当前位置： SCI文献检索 > EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE期刊下所有文献 > Prevalence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in outpatients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Prevalence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in outpatients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Abstract：

INTRODUCTION:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), with conflicting prognostic data. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of AF in patients with HF and to determine the prognostic impact of baseline AF and the development of new onset AF. METHODS AND RESULTS:We included 1019 outpatients with HF due to LVSD; follow-up time ranged from 3 to 64 months. At baseline 26.4% of patients had AF. Of the 284 patients with a follow-up ECG and baseline SR, 18.7% developed new onset AF. Patients with AF were older (p<0.001), more often male (p=0.04), and more likely to have a history of stroke (p=0.03), but were less likely to have IHD (p<0.001). Baseline rhythm was independent of LVEF and NYHA-class. Baseline AF was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.38; CI 1.07-1.78, p=0.01) and all-cause mortality/hospitalisation (HR 1.43; CI 1.22-1.68, p<0.001). When adjusted for baseline covariates, baseline AF was independently associated with an increased risk of experiencing the combined endpoint (HR 1.29; CI 1.05-1.58; p=0.02), but did not predict all-cause mortality. By multivariable analyses, new-onset AF was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality/hospitalisation (HR 1.45; CI 1.05-2.00; p=0.02). CONCLUSION:In outpatients with HF due to LVSD, AF is a common co-morbidity, which adversely affects morbidity and mortality outcomes.

journal_name

Eur J Heart Fail

journal_title

European journal of heart failure

authors

Corell P,Gustafsson F,Schou M,Markenvard J,Nielsen T,Hildebrandt P

doi

10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.08.004

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-03-01 00:00:00

pages

258-65

issue

3

eissn

1388-9842

issn

1879-0844

pii

S1388-9842(06)00243-1

journal_volume

9

pub_type

杂志文章,多中心研究

相关文献

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE文献大全
  • A novel clinical score (InterTAK Diagnostic Score) to differentiate takotsubo syndrome from acute coronary syndrome: results from the International Takotsubo Registry.

    abstract：AIMS:Clinical presentation of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) mimics acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and does not allow differentiation. We aimed to develop a clinical score to estimate the probability of TTS and to distinguish TTS from ACS in the acute stage. METHODS AND RESULTS:Patients with TTS were recruited from the Inter...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.683

    authors： Ghadri JR,Cammann VL,Jurisic S,Seifert B,Napp LC,Diekmann J,Bataiosu DR,D'Ascenzo F,Ding KJ,Sarcon A,Kazemian E,Birri T,Ruschitzka F,Lüscher TF,Templin C,InterTAK co-investigators.

    更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • B-type natriuretic peptide trend predicts clinical significance of worsening renal function in acute heart failure.

    abstract：AIMS:In acute heart failure (AHF), relationships between changes in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and worsening renal function (WRF) and its prognostic implications have not been fully determined. We investigated the relationship between WRF and a decrease in BNP with in-hospital and 1-year mortality in AHF. METHOD...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.1627

    authors： Wettersten N,Horiuchi Y,van Veldhuisen DJ,Mueller C,Filippatos G,Nowak R,Hogan C,Kontos MC,Cannon CM,Müeller GA,Birkhahn R,Taub P,Vilke GM,Barnett O,McDonald K,Mahon N,Nuñez J,Briguori C,Passino C,Murray PT,Maisel

    更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

  • EURObservational Research Programme: a worldwide registry on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in conjunction with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on PPCM.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:The EURObservational Research Programme is a rolling programme of cardiovascular registries and surveys of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). These registries will provide information on the nature of cardiovascular disease and its management. This manuscript provides an update on new literature on pe...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.68

    authors： Sliwa K,Hilfiker-Kleiner D,Mebazaa A,Petrie MC,Maggioni AP,Regitz-Zagrosek V,Schaufelberger M,Tavazzi L,van Veldhuisen DJ,Roos-Hesslink JW,Shah AJ,Seferovic PM,Elkayam U,van Spaendonck-Zwarts K,Bachelier-Walenta K,Mouquet F

    更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Association between loop diuretic dose changes and outcomes in chronic heart failure: observations from the ESC-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry.

