Abstract:
:Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is over-expressed in 15% to 30% of breast cancers and is a poor prognostic marker in node-positive patients. HER-2 expression is an indicator of greater sensitivity to anthracycline-based chemotherapy and is the major criterion for selection for treatment with the anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are the 2 most commonly used methods for detection of the gene and protein, respectively. Criticisms have been levied at the IHC method of identifying HER-2 overexpression but convenience and costs of this technique cannot be overlooked. Modifications to the IHC technique and scoring accommodate for many of the problems that derive from variables in preanalytical and analytic factors that influence results but standardization is currently impossible to attain. Deficiencies in fluorescence in situ hybridization assay also exist and alternative molecular methods of assay are explored in this review.
journal_name
Adv Anat Patholjournal_title
Advances in anatomic pathologyauthors
Leong TY,Leong ASdoi
10.1097/01.pap.0000213043.16200.92subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
263-9issue
5eissn
1072-4109issn
1533-4031pii
00125480-200609000-00006journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Inflammatory skin diseases encompass a vast array of conditions. The field continues to expand and evolve with resurgence of conditions, through newly recognized medication adverse effects, and via more detailed descriptions of known dermatoses. The importance of clinicopathologic correlation and an up to date knowled...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000210
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of arthropods, protozoa, and helminths infect the skin and subcutaneous tissues and may be identified by anatomic pathologists in standard cytology and histology preparations. The specific organisms seen vary greatly with the patient's exposure history, including travel to or residence in endemic countries. ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000183
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in immunohistochemistry have made it possible to investigate lymphomas for the expression of a wide range of antigens in fixed tissues. Epitope retrieval, sensitive detection methods, and the availability of new monoclonal antibodies have all contributed to one's ability to perform detailed immunopheno...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00125480-200107000-00003
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnosis of minimal prostatic adenocarcinoma can be challenging on prostate needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry may be used to support the diagnosis of cancer. The International Society of Urologic Pathology currently recommends the use of the basal cell markers high-molecular-weight cytokeraratin and p63, an...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000136
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx is broad and includes lesions of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal origin. These lesions have overlapping clinical and pathologic aspects and must be carefully considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal neoplasms. The prognosis ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000147
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has arisen as a novel ancillary test for the pathological diagnosis of melanoma. It is an outgrowth of studies using comparative genomic hybridization, a technique capable of surveying the entire genome for DNA copy number changes. An original report published in 2009 showed h...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182169b69
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign cartilaginous tumors of bones, intrinsic to their name, are tumors forming cartilaginous matrix with a clinically benign behavior. In this group, we recognize osteochondromas, (en)chondromas, chondroblastomas, and chondromyxoid fibromas. This group includes common tumors, that is, osteochondroma and (en)chondro...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181b506a1
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad term that includes liver diseases characterized by abnormal hepatocellular accumulations of lipid that cannot be related to alcohol abuse. It may be found in both adults and children, particularly those who are obese or have insulin resistance. Steatohepatitis is a ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e318220f59b
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory osteolysis is a relatively frequent and incapacitating complication of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, and is induced by accelerated osteoclast recruitment and activation in bone under the aegis of cytokines produced in the inflammatory environment. The success of antitumor necrosis ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31802ef4f2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a systemic, progressive, and fatal condition affecting almost exclusively women in their reproductive years. LAM most often occurs as a sporadic disease, but also occurs in women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (syndromic LAM). There are no pathologic differences between sporadi...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181f896dc
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate gland consist of cribriform and rarely solid proliferation of prostate glands populated with cytologically atypical cells with partial or complete basal cell lining. It may represent cribriform "high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia" (HGPIN) or "intraductal carcinom...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31825c6c0e
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephropathology is a specialized field requiring routine tissue evaluation by immunofluorescence (IF), electron microscopy (EM), and light microscopy, and has published standards of best practice. Actual practices are less well documented. We therefore evaluated actual practices in nephropathology and their divergence...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31803250d8
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the past 6 years have shown that the presence of any amount of cribriform (or more comprehensively, large acinar cribriform to papillary) pattern of invasive prostate cancer is associated with adverse pathologic features and leads to uniquely adverse outcomes. Sixteen papers and numerous abstracts have reach...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000168
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paratesticular mesotheliomas are rare tumors with 223 cases described so far. The sole plausible causative factor so far ascertained in the pathogenesis of these tumors is asbestos, which however is found in only around 30% to 40% of such cases. The age range of affected individuals is wide, mostly adults and the elde...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181c66fbc
