Abstract:
:Apart from the degree of stenosis, plaque morphology has emerged in recent years as an important contributory factor in stroke risk. Ultrasound studies have shown that hypo- or anechogenic plaques carry a higher risk of cerebrovascular events than echogenic ones. Similarly, heterogeneous plaques presenting a complex pattern of echogenicity in ultrasound have also been more frequently associated with the occurrence of neurological symptoms than homogeneous lesions. Further, most studies determining the surface characteristics in ultrasound have found that ulceration also predicted increased risk of subsequent stroke. These studies are, however, based on visual evaluation using different classification systems and presenting a high variability of intra- and interobserver agreement. A quantitative method using a computerised image analysis of the plaque based on a grey-scale median (GSM) value has recently been developed which allows a more objective and reproducible evaluation of plaque echogenicity. Several studies have also shown that low GSM values are associated with an increased stroke incidence. A stratified GSM analysis determining the GSM in each one millimeter-thick stratum of the plaque may represent an additional method of determining different components of unstable plaques, such as thinning of the fibrous cap and the position of the necrotic core near the surface. This article reviews the ultrasonic morphology of the carotid plaque, its clinical prognostic value and correlations with histopathological studies. Recent ultrasound developments in the assessment of plaque echogenicity are also discussed.
journal_name
Swiss Med Wklyjournal_title
Swiss medical weeklyauthors
Sztajzel Rdoi
2005/43/smw-11038keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-29 00:00:00pages
635-43issue
43-44eissn
1424-7860issn
1424-3997pii
smw-11038journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Reactive hypoglycaemia is a rare disease which occurs postprandially in everyday life involving blood glucose levels below 2.5 to 2.8 mmol/l. We report on a 66-year-old patient who developed symptomatic reactive hypoglycaemia due to late dumping syndrome 10 years after oesophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. A 75 g ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2001/05/smw-09667
更新日期:2001-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a pulmonary disease, but also affects the cardiovascular system in multiple ways. In this review, we will summarise and put into perspective findings and debates relating to the diverse aspects of cardiovascular involvement of COVID-19. We will review evidence for the r...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20417
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::The differential diagnosis for children with diabetes includes a group of monogenic diabetic disorders known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). So far, six underlying gene defects have been identified. The most common subtypes are caused by mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factor HNF-1a (...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2005/23/smw-11030
更新日期:2005-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:PRINCIPLES:Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) resistant to ciprofloxacin (CR) was documented for the first time in Geneva in 2002 and increased from 7% that year to 47% in 2005. We describe NG cases during this period and compare characteristics of CR and ciprofloxacin susceptible (CS) cases. METHOD:Geneva microbiological lab...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2008/15/smw-12029
更新日期:2008-04-19 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:In Switzerland, skin cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplasms. General practitioners (GPs) are often faced with suspicious skin lesions in their patients. The aim of our study was to assess GPs' competence to diagnose skin cancer and to examine whether this can be improved by a one-day dermat...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13834
更新日期:2013-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Kras, a small intracellular GTPase, is a central intermediary of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other tyrosine kinase receptor pathways. Increased EGFR and Kras signalling is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Mutations of Kras result in the loss of its GTPase activity and t...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2010.13112
更新日期:2010-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of a voluntary termination of pregnancy (TOP) on contraceptive practice and sexual well-being in women. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Comparative evaluation of a retrospective study conducted in Lugano in 1995 with 85 women interviewed 3-6 months post-TOP, and a prospective study carried ou...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2001/35/smw-09768
更新日期:2001-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and success of a system which uses radiofrequency energy (RFE) rather than a device for percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). METHODS:Sixteen patients (10 men, 6 women, mean age 50 years) were included in the study. All of them had a...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:2008/07/smw-12182
更新日期:2008-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes progressive synovial inflammation resulting in irreversible joint destruction, chronic disability and premature mortality. Although it is recognised that in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation and its persistence result from complex interactions ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13529
更新日期:2012-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:Optimal oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs, gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) are unknown. Conflicting results from five recently published multicentre trials, which randomised ELGANs to high (91 to 95%) or low (85 to 89%) SpO2 targets from birth up t...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14197
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated left ventricular hypertrophy, in the absence of hypertension or aortic stenosis, is commonly attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). According to the clinical setting, however, other differential diagnoses should be considered. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis may be very challenging especially w...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2004/19/smw-10584
更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:Postmenopausal women are more likely to develop coronary artery disease than premenopausal women of the same age. Postmenopausal oral oestrogen therapy is associated with increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and decreased levels of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2006/31/smw-11390
更新日期:2006-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess outcomes 24 months after treatment start for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS:Cohort study of all culture-positive MDR-TB cases notified in Switzerland from 01/2003 to 07/2010. RESULTS:Fifty-one cases were observed, with a median age of 26 years (range 2-56). Twenty-seven were ma...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2014.14053