    abstract：AIMS:Guidelines recommend down-titration of loop diuretics (LD) once euvolaemia is achieved. In outpatients with heart failure (HF), we investigated LD dose changes in daily cardiology practice, agreement with guideline recommendations, predictors of successful LD down-titration and association between dose changes and...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.1796

    authors： Kapelios CJ,Laroche C,Crespo-Leiro MG,Anker SD,Coats AJS,Díaz-Molina B,Filippatos G,Lainscak M,Maggioni AP,McDonagh T,Mebazaa A,Metra M,Moura B,Mullens W,Piepoli MF,Rosano GMC,Ruschitzka F,Seferovic PM,Lund LH,Heart

    更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract：AIMS:Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are increasingly recognized in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The prevalence and prognostic value of RV dysfunction in HFpEF have been widely but variably reported. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analys...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.630

    authors： Gorter TM,Hoendermis ES,van Veldhuisen DJ,Voors AA,Lam CS,Geelhoed B,Willems TP,van Melle JP

    更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

  • Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor for mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients presenting with cardiogenic shock on admission.

    abstract：AIMS:Despite improvement in prognosis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, mortality remains high in STEMI patients presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an established independent predictor for adverse prognosis in STEMI patients without CS. The purpose of ou...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hfp204

    authors： Engström AE,Vis MM,Bouma BJ,van den Brink RB,Baan J Jr,Claessen BE,Kikkert WJ,Sjauw KD,Meuwissen M,Koch KT,de Winter RJ,Tijssen JG,Piek JJ,Henriques JP

    更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • The dynamic assessment of right-ventricular function and its relation to exercise capacity in heart failure.

    abstract：AIMS:To evaluate right-ventricular (RV) function during stress echocardiography (SE) and to assess its relationship with exercise capacity in heart failure (HF) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS:We included 88 patients aged 60.9 +/- 11.2 years with a mean LVEF of 27.2 +/- 9.5%. The following RV parameters were measured at...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hfp200

    authors： Rubis P,Podolec P,Kopec G,Olszowska M,Tracz W

    更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Correlation of flow mediated dilation with inflammatory markers in patients with impaired cardiac function. Beneficial effects of inhibition of ACE.

    abstract：:Impaired cardiac function is frequently accompanied by peripheral vascular dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory condition, which may be associated with elevated levels of angiotensin II. We hypothesized that the magnitude of flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery of post myocardial infarction patients wil...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.10.011

    authors： Kovacs I,Toth J,Tarjan J,Koller A

    更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

  • Negative inotropic effects of recombinant interleukin 2 in patients without left ventricular dysfunction.

    abstract：UNLABELLED:Experimental data have shown that rIL2 has negative inotropic properties. This has not been investigated in humans with normal left ventricular function. Seventeen consecutive renal cell carcinoma patients who received rIL2 therapy because of dissemination were analyzed before and after treatment with a low ...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00073-8

    authors： Tio RA,Nieken J,de Vries EG,Pfeiffer C,de Jongste MJ,Pieper E,Moshage H,Limburg PC,Mulder NH

    更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • Experience of commencing Carvedilol in elderly patients with heart failure in a routine outpatient clinic.

    abstract：:Carvedilol has been shown to be beneficial for patients with heart failure, but it is not clear how it should be initiated in routine clinical practice, particularly in the elderly. This study is a retrospective review of 19 patients of age 80+/-4 years with heart failure, who had Carvedilol treatment initiated in a r...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00092-1

    authors： Owen A

    更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiomyocyte-restricted over-expression of C-type natriuretic peptide prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction in mice.

    abstract：OBJECTIVE:Infused C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was recently found to play a cardioprotective role in preventing myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and improving cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiomyocyte-specific CNP over-expre...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.02.006

    authors： Wang Y,de Waard MC,Sterner-Kock A,Stepan H,Schultheiss HP,Duncker DJ,Walther T

    更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapeutic approaches for decompensated heart failure: a role for the calcium sensitiser, levosimendan?

    abstract：:Although no universal definition exists, decompensated heart failure may be regarded as either a worsening of chronic heart failure or new-onset heart failure precipitated by an acute incident. Haemodynamic management of patients hospitalised with decompensated heart failure may include the administration of diuretics...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(02)00118-6

    authors： Greenberg B,Borghi C,Perrone S

    更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanical stretch-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes is mediated by beta(1)-integrin-microtubule signaling pathways.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. These processes depend in part on force transmission mediated through integrins and the cytoskeleton. METHODS:Ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (NRVMs) were exposed to persistent centrifugal force st...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.05.014

    authors： Yutao X,Geru W,Xiaojun B,Tao G,Aiqun M

    更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of reducing inspired oxygen concentration for one hour in patients with chronic heart failure: implications for air travel.