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dysproteinemia is a clinical state characterized by abnormal, often excessive, synthesis of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules or subunits. Dysproteinemia results from clonal proliferation of plasma cells or B lymphocytes. The abnormal circulating Ig molecules or subunits (most commonly free light chains) reach the glomeru...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00125480-200401000-00005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common sources of ionizing radiation exposure to the thyroid gland in humans are accidental environmental exposure and medical, therapeutic, or diagnostic irradiation. Radiation often induces notable histologic changes in the thyroid tissue and is a well-established risk factor for benign and malignant thyroid tum...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00125480-199903000-00002
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an intermediate-grade malignancy of follicular dendritic cells, which are derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Nodal FDCS is well-recognized. However, when it occurs at an extranodal site, it may not be recognized and is often misdiagnosed. These tumors exhibit a variable sp...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000281
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal (GI) tract tumors with melanocytic differentiation may present significant diagnostic challenges both for the pathologist and the clinician. This comprehensive review discusses the relatively common as well as rare entities that have melanocytic differentiation in the GI tract. Clinical, histologic, i...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182a92e42
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript presents a review of infectious causes of gastritis aimed at the practicing anatomic pathologist. We shall highlight unique histologic findings and clinical attributes that will assist those analyzing endoscopically obtained mucosal biopsies of the stomach or resection specimens. ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000187
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative consultation remains an invaluable tool in the initial evaluation of surgically excised specimens. Good communication is required between the pathologist and surgeon to obtain the best care for their mutual patient. Intraoperative consultation (frozen section, FS) provides a preliminary diagnosis for th...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182169934
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gliomas are a large and diverse group of primary brain tumors that include those that are diffusely infiltrative and others that are well-circumscribed and low grade. Diffuse gliomas are currently classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, or oligoastrocytomas and range in grade f...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000048
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid microcarcinoma, defined as a thyroid tumor measuring 1 cm or less, is an extremely indolent tumor. Papillary microcarcinoma, the most common subtype, is often identified incidentally in a thyroid removed for benign clinical nodules or diffuse processes (eg, thyroiditis). In this clinical situation, over 99% ar...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.pap.0000213006.10362.17
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and related tumors [ie, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC)] are rare types of highly aggressive renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with poor prognosis. Because of the rarity and diagnostic uncertainty of them, their molecular pathology and significance have not yet been fully elucidated. CDC, RMC...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000138
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocular adnexal lymphomas comprise 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and about 8% of extranodal lymphomas. They are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, the majority of which are primary extranodal lymphoma with most (up to 80%) of the marginal zone of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma). This ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181e4abdb
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has distinct morphologic features and can be identified in the majority of cases by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. However, distinguishing a well-differentiated HCC from normal or regenerative tissue may be very difficult in some ca...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.pap.0000131822.31576.9d
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of a 14-year-old female with primary adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon. She was hospitalized after presenting with abdominal pain and signs of intestinal obstruction. There was no health antecedent or family history of neoplasia. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen. Tenderness was e...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000068
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis in dire need of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of data on the genetic alterations that occur in pancreatic cancer, as comprehensive next-generation sequencing analyses have been performed on samp...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000172
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the endometrial biopsy is a challenge to practicing pathologists, largely due to the wide range of morphologic patterns resulting from both normal and abnormal cyclic changes, exogenous hormones, infections, and intrauterine tumors. Successfully addressing these challenges requires that the practitioner ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00125480-200311000-00001
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue microarrays (TMAs) provide unique resources for rapid evaluation and validation of tissue biomarkers. The Canary Foundation Retrospective Prostate Tissue Microarray Resource used a rigorous statistical design, quota sampling, a variation of the case-cohort study, to select patients for inclusion in a multicente...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e31827b665b
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the natural history of breast cancer has evolved alongside technologies to study its genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics landscapes. These technologies have helped decipher multiple molecular pathways dysregulated in breast cancer. First-generation 'omics analyses considered each ...
journal_title:Advances in anatomic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000128
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00