Abstract:
AIMS:To examine the psychosocial correlates of substance use among adolescents in six European countries. DESIGN:Cross-sectional school population survey (ESPAD) based on standardized methodological procedures. SETTING:High schools in six European countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Slovenia and UK. PARTICIPANTS:Representative samples of a total sample of 16,445 high school students whose 16th birthday fell in the year of data collection. MEASUREMENTS:Anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Self-reported substance use was measured by core items on tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and any illegal drug use. Psychosocial correlates included scales of self-esteem, depression, anomie and antisocial behavior, and items pertaining to family, school and peers. FINDINGS:Logistic regression analyses for each potential correlate adjusted for country, taking into account the clustered sample, showed statistically significant associations with each substance use variable separately, in almost every case. Particularly strong associations were found between smoking and going out most evenings and having many friends who smoke, while cannabis and illegal drugs were strongly correlated with having friends or older siblings who used these substances. The self-esteem scale score was not correlated with substance use. Anomie and antisocial behavior were more strongly associated than depression with substance use. In the case of depression, anomie and most of the other items examined, associations were stronger for girls than for boys. CONCLUSION:The present cross-national study identified correlates of legal and illegal substance use which extend outside specific countries, providing grounds to believe that they can be generalized. They provide evidence for the need to address both the use of the gateway drugs and deviant behavior in conjunction with environmental risk factors when designing and implementing preventive interventions in schools.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Kokkevi A,Richardson C,Florescu S,Kuzman M,Stergar Edoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-05 00:00:00pages
67-74issue
1eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(06)00202-Xjournal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Impulsivity, which has been the subject of extensive debate in psychiatric research, is a clinically important concept, especially with respect to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The current study aims to examine the presence of two aspects of impulsivity (self-report...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, incarcerated individuals are at increased risk of opioid overdose. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an effective way to address opioid use disorder and prevent overdose; however, few jails and prisons in the United States initiate or continue people who are incarcerated on MMT. In the current study, ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.023
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our objective was to examine the cost of long-term residential (LTR) and outpatient drug-free (ODF) treatments for cocaine-dependent patients participating in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS), calculate the tangible cost of crime to society, and determine treatment benefits. Subjects were 502 cocaine-d...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00083-6
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a considerable increase in the number of intravenous amphetamine misusers during the last decade, and the development of effective treatment strategies for this high-risk group has become critical. The use of substitute prescribing is one option, but reservations have been expressed as to its demonstrat...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00052-0
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preclinical and clinical research suggest that the α1 receptor antagonist prazosin reduces alcohol consumption. Furthermore, clinical studies indicate a role for prazosin in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and a recent trial suggested that pre-treatment blood pressure (BP) predicts th...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.016
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We explore the factor structure of DSM-5 cannabis use disorders, examine its prevalence across European- and African-American respondents as well as its genetic underpinnings, utilizing data from a genome-wide study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also estimate the heritability of DSM-5 cannabi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.008
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statistical analysis of the MAST scores obtained by its administration to industrial workers, hospitalized alcoholics and persons arrested driving while intoxicated has been performed. The author discusses the modalities and possibilities of improving the test reliability which will increase its efficiency in the sc...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(89)90064-1
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To examine how buprenorphine is currently being used across Italy, and to identify simultaneously best practice protocols to guide physicians in optimising the safety and efficacy of this treatment option. DESIGN:Retrospective, observational, multi-centre study. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 979 opioid-dependent patien...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.017
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports recent findings from a program of experimental research examining the effects of adapting judicial supervision to the risk level of drug-abusing offenders. Prior studies revealed that high-risk participants with (1) antisocial personality disorder or (2) a history of drug abuse treatment performed...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.10.001
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working memory (WM) is a major cognitive function that is altered by chronic alcohol consumption. This impairment has been linked to alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Animal and human studies have shown that the adolescent brain is more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol than the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.020
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stressful life events (SLEs) play a key role in suicidal behavior among adults with alcohol use disorders (AUD), yet there are meager data on the severity of SLEs preceding suicidal behavior or the timing of such events. METHOD:Patients in residential substance use treatment who made a recent suicide attemp...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.013
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid receptors are critical therapeutic targets for medications development relevant to the treatment of drug dependence and pain. With recent advances in molecular neurobiology, it has become evident that the functional activity of opioid receptors, as ligand-regulated protein complexes, is modulated by multifariou...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The frequency with which adolescents are offered marijuana has been investigated as a predictor of marijuana use. The current study was designed to test whether the number of marijuana offers received provides an indirect path between parental knowledge and adolescents' marijuana use. METHODS:Data from the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.035