更新日期:2014-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::In Switzerland, approximately 350,000 people aged 70 years or older own a valid driving license. By law, these drivers are medically assessed every other year, most commonly by their general practitioner, to exclude that a medical condition is interfering with their driving skills. A prerequisite for driving is the in...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13136
更新日期:2011-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a standard therapy for some forms of severe movement disorders and is investigated for other neurological and psychiatric disorders, although many scientific, clinical and ethical issues are still open. We analyse how the Swiss DBS community addresses these ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13570
更新日期:2012-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTION UNDER STUDY:To evaluate the situation of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Switzerland. METHODS:Through a questionnaire, Swiss gynaecologists were asked if they have been confronted to FGMs, if they have been asked to perform infibulations and FGMs. The health representatives (Kantonsärzte/médecins cantonaux...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2002/19/smw-09912
更新日期:2002-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Depending on the populations studied and the definitions applied, the prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension varies from 10% to 15%, but is higher in conditions associated with increased sympathetic drive, such as obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea, diabetes or renal dysfunction. The Symplicity studies recently...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13638
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS OF THE STUDY:Pneumothoraces after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are an uncommon but potentially lethal complication. Little evidence is available on their epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy. We aimed to evaluate current practices and provide recommendations. METHOD:We systematically revie...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20199
更新日期:2020-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Switzerland, patients may undergo "blood tests" without being informed what these are screening for. Inadequate doctor-patient communication may result in patient misunderstanding. We examined what patients in the emergency department (ED) believed they had been screened for and explored their attitudes t...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14206
更新日期:2015-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Stress ulcer prophylaxis prescriptions might not be sufficiently challenged throughout a patient's stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and might be erroneously maintained after ICU discharge. This study aimed to determine (1) stress ulcer prophylaxis adequacy in ICU and (2) the proportion of patients recei...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20322
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Each year, over 5 million people die worldwide from stroke, and at least every sixth patient who survives will experience another stroke within five years [1]. We are therefore eager to advance early and rapid diagnosis, prognosis and optimal risk stratification, as well as secondary prevention. In this context, blood...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14138
更新日期:2015-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In contrast to quality of life, patient satisfaction on chronic haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) has only rarely been studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS:All chronic HD and PD patients of the 19 centres located in western Switzerland were asked to complete a specific questionnaire, assessing dialys...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:2006/13/smw-11180
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS OF THE STUDY:The purpose of this study was to establish a new computed tomography (CT) sign for pulmonary congestion (Kerley B lines in the lung apex in patients with cardiac or renal insufficiency) and to find the best signs to differentiate between pulmonary congestion and interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHO...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2019.20119
更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evaluation of the current clinical treatment of psoriasis in Switzerland remains to be measured with the parameters cost-of-illness and quality of life. OBJECTIVE:To obtain data on out-of-pocket expenses, costs of outpatient/office-based care and inpatient care for psoriasis, and to extrapolate total costs ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:smw-12756
更新日期:2010-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:In this work we wanted to evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection (IAI) at the knee joint of 1 ml of Diprospan on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. METHODS:Consecutive patients attending the rheumatology or orthopaedic clinic with osteoarthritic knee pain not responding sati...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14134
更新日期:2015-05-21 00:00:00
abstract:PRINCIPLES:A decrease in plasma lipids occurs during severe sepsis and has prognostic implications in critical illness. Whether lipids have prognostic implications or could help to differentiate community-acquired pneumonia from other lower respiratory tract infections remains unknown. METHODS:We analysed data from pa...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:smw-12494
更新日期:2009-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical implementation and report preliminary results of a novel technique called the Ozaki procedure for stentless aortic valve replacement through reconstruction of the valve leaflets from autologous pericardium. METHOD:Between September 2015 and May 2017 30 patients (20 males, mean ± standa...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2018.14591
更新日期:2018-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO recommends screening of Latin American migrants for Chagas disease to reduce morbidity and mortality and increase the likelihood of eradicating the disease. The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a screening strategy in one Swiss canton. From February 2011 to September 2012, people at...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2019.20050
更新日期:2019-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:We aimed to identify familial hypercholesterolaemia mutation carriers among participants to the Lausanne Institutional Biobank (BIL). Our experimental workflow was designed as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the resources and services provided by our integrated institutional clinical research support platform....
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14326
更新日期:2016-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Perinatal care of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery and of preterm infants born at the limit of viability (22-26 completed weeks of gestation) requires a multidisciplinary approach by an experienced perinatal team. Limited precision in the determination of both gestational age and foetal weight, as well...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13280
更新日期:2011-10-18 00:00:00