Abstract:
:The rate of substance-use disorders in patients with mental illnesses within the psychotic spectrum, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder, is higher than the rate observed in the general population and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although there are currently 3 medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcohol dependence, no medications have been approved for the specific treatment of dually diagnosed patients. A small but growing body of literature supports the use of 2 of these medications, disulfiram and naltrexone, in dually diagnosed individuals. This article outlines a review of the literature about the use of disulfiram and naltrexone for alcoholism and in patients with comorbid mental illness. In addition, results are presented of a 12-week randomized clinical trial of disulfiram and naltrexone alone and in combination for individuals with Axis I disorders and alcohol dependence who were also receiving intensive psychosocial treatment. Individuals with a psychotic spectrum disorder, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder, had worse alcohol outcomes than those without a psychotic spectrum disorder. Individuals with a psychotic spectrum disorder had better alcohol-use outcomes on an active medication compared with placebo, but there was no clear advantage of disulfiram or naltrexone or of the combination. Retention rates and medication compliance in the study were high and exceeded 80%. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of each medication. Future directions of pharmacotherapeutic options are also discussed.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Petrakis IL,Nich C,Ralevski Edoi
10.1093/schbul/sbl010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-10-01 00:00:00pages
644-54issue
4eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701pii
sbl010journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Medical geology is the application of trace element geography to epidemiology. This approach is used to compare the geographic distribution of selenium and other trace elements in soil and food with that of high schizophrenia rates in the United States and other countries. Since the comparison is most statistically si...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.387
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between low birth weight and schizophrenia has been suggested by many studies. Small for gestational age (SGA) is a measure used as a proxy for intrauterine growth restriction. We aim to examine if children who are born SGA are at increased risk of developing schizophrenia and whether an association ma...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs148
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual illusions allow for strong tests of perceptual functioning. Perceptual impairments can produce superior task performance on certain tasks (i.e., more veridical perception), thereby avoiding generalized deficit confounds while tapping mechanisms that are largely outside of conscious control. Using a task based o...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr055
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::On September 18, 2007, a collaborative session between the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology and the International Society for CNS Drug Development was held in Brussels, Belgium. Both groups, with membership from industry, academia, and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, have been f...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn110
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Chernobyl accident survivors by analyzing Chernobyl exclusion zone (EZ) archives (1986-1997) and by conducting a psychophysiological examination of 100 patients with acute radiation sickness (ARS) and 100 workers of the Chernobyl EZ who had worked as "liquidators-voluntee...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033492
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects about 1.1% of the adult US population annually. Hallucinations, delusions, and impaired reality testing are prominent symptoms of the disorder. Modeling these symptoms is difficult because it is unclear how to assess impaired reality testing in animals. Animals ca...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp050
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 20 years, there has been a relatively quiet but persistent effort to investigate anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia. This effort has involved post-mortem histopathology using novel preparation procedures, pneumoencephalography, and computed tomography. The bulk of this research is critically revi...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/9.2.193
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia smoke cannabis, and it is unclear why a large proportion do so and if the effects are harmful or beneficial. It is also unclear what the best method is to allow people with schizophrenia to alter their cannabis intake. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of specific psychological...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu168
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to evaluate the latent structure of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) diagnostic criteria. The sample consisted of 564 consecutively admitted inpatients and outpatients. Exploratory latent class analysis identified a four-class model as the best fitting model for DSM-IV SPD criteri...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006860
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe an easily administered scale being developed to assess the rejecting feelings of family respondents toward former mental patients who return to live with their families. Based upon a sample of 133 discharged mental patients and family members, the scale demonstrates a moderately high reliability (...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/5.2.220
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature on schizophrenia has reported a trend toward higher concordance rates for females in both monozygotic and dizygotic same-sexed twins. The validity of this finding is open to question. Rosenthal (1961 and 1962) pointed out that females are more likely than males to become inhabitants of chronic wards. Mo...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/4.1.14
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question of whether schizophrenia is associated with structural or functional abnormalities of the nervous system, or both, has become the principal focus of biological studies of schizophrenia. Computed tomography studies have revealed ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy in a subgroup of schizophrenic pa...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/13.1.77
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The search for a treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) has focused largely on cholinergic and GABAergic agents that are believed to attenuate striatal imbalances and bring about symptomatic control of dyskinetic movements. While numerous reports of the partial effectiveness of acute treatment with cholinergic or GABAer...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/7.4.571
