternating bilateral sensory stimulation (ABS) has been used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the neural basis that underlies the long-lasting effect of this treatment-described as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing-has not been identified. Here we des...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0931-y
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrating urine is mandatory for most mammals to prevent water loss from the body. Concentrated urine is produced in response to vasopressin by the transepithelial recovery of water from the lumen of the kidney collecting tubule through highly water-permeable membranes. In this nephron segment, vasopressin regulat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361549a0
更新日期:1993-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::A DNA probe from a human Y chromosome-derived cosmid detects a single-copy genomic DNA fragment which can appear in different allelic forms shared by both sex chromosomes. Variants at this DNA locus show an autosomal pattern of inheritance, undergo recombination with sexual phenotype and can therefore be described as ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317692a0
更新日期:1985-10-24 00:00:00