    abstract：AIMS:The objective of this study was to establish the acute effects of hypoxia on clinical, spirometric, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic variables. Reducing inspired oxygen to 15%, as experienced during commercial air travel, decreases arterial oxygen saturation, increases respiratory rate and pulmonary artery pres...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hft003

    authors： Hobkirk JP,Damy T,Walters M,Bennett A,Smith SJ,Ingle L,Clark AL,Cleland JG

    更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:EMPEROR-Preserved is an ongoing trial evaluating the effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This report describes the baseline characteristics of the EMPEROR-Preserved cohort and compares it with patients enrolled in prior HFpEF trials. METHODS:EMPER...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.2064

    authors： Anker SD,Butler J,Filippatos G,Khan MS,Ferreira JP,Bocchi E,Böhm M,Rocca HPB,Choi DJ,Chopra V,Chuquiure E,Giannetti N,Gomez-Mesa JE,Janssens S,Januzzi JL,Gonzalez-Juanatey JR,Merkely B,Nicholls SJ,Perrone SV,Piña IL

    更新日期：2020-11-29 00:00:00

  • Telomere length and outcomes in ischaemic heart failure: data from the COntrolled ROsuvastatin multiNAtional Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA).

    abstract：AIMS:Leucocyte telomere length is considered a marker of biological ageing and has been suggested to be shorter in patients with CAD and heart failure compared with healthy controls. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomere length is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart fail...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.237

    authors： Haver VG,Mateo Leach I,Kjekshus J,Fox JC,Wedel H,Wikstrand J,de Boer RA,van Gilst WH,McMurray JJ,van Veldhuisen DJ,van der Harst P

    更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • Regional myocardial perfusion during chronic biventricular pacing and after acute change of the pacing mode in patients with congestive heart failure and bundle branch block treated with an atrioventricular sequential biventricular pacemaker.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Biventricular (BiV) pacing has been found to improve systolic function and exercise tolerance in patients with severe congestive heart failure and bundle branch block. The mechanisms behind this beneficial effect is still not sufficiently clarified. AIM:To evaluate the regional myocardial perfusion (MP) dur...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(02)00245-3

    authors： Nielsen JC,Bøttcher M,Jensen HK,Nielsen TT,Pedersen AK,Mortensen PT

    更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

  • Alveolar-capillary membrane conductance is the best pulmonary function correlate of exercise ventilation efficiency in heart failure patients.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:In heart failure (HF), changes in lung mechanics and gas diffusion are limiting factors to exercise. Their contribution to an increased exercise ventilation to CO2 production (VE/VCO2) slope is undefined. METHODS:A total of 67 stable HF patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function test...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.10.009

    authors： Guazzi M,Reina G,Tumminello G,Guazzi MD

    更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Crataegus preparations have been used for centuries especially in Europe. To date, no proper data on their efficacy and safety as an add-on-treatment are available. Therefore a large morbidity/mortality trial was performed. AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of an add-on treatment with Crataegus ext...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.10.004

    authors： Holubarsch CJ,Colucci WS,Meinertz T,Gaus W,Tendera M,Survival and Prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus Extract WS 1442 in CHF (SPICE) trial study group.

    更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Gender-specific differences in major cardiac events and mortality in lamin A/C mutation carriers.

    abstract：AIMS:Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause a variety of clinical phenotypes, including dilated cardiomyopathy. LMNA is one of the most prevalent mutated genes in dilated cardiomyopathy, and is associated with a high risk of arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure. There are few data on the impact of...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hfs191

    authors： van Rijsingen IA,Nannenberg EA,Arbustini E,Elliott PM,Mogensen J,Hermans-van Ast JF,van der Kooi AJ,van Tintelen JP,van den Berg MP,Grasso M,Serio A,Jenkins S,Rowland C,Richard P,Wilde AA,Perrot A,Pankuweit S,Zwinderman

    更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Angiopoietin-1 for myocardial angiogenesis: a comparison between delivery strategies.