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabinoid CB1 antagonists decrease self-administration of palatable food and several abused drugs in animals and modulate extinction of conditioned fear responses. Less is known, however, about whether and how CB1 antagonists might modulate the extinction of appetitive behavior. Therefore, this study examined the ef...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.002
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage used for magico-religious purposes in the Amazon. Recently, Brazilian syncretic churches have helped spread the ritual use of ayahuasca abroad. This trend has raised concerns that regular use of this N,N-dimethyltryptamine-containing tea may lead to the medical and psychosocial pro...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.024
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess treatment consumption and re-enrollment in treatment in patients with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-dependence in Dutch Addiction Treatment Centers (ATCs) in comparison with other addictions. METHODS:A cohort-study using nationwide administrative data from regular Dut...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.026
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated the reliability of proxy reports obtained from family members with self-reports on adolescent and parental lifetime and current smoking status. METHODS:Data were assessed from 416 families, consisting of both biological parents and two adolescent siblings aged 13-17 years. The...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.026
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has shown that an early onset of drinking is associated with a range of problematic drinking outcomes in adulthood. However, earlier drinking is also linked to additional characteristics that themselves predict alcohol problems including male gender, a family history (FH) of alcoholism, age, race, pa...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.10.015
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in some individuals contains a fraction that is not inhibited by pyrazole. This might be due to the presence in those sera of pi-ADH, a unique isoenzyme found recently in human liver, and which, according to one hypothesis, could be co-responsible for the development of alcoh...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90457-3
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been linked with greater externalizing behavior, no studies have investigated heterogeneity of developmental trajectories in children with PCE to date. The present study aimed to: (1) identify developmental trajectories of externalizing problems in childhood by us...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.007
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is increasing concern about tampering of pharmaceutical opioids. We describe early findings from an Australian study examining the potential impact of the April 2014 introduction of an abuse-deterrent sustained-release oxycodone formulation (Reformulated OxyContin(®)). METHODS:Data on pharmaceutical o...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.038
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main question addressed by this paper is whether DSM-IV substance dependence diagnoses obtained from two different instruments (the semi-structured WHO Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, SCAN and the highly structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview--Substance Abuse Module, SAM)...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(96)01249-5
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Legal difficulties and cocaine use are prevalent in methadone maintenance patients, and they are related to one another, as well as to poor response to methadone treatment. Contingency management (CM) is efficacious for decreasing cocaine use, but the relation of CM treatment to criminal activities has rarel...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fishbein and Ajzen's methodology can predict behaviour on the basis of questionnaire measures of attitudes toward the specific act and the subjective norms with respect to that behaviour which the individual experiences. In the present study this methodology was used to differentiate between the non-users, experimente...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(83)90081-9
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buprenorphine's clinical utility as an opioid dependence pharmacotherapy may be enhanced with less-than-daily dosing. This study assessed opioid withdrawal after an acute 72 h dose omission in buprenorphine-maintained patients (8 mg/day s.l.). Eight outpatients required to remain free of opioids, cocaine and benzodiaz...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)01347-1
更新日期:1997-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The problematic use of prescription drugs (PDs) and related disorders are considerably prevalent but evidence concerning brief intervention for problematic PD users is sparse. A previous analysis of the present study on the effectiveness of brief intervention for problematic PD use in a general hospital reve...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.010
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines patterns of self-reported alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use amongst a representative sample of 600 qualified nurses in the Lothian Region of Scotland. General levels of alcohol use were not exceptional. Even so, levels of tobacco smoking and the use of illicit drugs were higher than for the gen...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90076-b
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study examined whether young adult marijuana use increases risk of subsequent large cigar (LC) and little cigar/cigarillo (LCC) use among naïve users. METHODS:Data were from 8 waves of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort, a national sample of US young adults aged 18-34 assessed every 6 months. Disc...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.020
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the guidance of experts, 120 secondary school students from three wine-producing and three other areas of France discussed their experience with alcohol; assessed the value of materials used in primary prevention programmes; produced themselves such materials and evaluated the impact of the different approaches....
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(90)90164-a
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Substance use disorder (SUD) during pregnancy requires efficacious interventions based on understanding the ebb and flow of risk and protective factors for substance use across time. To assess how these fluctuations are associated temporally with substance use, we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.019
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00