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The schizophrenia research community has shared a belief that the incidence of schizophrenia shows little variation. This belief is related to the dogma that schizophrenia affects all individuals equally, regardless of sex, race, or nationality. However, there is now robust evidence that the incidence of schizophrenia...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi052
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does the McFarlane et al study provide a model for practical trials? Unfortunately, not. The methodological problems are here reviewed and used as a springboard to set out methodological criteria that might define such a model. ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu139
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the variety of "organic" or "toxic" conditions that may produce, precipitate, or exacerbate psychotic disorders, it is important to attempt to clarify existing nosologies and to highlight the need for research strategies that may help to validate relevant distinctions. This review provides a brief discussion of ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/17.1.69
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia elevates the risk for aggressive behavior and violent crime, and different approaches have been used to manage this problem. The results of such treatments vary. One reason for this variation is that aggressive behavior in schizophrenia is heterogeneous in origin. This heterogeneity has usually not been ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr041
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies provide considerable evidence that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share overlapping etiologic determinants. Identifying disease-related genetic effects is a major focus in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder research, with implications for clarifying diagnosis and developing specific treatments f...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn055
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::One neuropathological feature of schizophrenia is a diminished number of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) system is involved in the plasticity of dendritic spines, and chronic stress decreases dendritic spine densities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Here, we...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby029
更新日期:2019-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Negative and positive symptoms were investigated in a sample of 72 young schizophrenic and depressed patients at followup approximately 1 1/2 years after hospital discharge. Flat affect, poverty of speech, and psychomotor retardation were included as negative symptoms, and delusions, hallucinations, and florid thought...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/10.3.371
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary sources continue to cite a one-page preliminary note about the Michigan State Psychotherapy Project, ignoring fuller reports in print. Relevant experience and training are critical to quality control of psychotherapy in schizophrenia research. This investigation is unique in that "experienced" meant that the...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/4.4.480
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) includes neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, verbal learning, and problem solving. These deficits have been shown to be linked to impairment in functional status (eg, social behavior, work performance, and activities of daily living) among...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl004
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested hypothesized relationships between neuropsychological and psychophysiological variables and concurrent levels of clinical and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 40 subjects diagnosed with a chronic schizophrenia spectrum disorder and living in community-based settings....
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/23.1.19
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1994 Link and Stueve identified a number of symptoms--called threat/control-override (TCO) symptoms--that were significantly more than others related to violence. This was confirmed by some, but not all, following studies. The contradictory results could be due to remarkable differences in sample compositions, sour...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007066
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adolescence can be a challenging time, characterized by self-consciousness, heightened regard for peer acceptance, and fear of rejection. Interpersonal concerns are amplified by unpredictable social interactions, both online and offline. This developmental and social context is potentially conducive to the e...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby180
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::A number of recent articles, many appearing in Schizophrenia Bulletin, signal a renewed interest in phenomenological approaches to our understanding of schizophrenia. These approaches conceptualize schizophrenia as a disorder of altered self-awareness and decreased prereflective social attunement, which may manifest a...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv035
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Impaired cognition is an important dimension in psychosis and its at-risk states. Research on the value of impaired cognition for psychosis prediction in at-risk samples, however, mainly relies on study-specific sample means of neurocognitive tests, which unlike widely available general test norms are difficu...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu025
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Auditory hallucinations are a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia. The neural basis of auditory hallucinations was examined using data from a working memory task. Data were acquired within a multisite consortium and this unique dataset provided the opportunity to analyze data from a large number of subjects ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn142
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hallucinations in children and adolescents are now known to occur on a continuum from healthy to psychopathology-related phenomena. Although hallucinations in young populations are mostly transient, they can cause substantial distress. Despite hallucinations being widely investigated, research so far has had limited i...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby119
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Embodied emotions arise from interoceptive and somatosensory processes, and are essential to the development of a stable sense of self. Emotional embodiment is therefore inherently interwoven with our sense of bodily self-awareness, and allows us to navigate complex social situations. Given that the core feat...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby179
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00