Abstract:
:Screening of newborns for permanent congenital or early-onset hearing impairment has emerged as an essential component of neonatal care in developed countries, following favourable outcomes from early intervention in the critical period for optimal speech and language development. Progress towards a similar programme in developing countries, where most of the world's children with hearing impairment reside, may be impeded by reservations about the available level of support services and the possible effect of the prevailing healthcare challenges. Ethical justification for the systematic introduction of screening programmes for hearing in newborns based on the limitations in current primary prevention strategies, lack of credible alternative early-detection strategies and the incentives for capacity-building for the requisite support services is examined.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Olusanya BO,Luxon LM,Wirz SLdoi
10.1136/jme.2005.014720subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-10-01 00:00:00pages
588-91issue
10eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
32/10/588journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In this paper, I explore under what circumstances it might be morally acceptable to transplant organs from a patient lacking capacity. I argue, with a developed hypothetical based around a mother and son, that (1) 'Best interests' should be interpreted broadly to include the interests that people have previously expre...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103045
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current UK legislation is impacting upon the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of medical record-based research aimed at benefiting the NHS and the public heath. Whereas previous commentators have focused on the Data Protection Act 1998, the Health and Social Care Act 2001 is the key legislation for public health res...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019661
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To many in India and elsewhere, the life and thoughts of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi are a source of inspiration. The idea of non-violence was pivotal in his thinking. In this context, Gandhi reflected upon the possibility of what is now called 'euthanasia' and 'assisted suicide'. So far, his views on these practices h...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100268
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article is to investigate the need for ethics support in Dutch healthcare institutions in order to understand why ethics support is often not used in practice and which factors are relevant in this context. METHODS:This study had a mixed methods design integrating quantitative and qualita...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.040626
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay is the text of the first Ian Ramsey Memorial Lecture delivered by the author at Oxford University in December 1986. Ramsey, Bishop of Durham from 1966 until his death in 1972, was a philosopher whose interests were contemporary ethical issues created by the interaction of law, medicine, and religion. Duns...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.13.4.189
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A negative image of community care prevails. This method of care is perceived to be a relatively novel phenomenon and has received mixed media coverage. The negative image of community care has led to the growing belief that this care method has failed. This failure has largely been ascribed to the lack of powers avai...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.5.336
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the two-tragedies argument proponents of pro-life can justifiably prioritize efforts to prevent abortion rather than miscarriages due to the fact that abortions in contrast to miscarriages involves usually the act of killing. William Simkulet has recently argued against this argument claiming that it fail...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105489
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the attitudes of both medical and non-medical students towards the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decision in a university in Hong Kong, and the factors affecting their attitudes. METHODS:A questionnaire-based survey conducted in the campus of a university in Hong Kong. Preferences and priorities of part...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014423
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present and future rapid increase in the hospital population of geriatric patients is discussed with particular reference to the problem of advanced brain degeneration. The consequences of various clinical management options are outlined and it is suggested that extreme attempts either to preserve or terminate lif...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.8.4.173
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albertsen, in his recent article, offers an assessment of the recently introduced opt-out system for organ donation in Wales. However, he focuses on whether concerns raised prior to the enactment of the new system have been realised, rather than any positive impact on the number of actual donors. This side-lining of t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-104935
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moral evaluation of risk/benefit in early phase studies requires assessing the clinical promise of a candidate intervention using preclinical evidence. Yet, there is little to guide ethics committees, investigators, sponsors or other stakeholders morally charged with making these assessments ('evaluators'). In what fo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102882
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the law around surgical consent continues to evolve, surgeons and those in training risk being caught red-faced and defenceless. Despite repeated concerns regarding surgical consent being raised by the General Medical Council of the UK, how much is changing on the National Health Service shop floor? This report inv...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101931
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I explore the ethics of subject selection in the context of biomedical research. I reject a key principle of what I shall refer to as the standard view According to this principle, investigators should select participants so as to minimise aggregate risk to participants and maximise aggregate benefits t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103311
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few decades, "Big Tobacco" has spread its tentacles across the developing world with devastating results. The global incidence of smoking has increased exponentially in Africa, Asia and South America and it is leading to an equally rapid increase in the incidence of smoking-induced morbidity and mortalit...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.027847