    abstract：UNLABELLED:We compare the effectiveness of direct adenoviral angiopoietin-1 (Ad-Ang-1) injection with transplantation of skeletal myoblasts (SkMs) over-expressing angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) for angiogenic response and improvement of heart function in an experimental porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS:Ad-...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.10.022

    authors： Ye L,Haider HKh,Jiang S,Tan RS,Toh WC,Ge R,Sim EK

    更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Efficacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insufficiency: results of an observational cohort study.

    abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy of the homeopathic Crataegus preparation Cralonin for non-inferiority to standard treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency. METHODS:Multicentre non-randomised cohort study in patients aged 50-75 years in New York Heart Association class II. Patients received Cralonin (n=110) or ACE i...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(02)00237-4

    authors： Schröder D,Weiser M,Klein P

    更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

  • Insights into the importance of the electrocardiogram in patients with acute heart failure.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute heart failure (AHF) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a routine investigation in patients with AHF used to identify potential causes and/or complications. It is unclear whether 12-lead ECG charac...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.561

    authors： Gouda P,Brown P,Rowe BH,McAlister FA,Ezekowitz JA

    更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Patients supported for over 4 years with left ventricular assist devices.

    abstract：:Ventricular assist device implantation has become an established therapy in adults and children for bridging to heart transplantation or to aid myocardial recovery. Recently, implantation of left ventricular assist devices as definitive therapy has been recognized as a better option than pharmacological treatment in p...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.02.003

    authors： Potapov EV,Jurmann MJ,Drews T,Pasic M,Loebe M,Weng Y,Hetzer R

    更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Neurohumoral effects of the new orally active renin inhibitor, aliskiren, in chronic heart failure.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is therapeutically valuable in chronic heart failure (CHF). RAAS inhibition can be achieved in a number of ways though an orally active renin inhibitor (RI) has never been studied before. We describe the neurohumoral effects of an RI. METHODS AN...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.09.002

    authors： Seed A,Gardner R,McMurray J,Hillier C,Murdoch D,MacFadyen R,Bobillier A,Mann J,McDonagh T

    更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology Meeting 2010: SHIFT, PEARL-HF, STAR-heart, and HEBE-III.

    abstract：:This article provides information and a commentary on key trials relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of heart failure (HF) presented at the annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology held in Stockholm in 2010. Unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary, since analyses may ...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type：

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hfq186

    authors： Cleland JG,Coletta AP,Torabi A,Ahmed D,Clark AL

    更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

  • High prevalence of myocarditis in patients with hypertensive heart disease and cardiac deterioration.

    abstract：AIMS:Structural abnormalities causing cardiac deterioration in hypertensive heart disease (HHD) are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) myocardial changes in patients with HHD and cardiac failure. METHODS AND RESULTS:Among 1229 patients undergoing an LV or biventricular endomy...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/eurjhf/hfs169

    authors： Frustaci A,Francone M,Petrosillo N,Chimenti C

    更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in connexin 43, metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase during tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in dogs.

    abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study changes in connexin, metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase levels during tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). METHODS:Canine models of TIC were established by rapid right atrial pacing at 350-400 beats per min for 8 weeks in 11 dogs, six dogs acted as a sham operation grou...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.04.014

    authors： Zhong JQ,Zhang W,Gao H,Li Y,Zhong M,Li D,Zhang C,Zhang Y

    更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Which patients with heart failure should receive specialist palliative care?

    abstract：AIMS:We investigated which patients with heart failure (HF) should receive specialist palliative care (SPC) by first creating a definition of need for SPC in patients hospitalised with HF using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and then testing this definition using the outcome of days alive and out of hospital...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1002/ejhf.1240

    authors： Campbell RT,Petrie MC,Jackson CE,Jhund PS,Wright A,Gardner RS,Sonecki P,Pozzi A,McSkimming P,McConnachie A,Finlay F,Davidson P,Denvir MA,Johnson MJ,Hogg KJ,McMurray JJV

    更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • [123I]-phenylpentadecanoic acid uptake in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:The rate constant for global fatty acid influx (k(1)) was studied in 12 male patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHOD:10 normal subjects served as controls. 201-Thallium (201TI) and [123I]-phenyl-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) were administered during bicycle exercise under fasting conditions. RESULTS...

    journal_title：European journal of heart failure

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/s1388-9842(02)00024-7

    authors： Miche E,Radzewitz A,Notohamiprodjo G,Baller D,Kloppe A,Eckert S,Gleichmann U

    更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00