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five arguments are presented in favour of the proposal that people who opt in as organ donors should receive a tax break. These arguments appeal to welfare, autonomy, fairness, distributive justice and self-ownership, respectively. Eight worries about the proposal are considered in this paper. These objections focus u...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100163
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Literary accounts of traumatic events can be more informative and insightful than personal testimonials. In particular, reference to works of literature can give us a more vivid sense of what it is like to receive a devastating diagnosis. In turn this can lead us to question some common assumptions about the nature of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.2.123
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The President's Council on Bioethics in 2008 reaffirmed the necessity of the dead donor rule and the legitimacy of the current criteria for diagnosing both neurological and cardiac death. In spite of this report,many have continued to express concerns about the ethics of donation after circulatory death, the ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101333
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new regulations on xenotransplantation pay insufficient attention to the broad ethical (and legal) problems raised by this technique and that the abandonment of a national body with overall regulatory authority in this area is a mistake. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.020768
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perimortem gamete retrieval has been a possibility for several decades. It involves the surgical extraction of gametes which can then be cryo-preserved and stored for future use. Usually, the request for perimortem gamete retrieval is made by the patient's partner after the patient himself, or herself, has lost the ca...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101727
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the attitudes of health care staff in four postcommunist countries towards taking gifts from their clients--and their confessed experience of actually taking such gifts. DESIGN:Survey questionnaire administered to officials including health care staff, supplemented by focus-group discussions with t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.305
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Research in intensive care is necessary for the continuing advancement of patient care. In research, informed consent is considered essential for patient protection. In intensive care, the modalities of informed consent are currently being debated by both lawyers and the medical community. The preferences ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.028068
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::"No one has advanced a just and logical reason why reward for service to the public should be extended to the inventor of a mechanical toy and denied to the genius whose patience, foresight, and effort have given a valuable new [discovery] to mankind" (Katopis CJ. Patents v patents: policy implications of recent paten...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.000786
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technological advances in genetic testing have enabled prospective parents to learn about their risk of passing a genetic condition to their future children. One option for those who want to ensure that their biological children do not inherit a genetic condition is to create embryos through in vitro fertilisation (IV...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105879
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Arguments are advanced, on a pragmatic basis, for preferring a 'situational' approach to medical ethical problems, rather than an approach based on any one of the dogmatic formulations on offer. The consequences of such a preference are exemplified in relation to confidentiality; and in relation to the ethical dilemma...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.10.4.179
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is not about the medical condition of AIDS. Nor is it about the history of the condition since it was first reported in Atlanta, Georgia in 1981. It looks rather, at the catalogue of legislative and other legal responses to the spread of AIDS. The paper analyses the AIDS condition in its historical context....
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.4.187
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revised Declaration of Helsinki allows placebo-controlled trials to be used even when there is an established therapy, provided there are adequate 'methodological' reasons for doing so. This seems to violate the principle of beneficence: where there is an established therapy, physicians treating patients with a pl...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103970
更新日期:2017-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the views of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and professionals in relation to confidentiality, consent and access to data within a proposed MS register in the UK. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups (10) and interviews (13). SETTING:England and Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:68 peo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025304
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses what level of consent is needed from a child or parent before a primary-school medical can take place (i.e. where children are aged under 12). It also considers whether there are occasions when a doctor can see a child if the parents have failed to give consent or have explicitly refused consent...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.6.469
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops themes addressed in an article by Eric Wiland in the Journal of Medical Ethics 2000;26:466-8, where he aims to contribute to the debate concerning the moral status of abortion, and to emphasise the importance of analogies in moral argument. In the present paper I try to secure more firmly a novel u...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.4.244
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their controversial paper 'After-birth abortion', Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva argue that there is no rational basis for allowing abortion but prohibiting infanticide ('after-birth abortion'). We ought in all consistency either to allow both or prohibit both. This paper rejects their claim, arguing that ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100629
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00